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1936 v3.6

2018-01-23T09:55:37Z

Charlesf:

=Introduction=
1936 is a seven-player Diplomacy variant set in the mid-thirties – at a time when the precarious order established after the Great War was increasingly undermined and finally destroyed.

Next to the seven great powers vying for influence, the two main factions in the Spanish Civil War – the Nationalists and Republicans are playable. Nationalist Spain is controlled by its main sponsor – Italy, whereas the Soviet Union champions the cause of Republican Spain.

1936's rules are based upon those of Ambition & Empire, a variant designed by Jeff Kase and Baron Powell. As its most striking departure from Standard Diplomacy, the latter first featured armed neutrals whose actions players may secretly influence by bidding Diplomacy Points (DPs).

Should you be interested in joining or observing a future game, contact [mailto:cfeaux@gmail.com me.]

=Maps=

[[Image:1936_36.gif|frame|1936 v3.6]]

[[Image:1936 36_4.gif|frame|1936 v3.6 initial setup]]

=Inital Setup=

BRITAIN: F Edinburgh, F Gibraltar, F London, F Suez

FRANCE: A Algiers, F Brest, A Lebanon, A Marseille, A Paris

GERMANY: A Berlin, F Hamburg, A Munich

ITALY: F Libya, A Milan, F Naples, A Rome

POLAND: A Cracow, F Gdynia, A Warsaw

SOVIET UNION: F Leningrad (sc), A Moscow, A Stalingrad

TURKEY: A Ankara, A Istanbul, F Izmir

NATIONALIST SPAIN: A Burgos

REPUBLICAN SPAIN: A Valencia

=Rules=
All the rules of standard Diplomacy apply save those noted below.

==Minor Powers==

In addition to the seven Great Powers (and the Spanish factions), there also are a host of "minor powers" that represent the smaller states of Europe.

Each minor power controls one unit (two in the case of Yugoslavia) and the SCs they occupy. All minor powers start with an army except for the following minors that start with a fleet: Denmark, Greece, the Netherlands, Norway, Portugal and Sweden.

Minor power units prevent a Great Power from simply moving into an empty space and gaining control of the SC. To occupy a minor power SC, a Great Power will need to move in with support. A minor power unit that is forced to retreat is disbanded. If a Great Power does not occupy the minor power SC at the end of a Fall turn, the minor power’s unit is automatically rebuilt in the Winter.

As in standard Diplomacy, a Great Power controls a minor power SC when one of its units occupies the space after a Fall turn has been played and completed. Once a Great Power gains control of a minor power SC, it can leave the SC vacant and still keep control of it as long as that SC is not occupied by another Great Power at the close of a Fall turn.

Minor power units do nothing but hold in place, unless the unit has been ordered by a Great Power using its Diplomacy Points.

==Diplomacy Points==

Each Great Power receives a set number of Diplomacy Points (DPs) every Spring and Fall turn.

• '''France receives 5 DPs.

• '''The other Great Powers are allocated 3 DPs each.

• '''Deduct 1 DP from a Great Power's DP budget for each SC it originally owned, yet is controlled by another power. Exception: French ownership of any SC within two spaces of Lebanon (i.e. Ankara, Iraq, Suez) cancels any penalty for losing Lebanon.

• '''Deduct 1 DP from sponsor's DP budget if its corresponding faction controls fewer Spanish SCs than the opposing faction or no longer controls any Spanish SC.

A patron receives a DP bonus when allocating DPs to a client (see further below).

During each Spring and Fall turn, each Great Power may allocate DPs to minor powers that still have units on the map. '''A Great Power may only allocate one DP to a given power except for one minor power where an additional DP might be allocated (i.e. two).'''

'''A Major Power may not allocate any DPs to a minor power it intends to attack (or support an attack against) during the current game turn.''' Note that A Croatia and A Serbia both belong to the same minor power. So a major power's attack or support against either unit prevents that major power from allocating any DPs to the other Yugoslavian unit.

For each DP allocated, the allocating Great Power submits an order for that particular minor power’s unit. A Great Power may order a minor power to move, hold or support. '''A minor power's unit given a move order (also known as a "sortie") will not actually move. However, the move action may cut support and bounce other units. '''

'''If a minor power unit is given a move order that under Standard rules would result in it moving, the order will result in the unit remaining in its starting territory, but no other unit may retreat or move into the territory the minor successfully attacked. A unit already in the target territory at turn start will not be dislodged.'''

Unused DPs may not be carried over into the next turn. They are simply lost.

Players are not required to tell each other how they allocated their DPs. Just as with negotiations, players may honour their agreements with other players or not, as they see fit. Only the GM will know how Great Powers have allocated their DPs. DP allocation is not published in the adjudication; only the end results are published.

The GM determines how DPs have been allocated. In the event of a conflict, an order for a particular minor power’s unit is followed if it is supported by more DPs than any conflicting order. See the following examples:

<blockquote>
Example 1. ''In Spring ‘36, Germany allocates one DP to Austria to get it to support a German attack on Bohemia. No other major Power allocates a DP to Austria so the Austrian unit supports the German attack on Bohemia.''
</blockquote>

<blockquote>
Example 2. ''In Spring ‘36, Germany allocates one DP to Austria to get it to support a German attack on Bohemia. Italy also allocates one DP to Austria to get it to support an Italian attack on Switzerland. Since Germany and Italy each allocated one DP to Austria, neither controls Austria and the Austrian army simply holds in place.''
</blockquote>

<blockquote>
Example 3. ''In Spring ‘36, Germany allocates two DPs to Austria to get it to support a German attack on Bohemia. Italy allocates only one DP to Austria to get it to support an Italian attack on Switzerland. Since Germany allocated one more DP to Austria than Italy did, the Austrian support the German attack on Bohemia.''
</blockquote>

<blockquote>
Example 4. ''In Spring ‘36, Germany allocates one DP to Austria to get it to support a German attack on Bohemia. Italy allocates one DP to Austria to get it to support an Italian attack on Switzerland. In support of Germany, Turkey allocates one DP to Austria to get it to support the German attack on Bohemia. Although Germany, Italy and Turkey each allocated one DP to Austria, the Germans get the Austrian support because the Turks supported the German diplomatic efforts with the Austrians.''
</blockquote>

==Client States==

'''Should a Great Power (patron) invest any DPs in a minor power designated as a client (i.e. lesser ally, junior partner, protectorate, state within a power's sphere of influence), those DPs are increased in value. Initially by one. After every two years, the DP bonus further increases by one. This means that the DP bonus rises to +2 during the Spring 1938 season, to +3 in Spring 1940 and so on.

These are the various Great Powers' clients:

BRITAIN: Egypt, Iraq

FRANCE: Belgium, Czechoslovakia (i.e. Bohemia), Greece, Morocco, Rumania, Yugoslavia (i.e. Croatia, Serbia)

GERMANY: Austria (also a potential German build site), Bulgaria, Finland,
Hungary, Iran, Rumania

ITALY: Bulgaria, Hungary

POLAND: Rumania

SOVIET UNION: Czechoslovakia (i.e. Bohemia), Lithuania

TURKEY: Egypt

As a visual cue, minor power SC dots are partially coloured in their patron's colours. Austria's SC is fully coloured grey to account for it being also a potential German build site.

==Yugoslavia==

Yugoslavia is a minor power initially consisting of two units/SCs (i.e. A Croatia and A Serbia). As such, '''the Yugoslav A Croatia may not attack, help cut or dislodge its fellow Yugoslav unit in Serbia (and vice-versa). DPs are allocated to A Croatia or A Serbia rather than to Yugoslavia as a whole.'''

==Spain==

The Nationalists and Republicans are considered factions. Italy and the Soviet Union are their respective sponsoring Great Powers.

The Italian player submits orders for Nationalist Spain, while the Soviet player does the same for Republican Spain. However, the two powers under the control of the same player are treated for all purposes other than victory as separate powers.

Burgos, Madrid and Valencia are home supply centres for both the Nationalists and Republicans. Initially the Nationalists control Burgos, the Republicans Valencia (their respective provisional capitals), whereas Madrid is neutral and controlled by neither. There is no neutral garrison in vacant Madrid – unlike all other neutral SCs at game-start.

'''Deduct 1 DP from sponsor's DP budget if its corresponding faction controls fewer Spanish SCs (i.e. Burgos, Madrid, Valencia) than the opposing faction or no longer controls any Spanish SCs.

Factions do not receive any DPs.

Should a faction's sponsoring Great Power (Italy for the Nationalists, the Soviet Union for the Republicans) be eliminated, its faction is immediately put into civil disorder (see the below rules section). Therefore the controlling player is entirely eliminated from the game. Such a newly arising minor power becomes a major power's client if already so designated at game-start.

==Victory Conditions==

As soon as one player controls '''18 SCs''', the game ends immediately and the player representing that Great Power is the winner. If two players each gain 18 or more SCs at the same time, the player with the most SCs is considered the winner. If the two players each control the same number of SCs, the game continues until one player has 18 or more SCs and that player has more SCs than any other player.

For the purposes of this rule Italy & Nationalist Spain are considered one Great Power. The same applies to the Soviet Union & Republican Spain.

==Civil Disorder==

If a player is lost during the game, the GM is strongly encouraged to find a replacement player for the affected Great Power rather than have it lapse into civil disorder. In the event no replacement player is found and the GM declares the Great Power to be in permanent civil disorder, the following rules apply:

• All units of the Great Power in civil disorder (GPCD) are immediately disbanded.

• All SCs controlled by the GPCD that are unoccupied are immediately considered newly independent minor powers. Minor power army units are built in those minor power spaces.

• All SCs controlled by the GPCD that are occupied by a unit belonging to another Great Power are unaffected. If the occupying Great Power moves its unit out of the GPCD’s SC so that the SC is unoccupied at the conclusion of a Fall turn, a minor power army unit is built there and that SC is considered a newly independent minor power.

• For the remainder of the game, all newly independent minor powers are subject to the provisions of the Minor Powers rules. In particular, this means the new minor power can be influenced using Diplomacy Points.

• Once a Great Power is declared to be in permanent civil disorder, it may not be played by an active player again.

==Special Rules==

• The first turn of the game begins in Spring 1936.

• France may not build units in Lebanon, nor may Italy do so in Libya (as a visual cue these SCs are filled with white colour).

• Austria serves as an additional German build-site.

• Britain starts the game with a fleet located in Gibraltar, whereas there’s no unit in Liverpool.

==Map Clarifications==

• Gibraltar and the Dodecanese are sea spaces that contain land. This means that a fleet stationed in Gibraltar or in the Dodecanese can convoy an army. Equally, army movement between Gibraltar and Madrid, Grenada or Morocco is allowed. Much as between the Dodecanese and Izmir.

• Hamburg, Suez, Denmark and Istanbul are canal provinces. Hence, they have merely one coast.

• The Persian Gulf and the Atlantic Ocean are adjacent and are divided by a line in what we generally consider Red Sea. Blue bands along the map edges indicate that these portions of the Red Sea respectively belong to the Persian Gulf and the Atlantic Ocean.

'''Four-way Intersections:'''

• Sicily and Naples are adjacent as shown by the landbridge arrow. Both fleet and army movement across the Straits of Messina is possible.

• Edinburgh, Northern Ireland, the North-Western Approaches and the Irish Sea all border each other.

• Gibraltar, Morocco, the Atlantic Ocean and the South-Western Approaches all border each other.

• Sweden, the Gulf of Bothnia, the Gulf of Danzig and Baltic Sea all border each other.

• Stalingrad, Western Caucasia, the Eastern Ukraine and the Black Sea all border each other.

• Greece, the Aegean Sea, Eastern Mediterranean Sea and Ionian Sea all border each other.

== Version Changelog==

* Asterisk = SC province
* @ = adjacent to
* > = renamed

'''0.3'''
* Space Additions: Azov Sea
* Altered Adjacencies: Stalingrad @ Azov Sea

'''1.0'''
* Space Additions: Ligurian Sea, Konya, Georgia, Trentino, Transylvania, Slovenia, Bosnia, Thrace, Dobruja, Abruzzi, Lorraine
* Space Removals: Armenia, Adana, Sevastopol, Cologne, Venetia
* Name Change: African Coastal Waters > Atlantic Ocean, Mid-Atlantic Ocean > South-Western Approaches, North-Atlantic Ocean > Northwestern Approaches, Saxony > Thuringia, Kiel > Hamburg
* Altered Adjacencies: Ankara @ Levantine Coastal Waters, Atlantic Ocean @ Ireland, Northwestern Approaches, Madrid @ Navarra, Berlin @ Czechia
* Rule Change:

'''1.1'''
* Space Additions: Gulf of Sidra
* Name Change: Thuringia > Saxony, Eastern Mediterranean > Libyan Sea
* Altered Adjacencies: Saxony @ Silesia, Pomerania

'''1.2'''
* Space Additions: Western Ukraine, Eastern Ukraine
* Space Removals: Ukraine
* Altered Adjacencies: Greater Poland @ Berlin, Saxony

'''1.3'''
* Name Change: Trentino > South Tyrol
* Altered Adjacencies: Rome @ Austria

'''1.6'''
* Space Additions: Tuscany, Northern Tyrrhenian Sea, Southern Tyrrhenian Sea, Bavaria
* Space Removals: Abruzzi
* Name Change: Munich > Frankfurt
* Altered Adjacencies: Bosnia @ Adriatic Sea
* Rule Change: Minor powers may be ordered to move.

'''1.7'''
* Space Additions: Lodz
* Altered Adjacencies: Silesia @ Berlin, Pomerania

'''1.8'''
* Space Additions: Venetia
* Rule Change: Suez becomes a British Home-SC.

'''1.9'''
* Space Additions: Northern Ireland
* Rule Change: The great powers are given minor powers as clients.

'''2.0'''
* Space Removals: Gulf of Sidra, Venetia
* Name Change: Saxony > Central Germany, Bavaria > Bavarian Ostmark
* Altered Adjacencies: Libyan Sea no longer adjacent to Greece, Central Germany @ Rhineland

'''2.1'''
* Rule Change: Finland, Latvia no longer Polish clients, Greece no longer French client, Lithuania Soviet client

'''2.2'''
* Space Additions: Venetia
* Altered Adjacencies: Rome no longer @ Milan.

'''2.3'''
* Space Removals: Heligoland Bight
* Altered Adjacencies: Paris @ Marseille, Belgium, English Channel @ Netherlands

'''2.4'''
* Name Change: Bavarian Ostmark > Franconia

'''2.5'''
* Rule Change: Iran is no longer a Turkish client.

'''2.6'''
* Space Additions: Northern North Sea, Southern North Sea
* Space Removals: North Sea

'''2.7'''
* Space Additions: Extremadura, Leon
* Space Removals: Galicia, Lodz
* Altered Adjacencies: Warsaw @ Czechia, Cracow no longer adjacent to Rumania.

'''2.8'''
* Altered Adjacencies: Cracow @ Rumania, Cracow @ Silesia

'''2.9'''
* Name Change: Georgia > Western Caucasia, Arabian Sea > Persian Gulf, Czechia > Bohemia
* Altered Adjacencies: Cracow not @ Rumania
* Rule Change: Client SCs count towards their patron's SC count for victory purposes.
* Rule Change: Minus 1 DP for each originally controlled SC under enemy control. If the Nationalists (or the Republicans) no longer control a single Spanish SC, Italy (or the Soviet Union) loses 1 DP.
* Rule Change: A victorious Spain only receives 1 DP instead of 3.
* Rule Change: The DP bonus for clients increases each year after 1937 by one extra DP.

'''3.0'''
* Altered Adjacencies: Libyan Sea @ Greece
* Rule Change: Greece becomes a French client.

'''3.1'''
* Name Change: Central Germany > Saxony, Thrace > Macedonia
* Altered Adjacencies: Munich @ Hamburg
* Rule Change: Finland and Iran become German clients.

'''3.2'''
* Rule Change: Rumania becomes also a German client (next to being a French and Polish one).

'''3.3'''
* Space Addition: Maltese Sea
* Rule Change: No more DPs for a victorious Spain. Instead a faction's sponsoring power gets one DP less if its faction has zero Spanish SCs or controls fewer of these than the opposing faction.
* Rule Change: Deduct 1 DP from a Great Power's DP budget for each SC it originally owned, yet now is controlled by another power. Exception: French ownership of any SC within two spaces of Beirut (i.e. Ankara, Iraq, Suez) cancels any penalty for losing Beirut.

'''3.4'''
* Altered Adjacencies: Saudi Arabia @ Suez (i.e. a new crossroads involving Suez, Palestine, Saudi Arabia and the Persian Gulf is created).
* Rule Change: The DP bonus for clients increases each year after every three move turns by one extra DP. This means that the DP bonus rises to +2 during the Fall 1937 season, to +3 in Spring 1939 and so on.
* Rule Change/Clarification: A Major Power may not allocate any DPs to a minor power SC it intends to support an attack against during the current game turn.

'''3.5'''
* Space Addition: Bukovina
* Rule Change: France can only spend 2 DPs in one particular minor.
* Rule Change: The DP bonus increases only after every two years.
* Rule Change: A surviving client's SCs no longer count towards its patron's SC total for victory purposes.
* Rule Change/Clarification: Minor powers created by a faction collapsing become the clients of those powers that were their patrons in 1936.
* Name Changes: Beirut > Lebanon, Tripoli > Libya, Libyan Sea > Eastern Mediterranean Sea

'''3.6'''
* Altered Adjacencies: Dobruja @ Eastern Ukraine

=Space Names and Abbreviations=

All spaces on the 1936 map, along with their abbreviations, are listed below. SCs are annotated with an asterisk (*).

Albania Alb
Alexandretta Ale
Algiers* Alg
Ankara* Ank
Archangel Agl

Austria* Aus
Belgium* Bel
Berlin* Ber
Bohemia Boh
Bosnia Bos

Brest* Bre
Bukovina Buk
Bulgaria* Bul
Burgos* Brg
Burgundy Bur

Byelorussia Bye
Catalonia Cat
Cracow* Cra
Croatia* Cro
Denmark* Den

Dobruja Dob
Dodecanese Dod
Eastern Anatolia EAn
East Prussia EPr
Eastern Ukraine EUk

Edinburgh* Edi
Egypt* Egy
Estonia Est
Extremadura Ext
Finland* Fin

Franconia Fra
Gascony Gas
Gdynia* Gdy
Gibraltar Gib
Granada Gra

Greater Poland GPo
Greece* Gre
Hamburg* Ham
Hungary* Hun
Iceland Ice

Iran* Irn
Iraq* Irq
Ireland Ire
Istanbul* Ist
Izmir* Izm

Kazakhstan Kaz
Konya Kon
Kurdistan Kur
Kuweit Kuw
Latvia* Lat

Lebanon* Leb
Leningrad* Len
Leon Leo
Libya* Lib
Lithuania* Lit

Liverpool* Liv
London* Lon
Lorraine Lor
Macedonia Mac
Madrid* Mad

Marseille* Mar
Milan* Mil
Morocco* Mor
Moscow* Mos
Munich* Mun

Naples* Nap
Navarra Nav
Netherlands* Net
Norway* Nwy
Palestine Pal

Paris* Par
Picardy Pic
Piedmont Pie
Pomerania Pom
Portugal* Por

Rhineland Rhi
Rome* Rom
Rumania* Rum
Sardinia Sdn
Saudi Arabia SAr

Saxony Sax
Serbia* Ser
Siberia Sib
Sicily Sic
Silesia Sil

Slovakia Svk
Slovenia Svn
Southern Algeria SAl
South Tyrol STy
Stalingrad* Sta

Suez Sue
Sweden* Swe
Switzerland* Swi
Syria Syr
Transylvania Tra

Tunisia Tun
Tuscany Tus
Valencia* Val
Venetia Ven
Volhynia Vol

Wales Wal
Warsaw* War
Western Caucasia WCa
Western Ukraine WUk
Yorkshire Yor

Adriatic Sea ADR
Aegean Sea AEG
Arctic Ocean, ARC
Atlantic Ocean ATL
Baltic Sea BAL

Bay of Biscay BOB
Black Sea BLA
Caspian Sea CAS
Eastern Mediterranean Sea EAS
English Channel ENG

Gulf of Bothnia GOB
Gulf of Danzig GOD
Gulf of Lion GOL
Ionian Sea ION
Irish Sea IRI

Levantine Sea LEV
Maltese Sea MAL
Northern North Sea NNS
Northern Tyrrhenian Sea NTS
North-Western Approaches NWA

Norwegian Sea NRG
Persian Gulf PGU
Skaggerak SKA
Southern North Sea SNS
Southern Tyrrhenian Sea STS

South-Western Approaches SWA
Western Mediterranean Sea WES

1936 v3.6

2017-12-31T14:14:05Z

Charlesf: /* Space Names and Abbreviations */

=Introduction=
1936 is a seven-player Diplomacy variant set in the mid-thirties – at a time when the precarious order established after the Great War was increasingly undermined and finally destroyed.

Next to the seven great powers vying for influence, the two main factions in the Spanish Civil War – the Nationalists and Republicans are playable. Nationalist Spain is controlled by its main sponsor – Italy, whereas the Soviet Union champions the cause of Republican Spain.

1936's rules are based upon those of Ambition & Empire, a variant designed by Jeff Kase and Baron Powell. As its most striking departure from Standard Diplomacy, the latter first featured armed neutrals whose actions players may secretly influence by bidding Diplomacy Points (DPs).

Should you be interested in joining or observing a future game, contact [mailto:cfeaux@gmail.com me.]

=Maps=

[[Image:1936_36.gif|frame|1936 v3.6]]

[[Image:1936 36_4.gif|frame|1936 v3.6 initial setup]]

=Inital Setup=

BRITAIN: F Edinburgh, F Gibraltar, F London, F Suez

FRANCE: A Algiers, F Brest, A Lebanon, A Marseille, A Paris

GERMANY: A Berlin, F Hamburg, A Munich

ITALY: F Libya, A Milan, F Naples, A Rome

POLAND: A Cracow, F Gdynia, A Warsaw

SOVIET UNION: F Leningrad (sc), A Moscow, A Stalingrad

TURKEY: A Ankara, A Istanbul, F Izmir

NATIONALIST SPAIN: A Burgos

REPUBLICAN SPAIN: A Valencia

=Rules=
All the rules of standard Diplomacy apply save those noted below.

==Minor Powers==

In addition to the seven Great Powers (and the Spanish factions), there also are a host of "minor powers" that represent the smaller states of Europe.

Each minor power controls one unit (two in the case of Yugoslavia) and the SCs they occupy. All minor powers start with an army except for the following minors that start with a fleet: Denmark, Greece, the Netherlands, Norway, Portugal and Sweden.

Minor power units prevent a Great Power from simply moving into an empty space and gaining control of the SC. To occupy a minor power SC, a Great Power will need to move in with support. A minor power unit that is forced to retreat is disbanded. If a Great Power does not occupy the minor power SC at the end of a Fall turn, the minor power’s unit is automatically rebuilt in the Winter.

As in standard Diplomacy, a Great Power controls a minor power SC when one of its units occupies the space after a Fall turn has been played and completed. Once a Great Power gains control of a minor power SC, it can leave the SC vacant and still keep control of it as long as that SC is not occupied by another Great Power at the close of a Fall turn.

Minor power units do nothing but hold in place, unless the unit has been ordered by a Great Power using its Diplomacy Points.

==Diplomacy Points==

Each Great Power receives a set number of Diplomacy Points (DPs) every Spring and Fall turn.

• '''France receives 5 DPs.

• '''The other Great Powers are allocated 3 DPs each.

• '''Deduct 1 DP from a Great Power's DP budget for each SC it originally owned, yet is controlled by another power. Exception: French ownership of any SC within two spaces of Lebanon (i.e. Ankara, Iraq, Suez) cancels any penalty for losing Lebanon.

• '''Deduct 1 DP from sponsor's DP budget if its corresponding faction controls fewer Spanish SCs than the opposing faction or no longer controls any Spanish SC.

A patron receives a DP bonus when allocating DPs to a client (see further below).

During each Spring and Fall turn, each Great Power may allocate DPs to minor powers that still have units on the map. '''A Great Power may only allocate one DP to a given power except for one minor power where an additional DP might be allocated (i.e. two).'''

'''A Major Power may not allocate any DPs to a minor power SC it intends to attack (or support an attack against) during the current game turn.'''

For each DP allocated, the allocating Great Power submits an order for that particular minor power’s unit. A Great Power may order a minor power to move, hold or support. '''A minor power's unit given a move order (also known as a "sortie") will not actually move. However, the move action may cut support and bounce other units. '''

'''If a minor power unit is given a move order that under Standard rules would result in it moving, the order will result in the unit remaining in its starting territory, but no other unit may retreat or move into the territory the minor successfully attacked. A unit already in the target territory at turn start will not be dislodged.'''

Unused DPs may not be carried over into the next turn. They are simply lost.

Players are not required to tell each other how they allocated their DPs. Just as with negotiations, players may honour their agreements with other players or not, as they see fit. Only the GM will know how Great Powers have allocated their DPs. DP allocation is not published in the adjudication; only the end results are published.

The GM determines how DPs have been allocated. In the event of a conflict, an order for a particular minor power’s unit is followed if it is supported by more DPs than any conflicting order. See the following examples:

<blockquote>
Example 1. ''In Spring ‘36, Germany allocates one DP to Austria to get it to support a German attack on Czechia. No other major Power allocates a DP to Austria so the Austrian unit supports the German attack on Czechia.''
</blockquote>

<blockquote>
Example 2. ''In Spring ‘36, Germany allocates one DP to Austria to get it to support a German attack on Czechia. Italy also allocates one DP to Austria to get it to support an Italian attack on Switzerland. Since Germany and Italy each allocated one DP to Austria, neither controls Austria and the Austrian army simply holds in place.''
</blockquote>

<blockquote>
Example 3. ''In Spring ‘36, Germany allocates two DPs to Austria to get it to support a German attack on Czechia. Italy allocates only one DP to Austria to get it to support an Italian attack on Switzerland. Since Germany allocated one more DP to Austria than Italy did, the Austrian support the German attack on Czechia.''
</blockquote>

<blockquote>
Example 4. ''In Spring ‘36, Germany allocates one DP to Austria to get it to support a German attack on Czechia. Italy allocates one DP to Austria to get it to support an Italian attack on Switzerland. In support of Germany, Turkey allocates one DP to Austria to get it to support the German attack on Czechia. Although Germany, Italy and Turkey each allocated one DP to Austria, the Germans get the Austrian support because the Turks supported the German diplomatic efforts with the Austrians.''
</blockquote>

==Client States==

'''Should a Great Power (patron) invest any DPs in a minor power designated as a client (i.e. lesser ally, junior partner, protectorate, state within a power's sphere of influence), those DPs are increased in value. Initially by one. After every two years, the DP bonus further increases by one. This means that the DP bonus rises to +2 during the Spring 1938 season, to +3 in Spring 1940 and so on.

A surviving client's SCs count towards its patron's SC total for victory purposes.

These are the various Great Powers' clients:

BRITAIN: Egypt, Iraq

FRANCE: Belgium, Czechoslovakia (i.e. Bohemia), Greece, Morocco, Rumania, Yugoslavia (i.e. Croatia, Serbia)

GERMANY: Austria (also a potential German build site), Bulgaria, Finland,
Hungary, Iran, Rumania

ITALY: Bulgaria, Hungary

POLAND: Rumania

SOVIET UNION: Czechoslovakia (i.e. Bohemia), Lithuania

TURKEY: Egypt

As a visual cue, minor power SC dots are partially coloured in their patron's colours. Austria's SC is fully coloured grey to account for it being also a potential German build site.

==Yugoslavia==

Yugoslavia is a minor power initially consisting of two units/SCs (i.e. A Croatia and A Serbia). As such, '''the Yugoslav A Croatia may not attack, help cut or dislodge its fellow Yugoslav unit in Serbia (and vice-versa). DPs are allocated to A Croatia or A Serbia rather than to Yugoslavia as a whole.'''

==Spain==

The Nationalists and Republicans are considered factions. Italy and the Soviet Union are their respective sponsoring Great Powers.

The Italian player submits orders for Nationalist Spain, while the Soviet player does the same for Republican Spain. However, the two powers under the control of the same player are treated for all purposes other than victory as separate powers.

Burgos, Madrid and Valencia are home supply centres for both the Nationalists and Republicans. Initially the Nationalists control Burgos, the Republicans Valencia (their respective provisional capitals), whereas Madrid is neutral and controlled by neither. There is no neutral garrison in vacant Madrid – unlike all other neutral SCs at game-start.

'''Deduct 1 DP from sponsor's DP budget if its corresponding faction controls fewer Spanish SCs (i.e. Burgos, Madrid, Valencia) than the opposing faction or no longer controls any Spanish SCs.

Factions do not receive any DPs.

Should a faction's sponsoring Great Power (Italy for the Nationalists, the Soviet Union for the Republicans) be eliminated, its faction is immediately put into civil disorder (see the below rules section). Therefore the controlling player is entirely eliminated from the game. Such a newly arising minor power becomes a major power's client if already so designated at game-start.

==Victory Conditions==

As soon as one player controls '''18 SCs''', the game ends immediately and the player representing that Great Power is the winner. If two players each gain 18 or more SCs at the same time, the player with the most SCs is considered the winner. If the two players each control the same number of SCs, the game continues until one player has 18 or more SCs and that player has more SCs than any other player.

For the purposes of this rule Italy & Nationalist Spain are considered one Great Power. The same applies to the Soviet Union & Republican Spain.

==Civil Disorder==

If a player is lost during the game, the GM is strongly encouraged to find a replacement player for the affected Great Power rather than have it lapse into civil disorder. In the event no replacement player is found and the GM declares the Great Power to be in permanent civil disorder, the following rules apply:

• All units of the Great Power in civil disorder (GPCD) are immediately disbanded.

• All SCs controlled by the GPCD that are unoccupied are immediately considered newly independent minor powers. Minor power army units are built in those minor power spaces.

• All SCs controlled by the GPCD that are occupied by a unit belonging to another Great Power are unaffected. If the occupying Great Power moves its unit out of the GPCD’s SC so that the SC is unoccupied at the conclusion of a Fall turn, a minor power army unit is built there and that SC is considered a newly independent minor power.

• For the remainder of the game, all newly independent minor powers are subject to the provisions of the Minor Powers rules. In particular, this means the new minor power can be influenced using Diplomacy Points.

• Once a Great Power is declared to be in permanent civil disorder, it may not be played by an active player again.

==Special Rules==

• The first turn of the game begins in Spring 1936.

• France may not build units in Lebanon, nor may Italy do so in Libya (as a visual cue these SCs are filled with white colour).

• Austria serves as an additional German build-site.

• Britain starts the game with a fleet located in Gibraltar, whereas there’s no unit in Liverpool.

==Map Clarifications==

• Gibraltar and the Dodecanese are sea spaces that contain land. This means that a fleet stationed in Gibraltar or in the Dodecanese can convoy an army. Equally, army movement between Gibraltar and Madrid, Grenada or Morocco is allowed. Much as between the Dodecanese and Izmir.

• Hamburg, Suez, Denmark and Istanbul are canal provinces. Hence, they have merely one coast.

• The Persian Gulf and the Atlantic Ocean are adjacent and are divided by a line in what we generally consider Red Sea. Blue bands along the map edges indicate that these portions of the Red Sea respectively belong to the Persian Gulf and the Atlantic Ocean.

'''Four-way Intersections:'''

• Sicily and Naples are adjacent as shown by the landbridge arrow. Both fleet and army movement across the Straits of Messina is possible.

• Edinburgh, Northern Ireland, the North-Western Approaches and the Irish Sea all border each other.

• Gibraltar, Morocco, the Atlantic Ocean and the South-Western Approaches all border each other.

• Sweden, the Gulf of Bothnia, the Gulf of Danzig and Baltic Sea all border each other.

• Stalingrad, Western Caucasia, the Eastern Ukraine and the Black Sea all border each other.

• Greece, the Aegean Sea, Eastern Mediterranean Sea and Ionian Sea all border each other.

== Version Changelog==

* Asterisk = SC province
* @ = adjacent to
* > = renamed

'''0.3'''
* Space Additions: Azov Sea
* Altered Adjacencies: Stalingrad @ Azov Sea

'''1.0'''
* Space Additions: Ligurian Sea, Konya, Georgia, Trentino, Transylvania, Slovenia, Bosnia, Thrace, Dobruja, Abruzzi, Lorraine
* Space Removals: Armenia, Adana, Sevastopol, Cologne, Venetia
* Name Change: African Coastal Waters > Atlantic Ocean, Mid-Atlantic Ocean > South-Western Approaches, North-Atlantic Ocean > Northwestern Approaches, Saxony > Thuringia, Kiel > Hamburg
* Altered Adjacencies: Ankara @ Levantine Coastal Waters, Atlantic Ocean @ Ireland, Northwestern Approaches, Madrid @ Navarra, Berlin @ Czechia
* Rule Change:

'''1.1'''
* Space Additions: Gulf of Sidra
* Name Change: Thuringia > Saxony, Eastern Mediterranean > Libyan Sea
* Altered Adjacencies: Saxony @ Silesia, Pomerania

'''1.2'''
* Space Additions: Western Ukraine, Eastern Ukraine
* Space Removals: Ukraine
* Altered Adjacencies: Greater Poland @ Berlin, Saxony

'''1.3'''
* Name Change: Trentino > South Tyrol
* Altered Adjacencies: Rome @ Austria

'''1.6'''
* Space Additions: Tuscany, Northern Tyrrhenian Sea, Southern Tyrrhenian Sea, Bavaria
* Space Removals: Abruzzi
* Name Change: Munich > Frankfurt
* Altered Adjacencies: Bosnia @ Adriatic Sea
* Rule Change: Minor powers may be ordered to move.

'''1.7'''
* Space Additions: Lodz
* Altered Adjacencies: Silesia @ Berlin, Pomerania

'''1.8'''
* Space Additions: Venetia
* Rule Change: Suez becomes a British Home-SC.

'''1.9'''
* Space Additions: Northern Ireland
* Rule Change: The great powers are given minor powers as clients.

'''2.0'''
* Space Removals: Gulf of Sidra, Venetia
* Name Change: Saxony > Central Germany, Bavaria > Bavarian Ostmark
* Altered Adjacencies: Libyan Sea no longer adjacent to Greece, Central Germany @ Rhineland

'''2.1'''
* Rule Change: Finland, Latvia no longer Polish clients, Greece no longer French client, Lithuania Soviet client

'''2.2'''
* Space Additions: Venetia
* Altered Adjacencies: Rome no longer @ Milan.

'''2.3'''
* Space Removals: Heligoland Bight
* Altered Adjacencies: Paris @ Marseille, Belgium, English Channel @ Netherlands

'''2.4'''
* Name Change: Bavarian Ostmark > Franconia

'''2.5'''
* Rule Change: Iran is no longer a Turkish client.

'''2.6'''
* Space Additions: Northern North Sea, Southern North Sea
* Space Removals: North Sea

'''2.7'''
* Space Additions: Extremadura, Leon
* Space Removals: Galicia, Lodz
* Altered Adjacencies: Warsaw @ Czechia, Cracow no longer adjacent to Rumania.

'''2.8'''
* Altered Adjacencies: Cracow @ Rumania, Cracow @ Silesia

'''2.9'''
* Name Change: Georgia > Western Caucasia, Arabian Sea > Persian Gulf, Czechia > Bohemia
* Altered Adjacencies: Cracow not @ Rumania
* Rule Change: Client SCs count towards their patron's SC count for victory purposes.
* Rule Change: Minus 1 DP for each originally controlled SC under enemy control. If the Nationalists (or the Republicans) no longer control a single Spanish SC, Italy (or the Soviet Union) loses 1 DP.
* Rule Change: A victorious Spain only receives 1 DP instead of 3.
* Rule Change: The DP bonus for clients increases each year after 1937 by one extra DP.

'''3.0'''
* Altered Adjacencies: Libyan Sea @ Greece
* Rule Change: Greece becomes a French client.

'''3.1'''
* Name Change: Central Germany > Saxony, Thrace > Macedonia
* Altered Adjacencies: Munich @ Hamburg
* Rule Change: Finland and Iran become German clients.

'''3.2'''
* Rule Change: Rumania becomes also a German client (next to being a French and Polish one).

'''3.3'''
* Space Addition: Maltese Sea
* Rule Change: No more DPs for a victorious Spain. Instead a faction's sponsoring power gets one DP less if its faction has zero Spanish SCs or controls fewer of these than the opposing faction.
* Rule Change: Deduct 1 DP from a Great Power's DP budget for each SC it originally owned, yet now is controlled by another power. Exception: French ownership of any SC within two spaces of Beirut (i.e. Ankara, Iraq, Suez) cancels any penalty for losing Beirut.

'''3.4'''
* Altered Adjacencies: Saudi Arabia @ Suez (i.e. a new crossroads involving Suez, Palestine, Saudi Arabia and the Persian Gulf is created).
* Rule Change: The DP bonus for clients increases each year after every three move turns by one extra DP. This means that the DP bonus rises to +2 during the Fall 1937 season, to +3 in Spring 1939 and so on.
* Rule Change/Clarification: A Major Power may not allocate any DPs to a minor power SC it intends to support an attack against during the current game turn.

'''3.5'''
* Space Addition: Bukovina
* Rule Change: France can only spend 2 DPs in one particular minor.
* Rule Change: The DP bonus increases only after every two years.
* Rule Change: A surviving client's SCs no longer count towards its patron's SC total for victory purposes.
* Rule Change/Clarification: Minor powers created by a faction collapsing become the clients of those powers that were their patrons in 1936.
* Name Changes: Beirut > Lebanon, Tripoli > Libya, Libyan Sea > Eastern Mediterranean Sea

'''3.6'''
* Altered Adjacencies: Dobruja @ Eastern Ukraine

=Space Names and Abbreviations=

All spaces on the 1936 map, along with their abbreviations, are listed below. SCs are annotated with an asterisk (*).

Albania Alb
Alexandretta Ale
Algiers* Alg
Ankara* Ank
Archangel Agl

Austria* Aus
Belgium* Bel
Berlin* Ber
Bohemia Boh
Bosnia Bos

Brest* Bre
Bukovina Buk
Bulgaria* Bul
Burgos* Brg
Burgundy Bur

Byelorussia Bye
Catalonia Cat
Cracow* Cra
Croatia* Cro
Denmark* Den

Dobruja Dob
Dodecanese Dod
Eastern Anatolia EAn
East Prussia EPr
Eastern Ukraine EUk

Edinburgh* Edi
Egypt* Egy
Estonia Est
Extremadura Ext
Finland* Fin

Franconia Fra
Gascony Gas
Gdynia* Gdy
Gibraltar Gib
Granada Gra

Greater Poland GPo
Greece* Gre
Hamburg* Ham
Hungary* Hun
Iceland Ice

Iran* Irn
Iraq* Irq
Ireland Ire
Istanbul* Ist
Izmir* Izm

Kazakhstan Kaz
Konya Kon
Kurdistan Kur
Kuweit Kuw
Latvia* Lat

Lebanon* Leb
Leningrad* Len
Leon Leo
Libya* Lib
Lithuania* Lit

Liverpool* Liv
London* Lon
Lorraine Lor
Madrid* Mad
Marseille* Mar

Milan* Mil
Morocco* Mor
Moscow* Mos
Munich* Mun
Naples* Nap

Navarra Nav
Netherlands* Net
Norway* Nwy
Palestine Pal
Paris* Par

Picardy Pic
Piedmont Pie
Pomerania Pom
Portugal* Por
Rhineland Rhi

Rome* Rom
Rumania* Rum
Sardinia Sdn
Saudi Arabia SAr
Saxony Sax

Serbia* Ser
Siberia Sib
Sicily Sic
Silesia Sil
Slovakia Svk

Slovenia Svn
Southern Algeria SAl
South Tyrol STy
Stalingrad* Sta
Suez Sue

Sweden* Swe
Switzerland* Swi
Syria Syr
Thrace Thr
Transylvania Tra

Tunisia Tun
Tuscany Tus
Valencia* Val
Venetia Ven
Volhynia Vol

Wales Wal
Warsaw* War
Western Caucasia WCa
Western Ukraine WUk
Yorkshire Yor

Adriatic Sea ADR
Aegean Sea AEG
Arctic Ocean, ARC
Atlantic Ocean ATL
Baltic Sea BAL

Bay of Biscay BOB
Black Sea BLA
Caspian Sea CAS
Eastern Mediterranean Sea EAS
English Channel ENG

Gulf of Bothnia GOB
Gulf of Danzig GOD
Gulf of Lion GOL
Ionian Sea ION
Irish Sea IRI

Levantine Sea LEV
Maltese Sea MAL
Northern North Sea NNS
Northern Tyrrhenian Sea NTS
North-Western Approaches NWA

Norwegian Sea NRG
Persian Gulf PGU
Skaggerak SKA
Southern North Sea SNS
Southern Tyrrhenian Sea STS

South-Western Approaches SWA
Western Mediterranean Sea WES

1936 v3.6

2017-12-31T14:01:19Z

Charlesf: /* Version Changelog */

=Introduction=
1936 is a seven-player Diplomacy variant set in the mid-thirties – at a time when the precarious order established after the Great War was increasingly undermined and finally destroyed.

Next to the seven great powers vying for influence, the two main factions in the Spanish Civil War – the Nationalists and Republicans are playable. Nationalist Spain is controlled by its main sponsor – Italy, whereas the Soviet Union champions the cause of Republican Spain.

1936's rules are based upon those of Ambition & Empire, a variant designed by Jeff Kase and Baron Powell. As its most striking departure from Standard Diplomacy, the latter first featured armed neutrals whose actions players may secretly influence by bidding Diplomacy Points (DPs).

Should you be interested in joining or observing a future game, contact [mailto:cfeaux@gmail.com me.]

=Maps=

[[Image:1936_36.gif|frame|1936 v3.6]]

[[Image:1936 36_4.gif|frame|1936 v3.6 initial setup]]

=Inital Setup=

BRITAIN: F Edinburgh, F Gibraltar, F London, F Suez

FRANCE: A Algiers, F Brest, A Lebanon, A Marseille, A Paris

GERMANY: A Berlin, F Hamburg, A Munich

ITALY: F Libya, A Milan, F Naples, A Rome

POLAND: A Cracow, F Gdynia, A Warsaw

SOVIET UNION: F Leningrad (sc), A Moscow, A Stalingrad

TURKEY: A Ankara, A Istanbul, F Izmir

NATIONALIST SPAIN: A Burgos

REPUBLICAN SPAIN: A Valencia

=Rules=
All the rules of standard Diplomacy apply save those noted below.

==Minor Powers==

In addition to the seven Great Powers (and the Spanish factions), there also are a host of "minor powers" that represent the smaller states of Europe.

Each minor power controls one unit (two in the case of Yugoslavia) and the SCs they occupy. All minor powers start with an army except for the following minors that start with a fleet: Denmark, Greece, the Netherlands, Norway, Portugal and Sweden.

Minor power units prevent a Great Power from simply moving into an empty space and gaining control of the SC. To occupy a minor power SC, a Great Power will need to move in with support. A minor power unit that is forced to retreat is disbanded. If a Great Power does not occupy the minor power SC at the end of a Fall turn, the minor power’s unit is automatically rebuilt in the Winter.

As in standard Diplomacy, a Great Power controls a minor power SC when one of its units occupies the space after a Fall turn has been played and completed. Once a Great Power gains control of a minor power SC, it can leave the SC vacant and still keep control of it as long as that SC is not occupied by another Great Power at the close of a Fall turn.

Minor power units do nothing but hold in place, unless the unit has been ordered by a Great Power using its Diplomacy Points.

==Diplomacy Points==

Each Great Power receives a set number of Diplomacy Points (DPs) every Spring and Fall turn.

• '''France receives 5 DPs.

• '''The other Great Powers are allocated 3 DPs each.

• '''Deduct 1 DP from a Great Power's DP budget for each SC it originally owned, yet is controlled by another power. Exception: French ownership of any SC within two spaces of Lebanon (i.e. Ankara, Iraq, Suez) cancels any penalty for losing Lebanon.

• '''Deduct 1 DP from sponsor's DP budget if its corresponding faction controls fewer Spanish SCs than the opposing faction or no longer controls any Spanish SC.

A patron receives a DP bonus when allocating DPs to a client (see further below).

During each Spring and Fall turn, each Great Power may allocate DPs to minor powers that still have units on the map. '''A Great Power may only allocate one DP to a given power except for one minor power where an additional DP might be allocated (i.e. two).'''

'''A Major Power may not allocate any DPs to a minor power SC it intends to attack (or support an attack against) during the current game turn.'''

For each DP allocated, the allocating Great Power submits an order for that particular minor power’s unit. A Great Power may order a minor power to move, hold or support. '''A minor power's unit given a move order (also known as a "sortie") will not actually move. However, the move action may cut support and bounce other units. '''

'''If a minor power unit is given a move order that under Standard rules would result in it moving, the order will result in the unit remaining in its starting territory, but no other unit may retreat or move into the territory the minor successfully attacked. A unit already in the target territory at turn start will not be dislodged.'''

Unused DPs may not be carried over into the next turn. They are simply lost.

Players are not required to tell each other how they allocated their DPs. Just as with negotiations, players may honour their agreements with other players or not, as they see fit. Only the GM will know how Great Powers have allocated their DPs. DP allocation is not published in the adjudication; only the end results are published.

The GM determines how DPs have been allocated. In the event of a conflict, an order for a particular minor power’s unit is followed if it is supported by more DPs than any conflicting order. See the following examples:

<blockquote>
Example 1. ''In Spring ‘36, Germany allocates one DP to Austria to get it to support a German attack on Czechia. No other major Power allocates a DP to Austria so the Austrian unit supports the German attack on Czechia.''
</blockquote>

<blockquote>
Example 2. ''In Spring ‘36, Germany allocates one DP to Austria to get it to support a German attack on Czechia. Italy also allocates one DP to Austria to get it to support an Italian attack on Switzerland. Since Germany and Italy each allocated one DP to Austria, neither controls Austria and the Austrian army simply holds in place.''
</blockquote>

<blockquote>
Example 3. ''In Spring ‘36, Germany allocates two DPs to Austria to get it to support a German attack on Czechia. Italy allocates only one DP to Austria to get it to support an Italian attack on Switzerland. Since Germany allocated one more DP to Austria than Italy did, the Austrian support the German attack on Czechia.''
</blockquote>

<blockquote>
Example 4. ''In Spring ‘36, Germany allocates one DP to Austria to get it to support a German attack on Czechia. Italy allocates one DP to Austria to get it to support an Italian attack on Switzerland. In support of Germany, Turkey allocates one DP to Austria to get it to support the German attack on Czechia. Although Germany, Italy and Turkey each allocated one DP to Austria, the Germans get the Austrian support because the Turks supported the German diplomatic efforts with the Austrians.''
</blockquote>

==Client States==

'''Should a Great Power (patron) invest any DPs in a minor power designated as a client (i.e. lesser ally, junior partner, protectorate, state within a power's sphere of influence), those DPs are increased in value. Initially by one. After every two years, the DP bonus further increases by one. This means that the DP bonus rises to +2 during the Spring 1938 season, to +3 in Spring 1940 and so on.

A surviving client's SCs count towards its patron's SC total for victory purposes.

These are the various Great Powers' clients:

BRITAIN: Egypt, Iraq

FRANCE: Belgium, Czechoslovakia (i.e. Bohemia), Greece, Morocco, Rumania, Yugoslavia (i.e. Croatia, Serbia)

GERMANY: Austria (also a potential German build site), Bulgaria, Finland,
Hungary, Iran, Rumania

ITALY: Bulgaria, Hungary

POLAND: Rumania

SOVIET UNION: Czechoslovakia (i.e. Bohemia), Lithuania

TURKEY: Egypt

As a visual cue, minor power SC dots are partially coloured in their patron's colours. Austria's SC is fully coloured grey to account for it being also a potential German build site.

==Yugoslavia==

Yugoslavia is a minor power initially consisting of two units/SCs (i.e. A Croatia and A Serbia). As such, '''the Yugoslav A Croatia may not attack, help cut or dislodge its fellow Yugoslav unit in Serbia (and vice-versa). DPs are allocated to A Croatia or A Serbia rather than to Yugoslavia as a whole.'''

==Spain==

The Nationalists and Republicans are considered factions. Italy and the Soviet Union are their respective sponsoring Great Powers.

The Italian player submits orders for Nationalist Spain, while the Soviet player does the same for Republican Spain. However, the two powers under the control of the same player are treated for all purposes other than victory as separate powers.

Burgos, Madrid and Valencia are home supply centres for both the Nationalists and Republicans. Initially the Nationalists control Burgos, the Republicans Valencia (their respective provisional capitals), whereas Madrid is neutral and controlled by neither. There is no neutral garrison in vacant Madrid – unlike all other neutral SCs at game-start.

'''Deduct 1 DP from sponsor's DP budget if its corresponding faction controls fewer Spanish SCs (i.e. Burgos, Madrid, Valencia) than the opposing faction or no longer controls any Spanish SCs.

Factions do not receive any DPs.

Should a faction's sponsoring Great Power (Italy for the Nationalists, the Soviet Union for the Republicans) be eliminated, its faction is immediately put into civil disorder (see the below rules section). Therefore the controlling player is entirely eliminated from the game. Such a newly arising minor power becomes a major power's client if already so designated at game-start.

==Victory Conditions==

As soon as one player controls '''18 SCs''', the game ends immediately and the player representing that Great Power is the winner. If two players each gain 18 or more SCs at the same time, the player with the most SCs is considered the winner. If the two players each control the same number of SCs, the game continues until one player has 18 or more SCs and that player has more SCs than any other player.

For the purposes of this rule Italy & Nationalist Spain are considered one Great Power. The same applies to the Soviet Union & Republican Spain.

==Civil Disorder==

If a player is lost during the game, the GM is strongly encouraged to find a replacement player for the affected Great Power rather than have it lapse into civil disorder. In the event no replacement player is found and the GM declares the Great Power to be in permanent civil disorder, the following rules apply:

• All units of the Great Power in civil disorder (GPCD) are immediately disbanded.

• All SCs controlled by the GPCD that are unoccupied are immediately considered newly independent minor powers. Minor power army units are built in those minor power spaces.

• All SCs controlled by the GPCD that are occupied by a unit belonging to another Great Power are unaffected. If the occupying Great Power moves its unit out of the GPCD’s SC so that the SC is unoccupied at the conclusion of a Fall turn, a minor power army unit is built there and that SC is considered a newly independent minor power.

• For the remainder of the game, all newly independent minor powers are subject to the provisions of the Minor Powers rules. In particular, this means the new minor power can be influenced using Diplomacy Points.

• Once a Great Power is declared to be in permanent civil disorder, it may not be played by an active player again.

==Special Rules==

• The first turn of the game begins in Spring 1936.

• France may not build units in Lebanon, nor may Italy do so in Libya (as a visual cue these SCs are filled with white colour).

• Austria serves as an additional German build-site.

• Britain starts the game with a fleet located in Gibraltar, whereas there’s no unit in Liverpool.

==Map Clarifications==

• Gibraltar and the Dodecanese are sea spaces that contain land. This means that a fleet stationed in Gibraltar or in the Dodecanese can convoy an army. Equally, army movement between Gibraltar and Madrid, Grenada or Morocco is allowed. Much as between the Dodecanese and Izmir.

• Hamburg, Suez, Denmark and Istanbul are canal provinces. Hence, they have merely one coast.

• The Persian Gulf and the Atlantic Ocean are adjacent and are divided by a line in what we generally consider Red Sea. Blue bands along the map edges indicate that these portions of the Red Sea respectively belong to the Persian Gulf and the Atlantic Ocean.

'''Four-way Intersections:'''

• Sicily and Naples are adjacent as shown by the landbridge arrow. Both fleet and army movement across the Straits of Messina is possible.

• Edinburgh, Northern Ireland, the North-Western Approaches and the Irish Sea all border each other.

• Gibraltar, Morocco, the Atlantic Ocean and the South-Western Approaches all border each other.

• Sweden, the Gulf of Bothnia, the Gulf of Danzig and Baltic Sea all border each other.

• Stalingrad, Western Caucasia, the Eastern Ukraine and the Black Sea all border each other.

• Greece, the Aegean Sea, Eastern Mediterranean Sea and Ionian Sea all border each other.

== Version Changelog==

* Asterisk = SC province
* @ = adjacent to
* > = renamed

'''0.3'''
* Space Additions: Azov Sea
* Altered Adjacencies: Stalingrad @ Azov Sea

'''1.0'''
* Space Additions: Ligurian Sea, Konya, Georgia, Trentino, Transylvania, Slovenia, Bosnia, Thrace, Dobruja, Abruzzi, Lorraine
* Space Removals: Armenia, Adana, Sevastopol, Cologne, Venetia
* Name Change: African Coastal Waters > Atlantic Ocean, Mid-Atlantic Ocean > South-Western Approaches, North-Atlantic Ocean > Northwestern Approaches, Saxony > Thuringia, Kiel > Hamburg
* Altered Adjacencies: Ankara @ Levantine Coastal Waters, Atlantic Ocean @ Ireland, Northwestern Approaches, Madrid @ Navarra, Berlin @ Czechia
* Rule Change:

'''1.1'''
* Space Additions: Gulf of Sidra
* Name Change: Thuringia > Saxony, Eastern Mediterranean > Libyan Sea
* Altered Adjacencies: Saxony @ Silesia, Pomerania

'''1.2'''
* Space Additions: Western Ukraine, Eastern Ukraine
* Space Removals: Ukraine
* Altered Adjacencies: Greater Poland @ Berlin, Saxony

'''1.3'''
* Name Change: Trentino > South Tyrol
* Altered Adjacencies: Rome @ Austria

'''1.6'''
* Space Additions: Tuscany, Northern Tyrrhenian Sea, Southern Tyrrhenian Sea, Bavaria
* Space Removals: Abruzzi
* Name Change: Munich > Frankfurt
* Altered Adjacencies: Bosnia @ Adriatic Sea
* Rule Change: Minor powers may be ordered to move.

'''1.7'''
* Space Additions: Lodz
* Altered Adjacencies: Silesia @ Berlin, Pomerania

'''1.8'''
* Space Additions: Venetia
* Rule Change: Suez becomes a British Home-SC.

'''1.9'''
* Space Additions: Northern Ireland
* Rule Change: The great powers are given minor powers as clients.

'''2.0'''
* Space Removals: Gulf of Sidra, Venetia
* Name Change: Saxony > Central Germany, Bavaria > Bavarian Ostmark
* Altered Adjacencies: Libyan Sea no longer adjacent to Greece, Central Germany @ Rhineland

'''2.1'''
* Rule Change: Finland, Latvia no longer Polish clients, Greece no longer French client, Lithuania Soviet client

'''2.2'''
* Space Additions: Venetia
* Altered Adjacencies: Rome no longer @ Milan.

'''2.3'''
* Space Removals: Heligoland Bight
* Altered Adjacencies: Paris @ Marseille, Belgium, English Channel @ Netherlands

'''2.4'''
* Name Change: Bavarian Ostmark > Franconia

'''2.5'''
* Rule Change: Iran is no longer a Turkish client.

'''2.6'''
* Space Additions: Northern North Sea, Southern North Sea
* Space Removals: North Sea

'''2.7'''
* Space Additions: Extremadura, Leon
* Space Removals: Galicia, Lodz
* Altered Adjacencies: Warsaw @ Czechia, Cracow no longer adjacent to Rumania.

'''2.8'''
* Altered Adjacencies: Cracow @ Rumania, Cracow @ Silesia

'''2.9'''
* Name Change: Georgia > Western Caucasia, Arabian Sea > Persian Gulf, Czechia > Bohemia
* Altered Adjacencies: Cracow not @ Rumania
* Rule Change: Client SCs count towards their patron's SC count for victory purposes.
* Rule Change: Minus 1 DP for each originally controlled SC under enemy control. If the Nationalists (or the Republicans) no longer control a single Spanish SC, Italy (or the Soviet Union) loses 1 DP.
* Rule Change: A victorious Spain only receives 1 DP instead of 3.
* Rule Change: The DP bonus for clients increases each year after 1937 by one extra DP.

'''3.0'''
* Altered Adjacencies: Libyan Sea @ Greece
* Rule Change: Greece becomes a French client.

'''3.1'''
* Name Change: Central Germany > Saxony, Thrace > Macedonia
* Altered Adjacencies: Munich @ Hamburg
* Rule Change: Finland and Iran become German clients.

'''3.2'''
* Rule Change: Rumania becomes also a German client (next to being a French and Polish one).

'''3.3'''
* Space Addition: Maltese Sea
* Rule Change: No more DPs for a victorious Spain. Instead a faction's sponsoring power gets one DP less if its faction has zero Spanish SCs or controls fewer of these than the opposing faction.
* Rule Change: Deduct 1 DP from a Great Power's DP budget for each SC it originally owned, yet now is controlled by another power. Exception: French ownership of any SC within two spaces of Beirut (i.e. Ankara, Iraq, Suez) cancels any penalty for losing Beirut.

'''3.4'''
* Altered Adjacencies: Saudi Arabia @ Suez (i.e. a new crossroads involving Suez, Palestine, Saudi Arabia and the Persian Gulf is created).
* Rule Change: The DP bonus for clients increases each year after every three move turns by one extra DP. This means that the DP bonus rises to +2 during the Fall 1937 season, to +3 in Spring 1939 and so on.
* Rule Change/Clarification: A Major Power may not allocate any DPs to a minor power SC it intends to support an attack against during the current game turn.

'''3.5'''
* Space Addition: Bukovina
* Rule Change: France can only spend 2 DPs in one particular minor.
* Rule Change: The DP bonus increases only after every two years.
* Rule Change: A surviving client's SCs no longer count towards its patron's SC total for victory purposes.
* Rule Change/Clarification: Minor powers created by a faction collapsing become the clients of those powers that were their patrons in 1936.
* Name Changes: Beirut > Lebanon, Tripoli > Libya, Libyan Sea > Eastern Mediterranean Sea

'''3.6'''
* Altered Adjacencies: Dobruja @ Eastern Ukraine

=Space Names and Abbreviations=

All spaces on the 1936 map, along with their abbreviations, are listed below. SCs are annotated with an asterisk (*).

Albania Alb
Alexandretta Ale
Algiers* Alg
Ankara* Ank
Archangel Agl

Austria* Aus
Belgium* Bel
Berlin* Ber
Bohemia Boh
Bosnia Bos

Brest* Bre
Bulgaria* Bul
Burgos* Brg
Burgundy Bur
Byelorussia Bye

Catalonia Cat
Cracow* Cra
Croatia* Cro
Denmark* Den
Dobruja Dob

Dodecanese Dod
Eastern Anatolia EAn
East Prussia EPr
Eastern Ukraine EUk
Edinburgh* Edi

Egypt* Egy
Estonia Est
Extremadura Ext
Finland* Fin
Franconia Fra

Gascony Gas
Gdynia* Gdy
Gibraltar Gib
Granada Gra
Greater Poland GPo

Greece* Gre
Hamburg* Ham
Hungary* Hun
Iceland Ice
Iran* Irn

Iraq* Irq
Ireland Ire
Istanbul* Ist
Izmir* Izm
Kazakhstan Kaz

Konya Kon
Kurdistan Kur
Kuweit Kuw
Latvia* Lat
Lebanon* Leb

Leningrad* Len
Leon Leo
Libya* Lib
Lithuania* Lit
Liverpool* Liv

London* Lon
Lorraine Lor
Madrid* Mad
Marseille* Mar
Milan* Mil

Morocco* Mor
Moscow* Mos
Munich* Mun
Naples* Nap
Navarra Nav

Netherlands* Net
Norway* Nwy
Palestine Pal
Paris* Par
Picardy Pic

Piedmont Pie
Pomerania Pom
Portugal* Por
Rhineland Rhi
Rome* Rom

Rumania* Rum
Sardinia Sdn
Saudi Arabia SAr
Saxony Sax
Serbia* Ser

Siberia Sib
Sicily Sic
Silesia Sil
Slovakia Svk
Slovenia Svn

Southern Algeria SAl
South Tyrol STy
Stalingrad* Sta
Suez Sue
Sweden* Swe

Switzerland* Swi
Syria Syr
Thrace Thr
Transylvania Tra
Tunisia Tun

Tuscany Tus
Valencia* Val
Venetia Ven
Volhynia Vol
Wales Wal

Warsaw* War
Western Caucasia WCa
Western Ukraine WUk
Yorkshire Yor
Adriatic Sea ADR

Aegean Sea AEG
Arctic Ocean, ARC
Atlantic Ocean ATL
Baltic Sea BAL
Bay of Biscay BOB

Black Sea BLA
Caspian Sea CAS
Eastern Mediterranean Sea EAS
English Channel ENG
Gulf of Bothnia GOB

Gulf of Danzig GOD
Gulf of Lion GOL
Ionian Sea ION
Irish Sea IRI
Levantine Sea LEV

Maltese Sea MAL
Northern North Sea NNS
Northern Tyrrhenian Sea NTS
North-Western Approaches NWA
Norwegian Sea NRG

Persian Gulf PGU
Skaggerak SKA
Southern North Sea SNS
Southern Tyrrhenian Sea STS
South-Western Approaches SWA

Western Mediterranean Sea WES

File:1936 36.gif

2017-09-18T18:37:11Z

Charlesf:

1936 v3.6

2017-09-18T18:36:05Z

Charlesf: New page: =Introduction= 1936 is a seven-player Diplomacy variant set in the mid-thirties – at a time when the precarious order established after the Great War was increasingly undermined and fina...

=Introduction=
1936 is a seven-player Diplomacy variant set in the mid-thirties – at a time when the precarious order established after the Great War was increasingly undermined and finally destroyed.

Next to the seven great powers vying for influence, the two main factions in the Spanish Civil War – the Nationalists and Republicans are playable. Nationalist Spain is controlled by its main sponsor – Italy, whereas the Soviet Union champions the cause of Republican Spain.

1936's rules are based upon those of Ambition & Empire, a variant designed by Jeff Kase and Baron Powell. As its most striking departure from Standard Diplomacy, the latter first featured armed neutrals whose actions players may secretly influence by bidding Diplomacy Points (DPs).

Should you be interested in joining or observing a future game, contact [mailto:cfeaux@gmail.com me.]

=Maps=

[[Image:1936_36.gif|frame|1936 v3.6]]

[[Image:1936 36_4.gif|frame|1936 v3.6 initial setup]]

=Inital Setup=

BRITAIN: F Edinburgh, F Gibraltar, F London, F Suez

FRANCE: A Algiers, F Brest, A Lebanon, A Marseille, A Paris

GERMANY: A Berlin, F Hamburg, A Munich

ITALY: F Libya, A Milan, F Naples, A Rome

POLAND: A Cracow, F Gdynia, A Warsaw

SOVIET UNION: F Leningrad (sc), A Moscow, A Stalingrad

TURKEY: A Ankara, A Istanbul, F Izmir

NATIONALIST SPAIN: A Burgos

REPUBLICAN SPAIN: A Valencia

=Rules=
All the rules of standard Diplomacy apply save those noted below.

==Minor Powers==

In addition to the seven Great Powers (and the Spanish factions), there also are a host of "minor powers" that represent the smaller states of Europe.

Each minor power controls one unit (two in the case of Yugoslavia) and the SCs they occupy. All minor powers start with an army except for the following minors that start with a fleet: Denmark, Greece, the Netherlands, Norway, Portugal and Sweden.

Minor power units prevent a Great Power from simply moving into an empty space and gaining control of the SC. To occupy a minor power SC, a Great Power will need to move in with support. A minor power unit that is forced to retreat is disbanded. If a Great Power does not occupy the minor power SC at the end of a Fall turn, the minor power’s unit is automatically rebuilt in the Winter.

As in standard Diplomacy, a Great Power controls a minor power SC when one of its units occupies the space after a Fall turn has been played and completed. Once a Great Power gains control of a minor power SC, it can leave the SC vacant and still keep control of it as long as that SC is not occupied by another Great Power at the close of a Fall turn.

Minor power units do nothing but hold in place, unless the unit has been ordered by a Great Power using its Diplomacy Points.

==Diplomacy Points==

Each Great Power receives a set number of Diplomacy Points (DPs) every Spring and Fall turn.

• '''France receives 5 DPs.

• '''The other Great Powers are allocated 3 DPs each.

• '''Deduct 1 DP from a Great Power's DP budget for each SC it originally owned, yet is controlled by another power. Exception: French ownership of any SC within two spaces of Lebanon (i.e. Ankara, Iraq, Suez) cancels any penalty for losing Lebanon.

• '''Deduct 1 DP from sponsor's DP budget if its corresponding faction controls fewer Spanish SCs than the opposing faction or no longer controls any Spanish SC.

A patron receives a DP bonus when allocating DPs to a client (see further below).

During each Spring and Fall turn, each Great Power may allocate DPs to minor powers that still have units on the map. '''A Great Power may only allocate one DP to a given power except for one minor power where an additional DP might be allocated (i.e. two).'''

'''A Major Power may not allocate any DPs to a minor power SC it intends to attack (or support an attack against) during the current game turn.'''

For each DP allocated, the allocating Great Power submits an order for that particular minor power’s unit. A Great Power may order a minor power to move, hold or support. '''A minor power's unit given a move order (also known as a "sortie") will not actually move. However, the move action may cut support and bounce other units. '''

'''If a minor power unit is given a move order that under Standard rules would result in it moving, the order will result in the unit remaining in its starting territory, but no other unit may retreat or move into the territory the minor successfully attacked. A unit already in the target territory at turn start will not be dislodged.'''

Unused DPs may not be carried over into the next turn. They are simply lost.

Players are not required to tell each other how they allocated their DPs. Just as with negotiations, players may honour their agreements with other players or not, as they see fit. Only the GM will know how Great Powers have allocated their DPs. DP allocation is not published in the adjudication; only the end results are published.

The GM determines how DPs have been allocated. In the event of a conflict, an order for a particular minor power’s unit is followed if it is supported by more DPs than any conflicting order. See the following examples:

<blockquote>
Example 1. ''In Spring ‘36, Germany allocates one DP to Austria to get it to support a German attack on Czechia. No other major Power allocates a DP to Austria so the Austrian unit supports the German attack on Czechia.''
</blockquote>

<blockquote>
Example 2. ''In Spring ‘36, Germany allocates one DP to Austria to get it to support a German attack on Czechia. Italy also allocates one DP to Austria to get it to support an Italian attack on Switzerland. Since Germany and Italy each allocated one DP to Austria, neither controls Austria and the Austrian army simply holds in place.''
</blockquote>

<blockquote>
Example 3. ''In Spring ‘36, Germany allocates two DPs to Austria to get it to support a German attack on Czechia. Italy allocates only one DP to Austria to get it to support an Italian attack on Switzerland. Since Germany allocated one more DP to Austria than Italy did, the Austrian support the German attack on Czechia.''
</blockquote>

<blockquote>
Example 4. ''In Spring ‘36, Germany allocates one DP to Austria to get it to support a German attack on Czechia. Italy allocates one DP to Austria to get it to support an Italian attack on Switzerland. In support of Germany, Turkey allocates one DP to Austria to get it to support the German attack on Czechia. Although Germany, Italy and Turkey each allocated one DP to Austria, the Germans get the Austrian support because the Turks supported the German diplomatic efforts with the Austrians.''
</blockquote>

==Client States==

'''Should a Great Power (patron) invest any DPs in a minor power designated as a client (i.e. lesser ally, junior partner, protectorate, state within a power's sphere of influence), those DPs are increased in value. Initially by one. After every two years, the DP bonus further increases by one. This means that the DP bonus rises to +2 during the Spring 1938 season, to +3 in Spring 1940 and so on.

A surviving client's SCs count towards its patron's SC total for victory purposes.

These are the various Great Powers' clients:

BRITAIN: Egypt, Iraq

FRANCE: Belgium, Czechoslovakia (i.e. Bohemia), Greece, Morocco, Rumania, Yugoslavia (i.e. Croatia, Serbia)

GERMANY: Austria (also a potential German build site), Bulgaria, Finland,
Hungary, Iran, Rumania

ITALY: Bulgaria, Hungary

POLAND: Rumania

SOVIET UNION: Czechoslovakia (i.e. Bohemia), Lithuania

TURKEY: Egypt

As a visual cue, minor power SC dots are partially coloured in their patron's colours. Austria's SC is fully coloured grey to account for it being also a potential German build site.

==Yugoslavia==

Yugoslavia is a minor power initially consisting of two units/SCs (i.e. A Croatia and A Serbia). As such, '''the Yugoslav A Croatia may not attack, help cut or dislodge its fellow Yugoslav unit in Serbia (and vice-versa). DPs are allocated to A Croatia or A Serbia rather than to Yugoslavia as a whole.'''

==Spain==

The Nationalists and Republicans are considered factions. Italy and the Soviet Union are their respective sponsoring Great Powers.

The Italian player submits orders for Nationalist Spain, while the Soviet player does the same for Republican Spain. However, the two powers under the control of the same player are treated for all purposes other than victory as separate powers.

Burgos, Madrid and Valencia are home supply centres for both the Nationalists and Republicans. Initially the Nationalists control Burgos, the Republicans Valencia (their respective provisional capitals), whereas Madrid is neutral and controlled by neither. There is no neutral garrison in vacant Madrid – unlike all other neutral SCs at game-start.

'''Deduct 1 DP from sponsor's DP budget if its corresponding faction controls fewer Spanish SCs (i.e. Burgos, Madrid, Valencia) than the opposing faction or no longer controls any Spanish SCs.

Factions do not receive any DPs.

Should a faction's sponsoring Great Power (Italy for the Nationalists, the Soviet Union for the Republicans) be eliminated, its faction is immediately put into civil disorder (see the below rules section). Therefore the controlling player is entirely eliminated from the game. Such a newly arising minor power becomes a major power's client if already so designated at game-start.

==Victory Conditions==

As soon as one player controls '''18 SCs''', the game ends immediately and the player representing that Great Power is the winner. If two players each gain 18 or more SCs at the same time, the player with the most SCs is considered the winner. If the two players each control the same number of SCs, the game continues until one player has 18 or more SCs and that player has more SCs than any other player.

For the purposes of this rule Italy & Nationalist Spain are considered one Great Power. The same applies to the Soviet Union & Republican Spain.

==Civil Disorder==

If a player is lost during the game, the GM is strongly encouraged to find a replacement player for the affected Great Power rather than have it lapse into civil disorder. In the event no replacement player is found and the GM declares the Great Power to be in permanent civil disorder, the following rules apply:

• All units of the Great Power in civil disorder (GPCD) are immediately disbanded.

• All SCs controlled by the GPCD that are unoccupied are immediately considered newly independent minor powers. Minor power army units are built in those minor power spaces.

• All SCs controlled by the GPCD that are occupied by a unit belonging to another Great Power are unaffected. If the occupying Great Power moves its unit out of the GPCD’s SC so that the SC is unoccupied at the conclusion of a Fall turn, a minor power army unit is built there and that SC is considered a newly independent minor power.

• For the remainder of the game, all newly independent minor powers are subject to the provisions of the Minor Powers rules. In particular, this means the new minor power can be influenced using Diplomacy Points.

• Once a Great Power is declared to be in permanent civil disorder, it may not be played by an active player again.

==Special Rules==

• The first turn of the game begins in Spring 1936.

• France may not build units in Lebanon, nor may Italy do so in Libya (as a visual cue these SCs are filled with white colour).

• Austria serves as an additional German build-site.

• Britain starts the game with a fleet located in Gibraltar, whereas there’s no unit in Liverpool.

==Map Clarifications==

• Gibraltar and the Dodecanese are sea spaces that contain land. This means that a fleet stationed in Gibraltar or in the Dodecanese can convoy an army. Equally, army movement between Gibraltar and Madrid, Grenada or Morocco is allowed. Much as between the Dodecanese and Izmir.

• Hamburg, Suez, Denmark and Istanbul are canal provinces. Hence, they have merely one coast.

• The Persian Gulf and the Atlantic Ocean are adjacent and are divided by a line in what we generally consider Red Sea. Blue bands along the map edges indicate that these portions of the Red Sea respectively belong to the Persian Gulf and the Atlantic Ocean.

'''Four-way Intersections:'''

• Sicily and Naples are adjacent as shown by the landbridge arrow. Both fleet and army movement across the Straits of Messina is possible.

• Edinburgh, Northern Ireland, the North-Western Approaches and the Irish Sea all border each other.

• Gibraltar, Morocco, the Atlantic Ocean and the South-Western Approaches all border each other.

• Sweden, the Gulf of Bothnia, the Gulf of Danzig and Baltic Sea all border each other.

• Stalingrad, Western Caucasia, the Eastern Ukraine and the Black Sea all border each other.

• Greece, the Aegean Sea, Eastern Mediterranean Sea and Ionian Sea all border each other.

== Version Changelog==

* Asterisk = SC province
* @ = adjacent to
* > = renamed

'''0.3'''
* Space Additions: Azov Sea
* Altered Adjacencies: Stalingrad @ Azov Sea

'''1.0'''
* Space Additions: Ligurian Sea, Konya, Georgia, Trentino, Transylvania, Slovenia, Bosnia, Thrace, Dobruja, Abruzzi, Lorraine
* Space Removals: Armenia, Adana, Sevastopol, Cologne, Venetia
* Name Change: African Coastal Waters > Atlantic Ocean, Mid-Atlantic Ocean > South-Western Approaches, North-Atlantic Ocean > Northwestern Approaches, Saxony > Thuringia, Kiel > Hamburg
* Altered Adjacencies: Ankara @ Levantine Coastal Waters, Atlantic Ocean @ Ireland, Northwestern Approaches, Madrid @ Navarra, Berlin @ Czechia
* Rule Change:

'''1.1'''
* Space Additions: Gulf of Sidra
* Name Change: Thuringia > Saxony, Eastern Mediterranean > Libyan Sea
* Altered Adjacencies: Saxony @ Silesia, Pomerania

'''1.2'''
* Space Additions: Western Ukraine, Eastern Ukraine
* Space Removals: Ukraine
* Altered Adjacencies: Greater Poland @ Berlin, Saxony

'''1.3'''
* Name Change: Trentino > South Tyrol
* Altered Adjacencies: Rome @ Austria

'''1.6'''
* Space Additions: Tuscany, Northern Tyrrhenian Sea, Southern Tyrrhenian Sea, Bavaria
* Space Removals: Abruzzi
* Name Change: Munich > Frankfurt
* Altered Adjacencies: Bosnia @ Adriatic Sea
* Rule Change: Minor powers may be ordered to move.

'''1.7'''
* Space Additions: Lodz
* Altered Adjacencies: Silesia @ Berlin, Pomerania

'''1.8'''
* Space Additions: Venetia
* Rule Change: Suez becomes a British Home-SC.

'''1.9'''
* Space Additions: Northern Ireland
* Rule Change: The great powers are given minor powers as clients.

'''2.0'''
* Space Removals: Gulf of Sidra, Venetia
* Name Change: Saxony > Central Germany, Bavaria > Bavarian Ostmark
* Altered Adjacencies: Libyan Sea no longer adjacent to Greece, Central Germany @ Rhineland

'''2.1'''
* Rule Change: Finland, Latvia no longer Polish clients, Greece no longer French client, Lithuania Soviet client

'''2.2'''
* Space Additions: Venetia
* Altered Adjacencies: Rome no longer @ Milan.

'''2.3'''
* Space Removals: Heligoland Bight
* Altered Adjacencies: Paris @ Marseille, Belgium, English Channel @ Netherlands

'''2.4'''
* Name Change: Bavarian Ostmark > Franconia

'''2.5'''
* Rule Change: Iran is no longer a Turkish client.

'''2.6'''
* Space Additions: Northern North Sea, Southern North Sea
* Space Removals: North Sea

'''2.7'''
* Space Additions: Extremadura, Leon
* Space Removals: Galicia, Lodz
* Altered Adjacencies: Warsaw @ Czechia, Cracow no longer adjacent to Rumania.

'''2.8'''
* Altered Adjacencies: Cracow @ Rumania, Cracow @ Silesia

'''2.9'''
* Name Change: Georgia > Western Caucasia, Arabian Sea > Persian Gulf, Czechia > Bohemia
* Altered Adjacencies: Cracow not @ Rumania
* Rule Change: Client SCs count towards their patron's SC count for victory purposes.
* Rule Change: Minus 1 DP for each originally controlled SC under enemy control. If the Nationalists (or the Republicans) no longer control a single Spanish SC, Italy (or the Soviet Union) loses 1 DP.
* Rule Change: A victorious Spain only receives 1 DP instead of 3.
* Rule Change: The DP bonus for clients increases each year after 1937 by one extra DP.

'''3.0'''
* Altered Adjacencies: Libyan Sea @ Greece
* Rule Change: Greece becomes a French client.

'''3.1'''
* Name Change: Central Germany > Saxony, Thrace > Macedonia
* Altered Adjacencies: Munich @ Hamburg
* Rule Change: Finland and Iran become German clients.

'''3.2'''
* Rule Change: Rumania becomes also a German client (next to being a French and Polish one).

'''3.3'''
* Space Addition: Maltese Sea
* Rule Change: No more DPs for a victorious Spain. Instead a faction's sponsoring power gets one DP less if its faction has zero Spanish SCs or controls fewer of these than the opposing faction.
* Rule Change: Deduct 1 DP from a Great Power's DP budget for each SC it originally owned, yet now is controlled by another power. Exception: French ownership of any SC within two spaces of Beirut (i.e. Ankara, Iraq, Suez) cancels any penalty for losing Beirut.

'''3.4'''
* Altered Adjacencies: Saudi Arabia @ Suez (i.e. a new crossroads involving Suez, Palestine, Saudi Arabia and the Persian Gulf is created).
* Rule Change: The DP bonus for clients increases each year after every three move turns by one extra DP. This means that the DP bonus rises to +2 during the Fall 1937 season, to +3 in Spring 1939 and so on.
* Rule Change/Clarification: A Major Power may not allocate any DPs to a minor power SC it intends to support an attack against during the current game turn.

'''3.5'''
* Rule Change: France can only spend 2 DPs in one particular minor.
* Rule Change: The DP bonus increases only after every two years.
* Rule Change: A surviving client's SCs no longer count towards its patron's SC total for victory purposes.
* Rule Change/Clarification: Minor powers created by a faction collapsing become the clients of those powers that were their patrons in 1936.
* Name Changes: Beirut > Lebanon, Tripoli > Libya, Libyan Sea > Eastern Mediterranean Sea

'''3.6'''
* Altered Adjacencies: Dobruja @ Eastern Ukraine

=Space Names and Abbreviations=

All spaces on the 1936 map, along with their abbreviations, are listed below. SCs are annotated with an asterisk (*).

Albania Alb
Alexandretta Ale
Algiers* Alg
Ankara* Ank
Archangel Agl

Austria* Aus
Belgium* Bel
Berlin* Ber
Bohemia Boh
Bosnia Bos

Brest* Bre
Bulgaria* Bul
Burgos* Brg
Burgundy Bur
Byelorussia Bye

Catalonia Cat
Cracow* Cra
Croatia* Cro
Denmark* Den
Dobruja Dob

Dodecanese Dod
Eastern Anatolia EAn
East Prussia EPr
Eastern Ukraine EUk
Edinburgh* Edi

Egypt* Egy
Estonia Est
Extremadura Ext
Finland* Fin
Franconia Fra

Gascony Gas
Gdynia* Gdy
Gibraltar Gib
Granada Gra
Greater Poland GPo

Greece* Gre
Hamburg* Ham
Hungary* Hun
Iceland Ice
Iran* Irn

Iraq* Irq
Ireland Ire
Istanbul* Ist
Izmir* Izm
Kazakhstan Kaz

Konya Kon
Kurdistan Kur
Kuweit Kuw
Latvia* Lat
Lebanon* Leb

Leningrad* Len
Leon Leo
Libya* Lib
Lithuania* Lit
Liverpool* Liv

London* Lon
Lorraine Lor
Madrid* Mad
Marseille* Mar
Milan* Mil

Morocco* Mor
Moscow* Mos
Munich* Mun
Naples* Nap
Navarra Nav

Netherlands* Net
Norway* Nwy
Palestine Pal
Paris* Par
Picardy Pic

Piedmont Pie
Pomerania Pom
Portugal* Por
Rhineland Rhi
Rome* Rom

Rumania* Rum
Sardinia Sdn
Saudi Arabia SAr
Saxony Sax
Serbia* Ser

Siberia Sib
Sicily Sic
Silesia Sil
Slovakia Svk
Slovenia Svn

Southern Algeria SAl
South Tyrol STy
Stalingrad* Sta
Suez Sue
Sweden* Swe

Switzerland* Swi
Syria Syr
Thrace Thr
Transylvania Tra
Tunisia Tun

Tuscany Tus
Valencia* Val
Venetia Ven
Volhynia Vol
Wales Wal

Warsaw* War
Western Caucasia WCa
Western Ukraine WUk
Yorkshire Yor
Adriatic Sea ADR

Aegean Sea AEG
Arctic Ocean, ARC
Atlantic Ocean ATL
Baltic Sea BAL
Bay of Biscay BOB

Black Sea BLA
Caspian Sea CAS
Eastern Mediterranean Sea EAS
English Channel ENG
Gulf of Bothnia GOB

Gulf of Danzig GOD
Gulf of Lion GOL
Ionian Sea ION
Irish Sea IRI
Levantine Sea LEV

Maltese Sea MAL
Northern North Sea NNS
Northern Tyrrhenian Sea NTS
North-Western Approaches NWA
Norwegian Sea NRG

Persian Gulf PGU
Skaggerak SKA
Southern North Sea SNS
Southern Tyrrhenian Sea STS
South-Western Approaches SWA

Western Mediterranean Sea WES

0 to D Variant Names

2017-09-18T18:28:40Z

Charlesf:

* [[1600]]
* [[1648 v30]]
* [[1648 v33]]
* [[1648 v35]]
* [[1648 v3.7]]
* [[1648 v4.3]]
* [[1648 v4.4]]
* [[1648 v4.6]]
* [[1648 v4.8]]
* [[1648 v4.9]]
* [[1648 v5.0]]
* [[1648 v5.1]]
* [[1648 v5.5]]
* [[1648 v5.6]]
* [[1648 v5.7]]
* [[1648 v5.8]]
* [[1648 v6.5]]
* [[1648 v7.3]]
* [[1648 v7.5]]
* [[1648 v7.6]]
* [[1648 v8.2]]
* [[1648 v8.4]]
* [[1648 v8.5]]
* [[1648 v8.6]]
* [[1648 v8.8]]
* [[1648 v8.9]]
* [[1720]]
* [[1847]]
* [[1885]]
* [[1897]]
* [[1898]]
* [[1900]]
* [[1913]]
* [[1926]]
* [[1936 v1.1]]
* [[1936 v1.3]]
* [[1936 v1.5]]
* [[1936 v1.7]]
* [[1936 v2.0]]
* [[1936 v2.2]]
* [[1936 v2.5]]
* [[1936 v2.6]]
* [[1936 v2.9]]
* [[1936 v3.3]]
* [[1936 v3.4]]
* [[1936 v3.5]]
* [[1936 v3.6]]
* [[1939]]
* 1939.Blitzkrieg, see: [[Blitzkrieg]]
* [[30JK Diplomacy]] (30 years war)
* [[7 Island]]
* [[Aberration]]
* [[Abstraction2]]
* [[Aegean]]
* [[African Diplomacy]] (I and II)
* [[African Riots]]
* [[Ambition and Empire]]
* Americas, see: [[War in the Americas]]
* [[Anarchy]]
* [[Ancient Mediterranean]]
* [[Ancient World]]
* [[Aotearoa]]
* [[Arctic]]
* [[Arab]]
* [[Asia]]
* [[Babylon 5]]
* [[Balkan]]
* [[Balkans1860]]
* [[Balkan War]]
* [[Baltic]]
* [[Black Hole]] (3 variations)
* [[Blitzkrieg]]
* [[Bourse]]
* [[Britain]]
* [[Canton]]
* [[Canton 3]]
* [[Catspaw]]
* [[Chaos]]
* [[ChessDip]]
* [[Chicago]]
* [[Chromatic]]
* [[CivDip|Civilization Diplomacy]]
* [[Classical]]
* [[Cold War]]
* [[Colonia VIIb]]
* [[Colonial]]
* [[Confederate]]
* [[Congress of Vienna]]
* [[Conquest Of The Americas]]
* [[Consolidation 1865]]
* [[Crisis]]
* [[Crowded]]
* [[Crusades]]
* [[Crystal Ball]]
* [[Dark Ages]]
* [[Deluge]]
* [[Deutsches Reich 1871]]
* [[Diplomyddiaeth Gymreig]]
* [[Diplowinn]]
* [[Double Diplomacy]]
* [[Duo]]

'''Other Variants:'''
* [[Build Variations]]
* [[E to L Variant Names]]
* [[M to S Variant Names]]
* [[T to Z Variant Names]]
* [[Variants by Subject]]

1648 v8.9

2017-06-05T16:50:35Z

Charlesf: /* Version Changelog since v2.0 */

[[Category:Variant]]
= Introduction =

1648 is a nine-player Diplomacy variant set in Europe following the Peace of Westphalia, the first adjucated season being Spring 1649.

1648's rules are based upon those of Ambition & Empire, a variant designed by Jeff Kase and Baron Powell. As its most striking departure from Standard Diplomacy, the latter first featured armed neutrals whose actions players may secretly influence by bidding Diplomacy Points (DPs).

Should you be interested in joining or observing a future game, contact [mailto:cfeaux@gmail.com me.]

= Maps =

The map (v8.9) with starting units:

[[Image:1648_88 units.gif]]

The map (v8.9) with space abbreviations:

[[Image:1648_89.gif]]

= Rules =

All the rules of standard Diplomacy apply save those noted below:

== Great Powers ==
===Initial Setup===

Austria: A Prague, F Trieste, A Vienna.
Denmark-Norway: F Christiania, F Copenhagen, A Holstein.
England: F Bristol, F London.
France: F Brest, A Marseilles, A Paris.
Poland-Lithuania: A Cracow, A Vilna, A Warsaw.
Russia (Muscovy): A Moscow, A Novgorod, A Voronezh.
Spain: A Flanders, A Madrid, F Naples, F Seville.
Sweden: A Abo, A Riga, A Stettin, F Stockholm (East Coast).
Turkey (Ottoman Empire): A Belgrade, F Constantinople, A Damascus.

=== Home Supply Centers (HSCs) ===

Austria: Prague, Trieste, Vienna.
Denmark-Norway: Christiania, Copenhagen, Holstein.
England: Bristol, London.
France: Brest, Marseille, Paris.
Poland-Lithuania: Cracow, Vilna, Warsaw.
Russia (Muscovy): Moscow, Novgorod, Voronezh.
Spain: Madrid, Naples, Seville.
Sweden: Abo, Riga, Stettin, Stockholm.
Turkey (Ottoman Empire): Belgrade, Constantinople, Damascus.

Flanders is not considered a Spanish HSC and therefore does not serve as a Spanish build site.

These great powers may also build (once controlled) in:

Austria: Croatia, Transylvania.
Denmark-Norway: Oldenburg.
England: Brunswick, Holland, Ireland, Morocco, Scotland.
France: Flanders, Lorraine, Savoy.
Poland-Lithuania: Courland, Ducal Prussia, Moldavia, Wallachia.
Russia (Muscovy): Ukraine, Crimea.
Spain: Tuscany.
Sweden: Brandenburg.
Turkey (Ottoman Empire): Algiers, Tunis.

== Minor Powers ==

In addition to the nine Great Powers, there is also a host of "minor powers", which are non-player neutral Supply Centres (SCs) representing the smaller states of Europe, North Africa and the Near East. These include (space names in bold) the following:

* The Regency of '''Algiers''' (an autonomous province of the Ottoman Empire)
* The Electorate of '''Bavaria'''
* The Electorate of '''Brandenburg'''
* The Duchy of '''Brunswick'''
* The Venetian Colony of '''Candia'''
* The Duchy of '''Courland''' (an autonomous fiefdom of Poland-Lithuania)
* Kingdom of '''Croatia''' (representing independent-minded nobles and corsairs)
* The '''Rhineland''' (representing various territories belonging to the Lower-Rhenish, Electoral Rhenish and Lower Saxonian imperial circles)
* The Khanate of '''Crimea''' (a vassal state of the Ottoman Empire that includes the lands of the Crimean and Nagay Tatars)
* '''Holland'''(representing the United Provinces of the Netherlands)
* The Kingdom of '''Ireland'''
* The Duchy of '''Lorraine'''
* '''Mecklenburg''' (representing the Duchies of Mecklenburg)
* The Principality of '''Moldavia'''
* The Sultanate of '''Morocco'''
* The '''Papal States'''
* The Shahdom of '''Persia'''
* The Kingdom of '''Portugal'''
* The Duchy of '''Prussia''' (an autonomous fiefdom of Poland-Lithuania, called "Ducal Prussia" in the game as there's also a "Royal Prussia" space)
* The Duchy of '''Savoy'''
* The Electorate of '''Saxony'''
* The Kingdom of '''Scotland'''
* '''Swabia''' (representing various territories belonging to the Swabian and Upper Rhenish imperial circles)
* The Swiss Confederation ('''Switzerland''')
* The Principality of '''Transylvania'''
* The Regency of '''Tunis''' (an autonomous province of the Ottoman Empire)
* The Khanates of '''Turkestan'''
* The Grand Duchy of '''Tuscany'''
* The Republic of '''Venice'''
* The Cossack Hetmanate of the '''Ukraine'''
* The Principality of '''Wallachia'''

Each minor power, although a "non-player," starts with a unit (unit colour is white). All minor powers start with an army except for the following minors that start with a fleet: Algiers, Candia, Courland, Ducal Prussia, Holland, Morocco, Portugal, Scotland, Tunis and Venice.

Minor power units prevent a Great Power from simply moving into an empty space and gaining control of the SC. To occupy a minor power SC, a Great Power will need to move in with support. A minor power unit that is forced to retreat is disbanded. If a Great Power does not occupy the minor power SC at the end of a Fall turn, the minor power’s unit is automatically rebuilt in the Winter.

A Great Power controls a minor power SC when one of its units occupies the space after a Fall turn has been played and completed. Once a Great Power gains control of a minor power SC, it can leave the SC vacant and still keep control of it as long as that SC is not occupied by another Great Power at the close of a Fall turn.

Minor power units do nothing but hold in place, unless the unit has been ordered by a Great Power using its Diplomacy Points.

== Diplomacy Points ==

Each Great Power receives a set number of Diplomacy Points (DPs) every Spring and Fall turn. '''France gets 5 DPs, while the other Great Power are allocated 3 DPs each. Deduct 1 DP from a Great Power's DP budget for each SC it originally owned, yet is controlled by another power.'''

During each Spring and Fall turn, each Great Power may allocate DPs to minor powers that still have units on the map. '''A Great Power may only allocate one DP to a given power except for one minor power where an additional DP might be allocated (i.e. two).'''

'''A Major Power may not allocate any DPs to a minor power SC it intends to attack (or support an attack against) during the current game turn.'''

For each DP allocated, the allocating Great Power submits an order for that particular minor power’s unit. A Great Power may order a minor power to move, hold or support. '''A minor power's unit given a move order (also known as a "sortie") will not actually move. However, the move action may cut support and bounce other units.'''

'''If a minor power unit is given a move order that under Standard rules would result in it moving, the order will result in the unit remaining in its starting territory, but no other unit may retreat or move into the territory the minor successfully attacked. A unit already in the target territory at turn start will not be dislodged.'''

The GM determines how DPs have been allocated. In the event of a conflict, an order for a particular minor power’s unit is followed if it is supported by more DPs than any conflicting order.

'''For a sortie order for a client minor power to be considered by the GM when determining which order that minor power will execute, the sortie needs to be backed by its patron OR requires two or more DPs from other great powers. No such restrictions are in place for non-client minor powers.'''

Unused DPs may not be carried over into the next turn. They are simply lost.

Players are not required to tell each other how they allocated their DPs. Just as with negotiations, players may honour their agreements with other players or not, as they see fit. Only the GM will know how Great Powers have allocated their DPs. DP allocation is not published in the adjudication; only the end results are published.

Example:
<blockquote>
''In Spring 1649, Austria allocates one DP to Swabia to get it to support an Austrian attack on Bavaria. France allocates one DP to Swabia to get it to support a French attack on Lorraine. In support of Austria, Spain allocates one DP to Swabia to get it to support the Austrian attack on Bavaria. Although Austria, France and Spain each allocated one DP to Swabia, the Austrians get the Swabian support because the Spaniards supported the Austrian diplomatic efforts with the Swabians.''</blockquote>

== Clients==

A minor power may be a client (or junior ally) of a great power (i.e. patron, senior ally).

Benefits of being a minor power's patron:

* '''Any DPs a patron allocates to a client are initially boosted by one in value. After every two years this bonus increases by one (i.e. the DP bonus rises to 2 for the Spring 1651 season, to 3 for the Spring 1653 season, etc).

These are the respective powers' clients:

Austria: Candia, Persia.
England: Ireland, Portugal, Scotland.
France: Bavaria, Lorraine, Rhineland, Transylvania, Venice.
Poland-Lithuania: Moldavia, Saxony, Wallachia.
Russia: Turkestan.
Sweden: Mecklenburg, Swabia, Ukraine.
Turkey (Ottoman Empire): Algiers, Crimea, Tunis.

== Victory Conditions ==

As soon as one Great Power controls '''18 SCs''', the game ends immediately and the player representing that Great Power is the winner.

If two Great Powers each gain control of 18 or more SCs at the same time, the player representing the Great Power with the most SCs is considered the winner. If the two Great Powers each control the same number of SCs, the game continues until one player has 18 or more SCs and that player has more SCs than any other player.

Players may terminate the game by mutual agreement before a winner is determined. If this occurs, any decision reached by the players (e.g. concede game to one player, concede game to an alliance) must be accepted unanimously. If the players cannot agree, all players who still have pieces on the board when the game ends share equally in a draw.

== Map Clarifications ==

• Constantinople, Copenhagen, Ingria and Scania are canal provinces and hence fleets located there are not designated as being on any particular coast. Note the Neva river (a thick blue line) runs through Ingria.

• River Don: Fleets may move from Voronezh (wc) to Crimea and vice versa.

• Red arrows indicate that two spaces are adjacent to another.

• Constantinople encompasses Northwestern Anatolia, much of mainland Greece and Thrace as well as the Sea of Marmara. So the space borders the Ionian Sea (among other spaces) to the West.

• Note that the Atlantic and Indian Oceans adjoin. In other words, fleets may "circumnavigate Africa".

• Ducal Prussia and Courland are adjacent, whereas the Baltic Sea and Samogitia are not.

== Civil Disorder (Optional Rule) ==

If a player is lost during the game, the GM is strongly encouraged to find a replacement player for the affected Great Power rather than have it lapse into civil disorder. In the event no replacement player is found and the GM declares the Great Power to be in permanent civil disorder, the following rules apply:

* All units of the Great Power in civil disorder (GPCD) are immediately disbanded.
* All SCs controlled by the GPCD that are unoccupied are immediately considered newly independent minor powers. Minor power army units are built in those minor power spaces.
* All SCs controlled by the GPCD that are occupied by a unit belonging to another Great Power are unaffected. If the occupying Great Power moves its unit out of the GPCD’s SC so that the SC is unoccupied at the conclusion of a Fall turn, a minor power army unit is built there and that SC is considered a newly independent minor power.
* For the remainder of the game, all newly independent minor powers are subject to the provisions of regarding minor powers. In particular, this means the new minor power can be influenced using Diplomacy Points and are considered a power's client if so designated on the map.
* Once a Great Power is declared to be in permanent civil disorder, it may not be played by an active player again.

= Game Notes =

Two detailed articles about the variant may be found in previous DIPLOMACY WORLD issues:

[http://www.diplomacyworld.net/pdf/dw106.pdf First Article]

[http://www.diplomacyworld.net/pdf/dw107.pdf Second Article]

Note that these articles are based on an earlier variant version.

== Brief Introduction to the Major Powers ==

===Austria===
* Emperor Ferdinand III (1637-57)
* Head of Privy Council: Max, Count Trauttmannsdorff (1634-50)

''AUSTRIA is bang in the centre of the map. Lots of growth options (especially HRE, Italy, South-Eastern "Borderlands" minor power cluster), but doesn't really have the prospect of ever establishing a secure edge position.

===Denmark-Norway===
* King Frederick III

''DENMARK-NORWAY is stringed along a North-South Axis. Effectively sandwiched between England and Sweden. Well-positioned to expand southwards into the HRE goodies. But that further stretches DN on that vertical axis. So at some point Denmark will have to consolidate a more compact position by either turning East or West. Position favours a nice mix of fleets and armies.

===Commonwealth of England===
* Oliver Cromwell (Lord Protector, 1653-58)

''ENGLAND starts off smaller than any other power. But in a good position to secure her Celtic backyard and thus gain those extra build sites. A major advantage balancing her modest initial size is that she holds considerable diplomatic trump cards. Danish-Swedish and Franco-Spanish relations have a lot of in-built friction. That's something Cromwell needs to exploit to good effect. Under wise rule, England will often prosper (as in the present game). Intially small, diplomatically favoured, most navally oriented power, island position: Those factors make England very unique.

===France===
* King Louis XIV, the Sun King (1643-1715)
* Chief Minister: Jules Mazarin (1643-61)

''FRANCE enjoys the most compact starting-position of any power. All three initial SCs adjoin. This considerably helps home defence. Louis XIV is well-positioned to secure Lorraine, a potential French build site. Good access to the central minor power cluster. Plus access to the Atlantic sphere. One key question the Sun-King will have to adress is how to deal with Spain - a power which half-encircles "la hexagone". A Franco-Spanish alliance could be very strong. But the temptation for either power to attack the other is also there. Already a sortie by the Brest fleet into the Cantabrian Sea creates considerable difficulties for Spain. Though a move to ENG is also strong and might smother England before Cromwell can consolidate his position. More defensive play might mean bouncing A Flanders in Normandy and thus concentrating on the East for early builds. Successful eastward expansion could bring France into collision course with the Emperor. Indeed seizing the Imperial Crown is possible! But one can also nicely divide the central spoils with Austria: Lorraine, Switzerland and Savoy being within the French sphere, Swabia possibly left as a minor power buffer and Austria taking Saxony-Bavaria-Venice. With such an arrangement extended by France taking Tuscany and Austria the Papal States, the only place where the two spheres immediately touch would be on the Tus-Pap border. A perfectly sustainable arrangement for both, allowing France to focus on other theatres of operations. Or not, if France opts for a continued push eastwards.... I believe France faces lots of interesting challenges and options. Compact, somewhat more land-based than naval orientation, interesting question regarding Spanish "encirclement", Turkey very much a natural ally... Some key facets of France's position.

===Poland-Lithuania===
* King John II Casimir (1648-68)

''POLAND-LITHUANIA is a central power. Key for her is the Russo-Swedish-Polish triangle. I rate Austria and Denmark as natural allies. Good access to minor powers. A whopping three additional potential build sites promises considerable flexibility. Very much a land-based power. Non-contiguous home SCs somewhat complicate home defence. Though Warsaw is the only great power home SC no other rival can threaten within the opening year. So that compensates for Vilna being fairly vulnerable to attack. Relations with Russia are tricky. A bit like Austro-Turkish relations in Standard. Though with Sweden and Turkey on Russia's flanks, there are ways to keep the Czar honest without actually storming the East. Though if doing so, Poland might anchor her position along the map edge.

===Russia (Muscovy)===
* Tsar Alexis (1645-76)

''RUSSIA enjoys an edge position. But it may not feel like one. For, by design, it's nothing like the fairly secure corner position Standard's "witches" can call their own. Russia is best-placed to seize the Crimea. A potential Russian build site. The Polish-Swedish-Russian triangle (or Baltic quadrangle, if you include Denmark in the equation) is a key concern for the Czar. Courland being a point of Polish-Swedish contention presents considerable diplomatic opportunity. Regarding the Sublime Porte, Russia arguably holds the better diplomatic cards in that it can more gravely threaten Turkey than vice versa. Austria and especially Spain might prove very handy allies in a crusading campaign. A more secure edge position beckons following such a campaign. And would make Central Asia (Persia, Turkestan) an undisputed Russian domain. Russia is among the least maritime-oriented powers. But it has immediate access to the Northern Seas, potential access to the Baltic and Black Seas (also Caspian, but that is very much a backwater which very rarely should see any action).

===Spain===
* King Phillip IV (1621-65)

''SPAIN is all over the place! Flanders and Naples are very far removed from Iberia. Of these, Naples is far more important. Indeed, I rate Naples as Spain's most useful home SC. Building an empire in the Central Mediterranean may be key to Spanish success. As for Flanders, it's not even a home SC! So really no prospect of reinforcements there. It's more of a diplomatic pawn than a base for sustained expansion. So A Flanders should best be viewed as being subservient to Spain's wider cause. The Army of Flanders could indeed prove a useful wandering nomad. Spain's fundamentally a Mediterreanean power. She will try to secure the Maghreb for herself and link up Iberia with Naples. Naturally such Mediterranean ambitions impinge on Turkish interests. Spain's nightmare is a Franco-Turkish alliance against her. As such, any attack of hers against either could see the other quickly joining the party. This danger seriously complicates plans for attacking either and means that Spain should adopt a very broad diplomatic outlook, making sure France and Turkey are kept preoccupied in other theatres of operations. Spain, yet more than other powers, needs to play the whole board! Spanish summary: Far-flung domains, four initial units, threat of Franco-Turkish alliance, generally naval orientation, needs to play the "whole board" yet more than others, generally perceived as strong and as such probably often at a disadvantage in DP contests, can consolidate a powerful Mediterranean corner position.

===Sweden===
* Queen Christine (1632-54)

''SWEDEN shares two characteristics with Spain: Both have four non-contiguous initial SCs. Though these are all arrayed around the Baltic. As such, turning the Baltic into a Swedish lake should be a priority. Denmark most immediately poses a threat to such Baltic hegemony, but so might Russia and Poland further down the road. As for expansion at the expense of minor powers, Stockholm might not have the easiest time of it. In Northern Germany, Sweden has the first claim to Brandenburg, but beyond that SC, it'd be stepping on other powers' toes. Indeed, the HRE might be described as a dangerous pool of sharks. Especially the two Scandinavians' spheres of interest tend to overlap there. As for the Baltic SC cluster (Ducal Prussia, Courland), expansion there poses potential difficulties with Poland. In brief: Sweden may be envied by others for starting off with four units. But in all likelihood with have to work harder for her first gains! Indeed, such are those difficulties that Sweden may be among those powers most ready to immediately invade another great power. The position thus encourages early aggressive play as befits Vasa warrior-kings!

===Turkey===
* Sultan Mehmed IV, the Hunter (1648-87
* Regent: Kösem Sultan
* Grand Vizier: Sofu Mehmed Pasha (1648-49)

''TURKEY might consider itself a corner power. But that corner is initially very vulnerable. Her neighbours have good reason not to let her consolidate that corner position. To the West, the two Habsburg powers are natural allies. They could very effectively pool DPs. The Venetians on Crete could thus help the Spaniards storm Constantinople. Or the Wallachians ease the Austrians' path into Belgrade. And then there's the Czar... Any move by the Czar into Armenia will cause the Sultan fits! So while Turkey benefits from plenty of growth options around her, I'd say no other power is as vulnerable to a devastating opening attack. If the Sultan overcomes that initial vulnerability, then much can be made of that position. Armies and fleets may well play an equal role in Turkish plans. Perhaps moreso than any other power. Diplomatically speaking, France is very much a natural ally. And Spain arguably the most dangerous foe. The Med may often amount to an expensive Turkish-Spanish zero-sum contest and may often be Turkey's primary theatre of operations.
''

== Version Changelog since v2.0==

* Asterisk = SC province
* @ = adjacent to
* > = renamed

'''2.1'''
* Space Additions: Karelia, Persia*, Polotsk, Trondheim, Tunis*, Urals
* Space Removals: Archangel, Foix, Lancashire, Lyon*, Smolensk
* Altered Adjacencies: Constantinope* @ Belgrade*/Illyria, Leon @ Gascony/Aragon, Novgorod* @ Norwegian Sea, Seville @ Morocco, Voronezh @ Armenia/Persia*
* Name Change: Vitebsk > Smolensk

'''2.2'''
* Space Additions: Caspian Sea, Mesopotamia, Sardinia
* Altered Adjacencies: Astrakhan @ Persia*

'''2.3'''
* Altered Adjacencies: Christiania* @ Lapland
* Name Changes: Trondheim > Northern Norway

'''2.5'''
* Space Additions: Azerbaijan, Candia*, Permia, Turkestan*
* Altered Adjacencies: Norwegian Sea @ Karelia, Novgorod*, Permia
* Name Change: Urals > Siberia

'''2.8'''
* Space Additions: Hesse, Lower Saxony*

'''2.9'''
* Space Additions: Cantabrian Sea, Sicily
* Altered Adjacencies: Flanders* @ North Sea, Bavaria* @ Saxony*

'''3.0'''
* Space Addition: Lake Ladoga

'''3.1'''
* Space Additions: Gulf of Sidra, Luxembourg, Strait of Sicily
* Altered Adjacencies: Lombardy @ Papal States*, Paris @ Luxembourg

'''3.2'''
* Space Additions: Franconia, Royal Prussia
* Altered Adjacencies: Armenia @ Karaman
* Name Changes: Normandy > Picardy, Prussia > Ducal Prussia

'''3.3'''
* Space Additions: Onega, Smolensk
* Altered Adjacencies: Moscow* @ Norwegian Sea/Permia
* Name Changes: Polotsk > Polish Livonia, Smolensk (old space) > Vitebsk

'''3.4'''
* Rules Change: Victory criterion lowered from 18 to 15 SCs
* Space Additions: Arabia, Indian Ocean, Sahara, Terra Incognita (impassable)
* Altered Adjacencies: Damascus @ Indian Ocean (thereby bicoastal), Franconia @ Hesse
* Name Changes: Eastern Mediterranean Sea > Levantine Sea, Western Mediterranean Sea > Barbary Sea, Mid-Atlantic Ocean > Atlantic Ocean, North-Atlantic Ocean > Caledonian Ocean, North Sea > German Sea

'''3.5'''
* Rules Change: England is entitled to 3 DPs each (rather than just 2) for the opening year's spring and fall seasons.
* Space Additions: Black Ruthenia
* Altered Adjacencies: Brest* @ Marseille*

'''3.6'''
* Space Additions: Extremadura, La Mancha
* Altered Adjacencies: Lombardy @ Tyrolia

'''3.7'''
* Rules Change: Victory criterion increased from 15 to 16 SCs
* Altered Adjacencies: Black Ruthenia @ White Ruthenia
* Name Changes: Rhineland-Westphalia > Rhineland, Marseilles > Marseille
* Cosmetic Map Change: Lombardy's borders redrawn so as to include the Free State of Grisons (i.e. the later Swiss canton of Graubünden) instead of a portion of Venetian territory.

'''4.3'''
* Rules Change: HRE-specific rules abolished
* Space Additions: Albania, Bosnia, Styria
* Space Removals: Azerbaijan, Devon (incorporated into London), Illyria, Onega
* Altered Adjacencies: Astrakhan @ Siberia, Moscow @ Severia & White Ruthenia, Novgorod @ Karelia, Permia & Siberia, Belgrade @ Adriatic Sea

'''4.4'''
* Rules Change: France gets 6 DPs, while the other Great Powers receive only 3.
* Altered Adjacencies: Franconia @ Vienna

'''4.6'''
* Space Removals: Styria

'''4.8'''
* Rules Change: Victory criterion increased from 16 to 17 SCs
* New Minor Power: Croatia (i.e promoted to SC/minor power status)
* Space Removals: Gulf of Sirte
* Altered Adjacencies: Bristol @ Ireland

'''4.9'''
* Rules Change: Victory criterion increased from 17 to 18 SCs
* Space Additions: Cornwall

'''5.0'''
* Rules Change: Certain powers have vassals. Their DPs allocated to these are increased by one in value. Once controlled, the vassal's SC serves its overlord as a build site.
* Space Additions: Styria
* Space Removals: Cornwall
* Altered Adjacencies: Bristol no longer borders Ireland

'''5.1'''
* Vassal Status Change: Croatia is considered a Turkish vassal.
* Unit Change: Austria starts with a fleet in Trieste instead of an army.

'''5.4'''
* Space Addition: Gulf of Venice

'''5.5'''
* Altered Adjacencies: Levantine Sea @ Strait of Sicily & Tunis.
* Rules Change: Victory requires not only 18 SCs, but also 2 more SCs than the second-strongest power.

'''5.6'''
* Space Additions: Anhalt, East Frisia, Brunswick
* Space Removal: Lower Saxony

'''5.7'''
* Space Removal: Yorkshire
* Rules Change: A surviving vassal's SCs count for victory purposes towards its suzerain's SC total.
* Rules Change: Minor powers may perform sorties. At least one player needs to spend two DPs on a sortie order for it to be valid.

'''5.8'''
* Vassal Status Change: Ducal Prussia is no longer a Polish vassal. Nor is Savoy a French one anymore.
* Rules Change: France's DP budget is reduced from 6 to 5 DPs.
* Rules Change: The DP bonus increases by one after every three turns.
* Rules Change: -1 DP penalty for each originally owned SC which is foreign-controlled.
* Rules Change: Certain powers have junior allies. Their DPs allocated to these are increased after every three turns by 1 in value.
* Rules Change: HRE minors count towards Austria's victory tally. Austria also receives beginning with Fall 1650 a DP bonus for these.
* Ally Additions: Bavaria, Portugal, Rhineland, Savoy, Transylvania become French allies.
* Build Site Additions: Croatia and Transylvania for Austria, Ducal Prussia and Moldavia for Poland, Crimea and Ukraine for Russia.

'''6.5'''
* Rule Change: Remote Turkestan Rule
* Rule Change: 2 DPs only in one minor power. Rule geared towards limiting France's advantage.
* Rule Change: May no longer allocate DPs to a minor one intends to support an attack against.
* Abolished Rule: "If, during a Spring or Fall turn, a Great Power allocates more DPs to minor powers than it is entitled to, all of that Great Power’s DPs are forfeited for that particular turn."
* Rules Change: Vassals and Allies now effectively operate the same way. Only feature: Increasing DP bonus for patron. No more impact on victory for vassals/allies/imperial subjects.
* Ally Changes: Ukraine Russian instead of Polish, Portugal English instead of French, Croatia no longer Turkish vassal, Savoy no longer French ally, Persia Austrian ally
* Build Site Additions: England - Holland & Morocco, Poland - Wallachia, no longer Ukraine, Lorraine no longer French build site
* Name Change: United Provinces > Holland
* Altered Adjacencies: Gascony @ Paris, Bulgaria @ Hungary, Brunswick not @ Brandenburg, Atlantic Ocean @ Egypt
* Space Addition: Silistria

'''7.3'''
* Rule Change: Remote Turkestan Rule abolished.
* Rule Change: Imperial Subjects Rule abolished.
* Rule Change: 2 DPs (one each from two powers) suffice for a sortie order to be considered by the GM.
* Client Additions: Austria - Candia,Poland - Saxony, Russia - Turkestan, Sweden - Mecklenburg, Swabia.
* Build Site Additions: Denmark - Brunswick, France - Flanders, Lorraine, Sweden - Brandenburg.
* Name Change: Dauphiné > Dauphiny

'''7.5'''
* Build Site Additions: France - Savoy, Spain - Tuscany
* Space Addition: Kartli

'''7.6'''
* Client Change: Courland an English client instead of Poland's.
* Build Site Additions: Turkey - Algiers, Tunis.

'''8.2'''
* Rule Change: For a sortie order for a client minor power to be considered by the GM when determining which order that minor power will execute, the sortie needs to be backed by its patron OR requires two or more DPs from other great powers. No such restrictions are in place for non-client minor powers.
* Rule Change: The DP bonus increases only after every two years.
* Client Additions: England - Brunswick, Spain - Ireland, Savoy.
* Client Removals: England - Courland, Ireland.
* Space Addition: Oldenburg, Mazovia, Vladimir.
* Space Removal: East Frisia.
* Name Change: Astrakhan > Kazan
* Altered Adjacencies: Atlantic Ocean @ Bristol, Gulf of Bothnia @ Ducal Prussia, Kazan @ Moscow, Aegean Sea @ Damascus.

'''8.4'''
* Unit Change: Ducal Prussia has a fleet instead of an army.
* Client Removal: Savoy is no longer a Spanish client.

'''8.5'''
* Client Removal: Brunswick is no longer an English client.
* Space Removals: Extremadura, La Mancha.

'''8.6'''
* Client Change: Ireland becomes an English client instead of a Spanish one.

'''8.7'''
* Space Removal: Black Ruthenia.
* Don River: Fleets may move from Voronezh (wc) to Crimea and vice versa.

'''8.8'''
* Client Change: Ukraine becomes a Swedish instead of a Russian client. Courland becomes a Russian client.

'''8.9'''
* Client Change: Lorraine becomes an Austrian client instead of a French one.
* Space Additions: Extremadura, La Mancha.

'''Summary v8.6'''

* Since v2.0 a new 42 spaces have been added to the game, while 14 have been removed, i.e. a net addition of 28 spaces (among which are 5 SC provinces). The game now includes 139 spaces. 60 of these are SC provinces.

* As such the map now has a considerably higher buffer-to-SC ratio. It rose from 1.91 to 2.32 (v8.6). Standard Diplomacy clocks in at 2.2. Stephen Agar once recommended remain within the 2.0 to 2.5 range.

= Space Names and Abbreviations v8.8=

All spaces on the 1648 map, along with their abbreviations, are listed below. SCs are annotated with an asterisk (*).

<tt>
Abo* Abo
Adriatic Sea ADR
Aegean Sea AEG
Albania Alb
Algiers* Alg

Anhalt Anh
Arabia Ara
Aragon Arg
Arctic Ocean ARC
Armenia Arm

Atlantic Ocean ATL
Baltic Sea BAL
Barbary Sea BAR
Bavaria* Bav
Bay of Luebeck BOL

Belgrade* Bel
Black Sea BLA
Bohuslan Boh
Bosnia Bos
Brandenburg* Bra

Brest* Bre
Bristol* Bri
Brunswick* Bwk
Bulgaria Bul
Caledonian Ocean CAL

Candia* Cnd
Cantabrian Sea CAN
Caspian Sea CAS
Christiania* Chr
Constantinople* Con

Copenhagen* Cop
Courland* Cou
Cracow* Cra
Crimea* Cri
Croatia* Cro

Dalmatia Dal
Damascus* Dam
Dauphiny Dau
Ducal Prussia* DPr
Egypt Egy

English Channel ENG
Finnmark Fin
Flanders* Fla
Franconia Fra
Gascony Gas

German Sea GER
Greater Poland GPo
Gulf of Bothnia GOB
Gulf of Lion GOL
Gulf of Venice GOV

Helgoland Bight HEL
Hesse Hes
Holland* UPr
Holstein* Hol
Hungary Hun

Iceland Ice
Indian Ocean IND
Ingria Ing
Ionian Sea ION
Ireland* Ire

Irish Sea IRI
Karaman Krm
Karelia Kar
Kartli Ktl
Kazan Kaz

Lake Ladoga LLA
Lapland Lap
Leon Leo
Levantine Sea LEV
Lombardy Lom

London* Lon
Lorraine* Lor
Luxembourg Lux
Madrid* Mad
Marseille* Mar

Mazovia Maz
Mecklenburg* Mec
Mesopotamia Mes
Moldavia* Mol
Morocco* Mor

Moscow* Mos
Naples* Nap
Norwegian Sea NOR
Novgorod* Nov
Oldenburg* Old

Papal States* Pap
Paris* Par
Permia Prm
Persia* Per
Picardy Pic

Podolia Pod
Polish Livonia PLi
Portugal* Por
Prague* Pra
Pskov Psk

Riga* Rig
Rhineland* Rhi
Royal Prussia RPr
Sahara Sah
Samogitia Sam

Sardinia Sar
Savoy* Sav
Saxony* Sax
Scania Sca
Scotland* Sco

Severia Svr
Seville* Sev
Siberia Sib
Sicily Sic
Silesia Sil

Silistria Sls
Skagerrak SKA
Slovakia Slo
Smolensk Smo
Stettin* Ste

Stockholm* Sto
Strait of Sicily SOS
Styria Sty
Swabia* Swa
Switzerland* Swi

Transylvania* Tra
Trieste* Tri
Tunis* Tun
Turkestan* Tur
Tuscany* Tus

Tyrolia Tyr
Tyrrhenian Sea TYS
Ukraine* Ukr
Venice* Ven
Vienna* Vie

Vilna* Vil
Vitebsk Vit
Vladimir Vla
Volhynia Vol
Voronezh* Vor

Wallachia* Wal
Warsaw* War
White Ruthenia WRu

</tt>

File:1648 89.gif

2017-06-05T16:48:14Z

Charlesf:

1648 v8.9

2017-06-05T11:19:17Z

Charlesf: /* Maps */

[[Category:Variant]]
= Introduction =

1648 is a nine-player Diplomacy variant set in Europe following the Peace of Westphalia, the first adjucated season being Spring 1649.

1648's rules are based upon those of Ambition & Empire, a variant designed by Jeff Kase and Baron Powell. As its most striking departure from Standard Diplomacy, the latter first featured armed neutrals whose actions players may secretly influence by bidding Diplomacy Points (DPs).

Should you be interested in joining or observing a future game, contact [mailto:cfeaux@gmail.com me.]

= Maps =

The map (v8.9) with starting units:

[[Image:1648_88 units.gif]]

The map (v8.9) with space abbreviations:

[[Image:1648_89.gif]]

= Rules =

All the rules of standard Diplomacy apply save those noted below:

== Great Powers ==
===Initial Setup===

Austria: A Prague, F Trieste, A Vienna.
Denmark-Norway: F Christiania, F Copenhagen, A Holstein.
England: F Bristol, F London.
France: F Brest, A Marseilles, A Paris.
Poland-Lithuania: A Cracow, A Vilna, A Warsaw.
Russia (Muscovy): A Moscow, A Novgorod, A Voronezh.
Spain: A Flanders, A Madrid, F Naples, F Seville.
Sweden: A Abo, A Riga, A Stettin, F Stockholm (East Coast).
Turkey (Ottoman Empire): A Belgrade, F Constantinople, A Damascus.

=== Home Supply Centers (HSCs) ===

Austria: Prague, Trieste, Vienna.
Denmark-Norway: Christiania, Copenhagen, Holstein.
England: Bristol, London.
France: Brest, Marseille, Paris.
Poland-Lithuania: Cracow, Vilna, Warsaw.
Russia (Muscovy): Moscow, Novgorod, Voronezh.
Spain: Madrid, Naples, Seville.
Sweden: Abo, Riga, Stettin, Stockholm.
Turkey (Ottoman Empire): Belgrade, Constantinople, Damascus.

Flanders is not considered a Spanish HSC and therefore does not serve as a Spanish build site.

These great powers may also build (once controlled) in:

Austria: Croatia, Transylvania.
Denmark-Norway: Oldenburg.
England: Brunswick, Holland, Ireland, Morocco, Scotland.
France: Flanders, Lorraine, Savoy.
Poland-Lithuania: Courland, Ducal Prussia, Moldavia, Wallachia.
Russia (Muscovy): Ukraine, Crimea.
Spain: Tuscany.
Sweden: Brandenburg.
Turkey (Ottoman Empire): Algiers, Tunis.

== Minor Powers ==

In addition to the nine Great Powers, there is also a host of "minor powers", which are non-player neutral Supply Centres (SCs) representing the smaller states of Europe, North Africa and the Near East. These include (space names in bold) the following:

* The Regency of '''Algiers''' (an autonomous province of the Ottoman Empire)
* The Electorate of '''Bavaria'''
* The Electorate of '''Brandenburg'''
* The Duchy of '''Brunswick'''
* The Venetian Colony of '''Candia'''
* The Duchy of '''Courland''' (an autonomous fiefdom of Poland-Lithuania)
* Kingdom of '''Croatia''' (representing independent-minded nobles and corsairs)
* The '''Rhineland''' (representing various territories belonging to the Lower-Rhenish, Electoral Rhenish and Lower Saxonian imperial circles)
* The Khanate of '''Crimea''' (a vassal state of the Ottoman Empire that includes the lands of the Crimean and Nagay Tatars)
* '''Holland'''(representing the United Provinces of the Netherlands)
* The Kingdom of '''Ireland'''
* The Duchy of '''Lorraine'''
* '''Mecklenburg''' (representing the Duchies of Mecklenburg)
* The Principality of '''Moldavia'''
* The Sultanate of '''Morocco'''
* The '''Papal States'''
* The Shahdom of '''Persia'''
* The Kingdom of '''Portugal'''
* The Duchy of '''Prussia''' (an autonomous fiefdom of Poland-Lithuania, called "Ducal Prussia" in the game as there's also a "Royal Prussia" space)
* The Duchy of '''Savoy'''
* The Electorate of '''Saxony'''
* The Kingdom of '''Scotland'''
* '''Swabia''' (representing various territories belonging to the Swabian and Upper Rhenish imperial circles)
* The Swiss Confederation ('''Switzerland''')
* The Principality of '''Transylvania'''
* The Regency of '''Tunis''' (an autonomous province of the Ottoman Empire)
* The Khanates of '''Turkestan'''
* The Grand Duchy of '''Tuscany'''
* The Republic of '''Venice'''
* The Cossack Hetmanate of the '''Ukraine'''
* The Principality of '''Wallachia'''

Each minor power, although a "non-player," starts with a unit (unit colour is white). All minor powers start with an army except for the following minors that start with a fleet: Algiers, Candia, Courland, Ducal Prussia, Holland, Morocco, Portugal, Scotland, Tunis and Venice.

Minor power units prevent a Great Power from simply moving into an empty space and gaining control of the SC. To occupy a minor power SC, a Great Power will need to move in with support. A minor power unit that is forced to retreat is disbanded. If a Great Power does not occupy the minor power SC at the end of a Fall turn, the minor power’s unit is automatically rebuilt in the Winter.

A Great Power controls a minor power SC when one of its units occupies the space after a Fall turn has been played and completed. Once a Great Power gains control of a minor power SC, it can leave the SC vacant and still keep control of it as long as that SC is not occupied by another Great Power at the close of a Fall turn.

Minor power units do nothing but hold in place, unless the unit has been ordered by a Great Power using its Diplomacy Points.

== Diplomacy Points ==

Each Great Power receives a set number of Diplomacy Points (DPs) every Spring and Fall turn. '''France gets 5 DPs, while the other Great Power are allocated 3 DPs each. Deduct 1 DP from a Great Power's DP budget for each SC it originally owned, yet is controlled by another power.'''

During each Spring and Fall turn, each Great Power may allocate DPs to minor powers that still have units on the map. '''A Great Power may only allocate one DP to a given power except for one minor power where an additional DP might be allocated (i.e. two).'''

'''A Major Power may not allocate any DPs to a minor power SC it intends to attack (or support an attack against) during the current game turn.'''

For each DP allocated, the allocating Great Power submits an order for that particular minor power’s unit. A Great Power may order a minor power to move, hold or support. '''A minor power's unit given a move order (also known as a "sortie") will not actually move. However, the move action may cut support and bounce other units.'''

'''If a minor power unit is given a move order that under Standard rules would result in it moving, the order will result in the unit remaining in its starting territory, but no other unit may retreat or move into the territory the minor successfully attacked. A unit already in the target territory at turn start will not be dislodged.'''

The GM determines how DPs have been allocated. In the event of a conflict, an order for a particular minor power’s unit is followed if it is supported by more DPs than any conflicting order.

'''For a sortie order for a client minor power to be considered by the GM when determining which order that minor power will execute, the sortie needs to be backed by its patron OR requires two or more DPs from other great powers. No such restrictions are in place for non-client minor powers.'''

Unused DPs may not be carried over into the next turn. They are simply lost.

Players are not required to tell each other how they allocated their DPs. Just as with negotiations, players may honour their agreements with other players or not, as they see fit. Only the GM will know how Great Powers have allocated their DPs. DP allocation is not published in the adjudication; only the end results are published.

Example:
<blockquote>
''In Spring 1649, Austria allocates one DP to Swabia to get it to support an Austrian attack on Bavaria. France allocates one DP to Swabia to get it to support a French attack on Lorraine. In support of Austria, Spain allocates one DP to Swabia to get it to support the Austrian attack on Bavaria. Although Austria, France and Spain each allocated one DP to Swabia, the Austrians get the Swabian support because the Spaniards supported the Austrian diplomatic efforts with the Swabians.''</blockquote>

== Clients==

A minor power may be a client (or junior ally) of a great power (i.e. patron, senior ally).

Benefits of being a minor power's patron:

* '''Any DPs a patron allocates to a client are initially boosted by one in value. After every two years this bonus increases by one (i.e. the DP bonus rises to 2 for the Spring 1651 season, to 3 for the Spring 1653 season, etc).

These are the respective powers' clients:

Austria: Candia, Persia.
England: Ireland, Portugal, Scotland.
France: Bavaria, Lorraine, Rhineland, Transylvania, Venice.
Poland-Lithuania: Moldavia, Saxony, Wallachia.
Russia: Turkestan.
Sweden: Mecklenburg, Swabia, Ukraine.
Turkey (Ottoman Empire): Algiers, Crimea, Tunis.

== Victory Conditions ==

As soon as one Great Power controls '''18 SCs''', the game ends immediately and the player representing that Great Power is the winner.

If two Great Powers each gain control of 18 or more SCs at the same time, the player representing the Great Power with the most SCs is considered the winner. If the two Great Powers each control the same number of SCs, the game continues until one player has 18 or more SCs and that player has more SCs than any other player.

Players may terminate the game by mutual agreement before a winner is determined. If this occurs, any decision reached by the players (e.g. concede game to one player, concede game to an alliance) must be accepted unanimously. If the players cannot agree, all players who still have pieces on the board when the game ends share equally in a draw.

== Map Clarifications ==

• Constantinople, Copenhagen, Ingria and Scania are canal provinces and hence fleets located there are not designated as being on any particular coast. Note the Neva river (a thick blue line) runs through Ingria.

• River Don: Fleets may move from Voronezh (wc) to Crimea and vice versa.

• Red arrows indicate that two spaces are adjacent to another.

• Constantinople encompasses Northwestern Anatolia, much of mainland Greece and Thrace as well as the Sea of Marmara. So the space borders the Ionian Sea (among other spaces) to the West.

• Note that the Atlantic and Indian Oceans adjoin. In other words, fleets may "circumnavigate Africa".

• Ducal Prussia and Courland are adjacent, whereas the Baltic Sea and Samogitia are not.

== Civil Disorder (Optional Rule) ==

If a player is lost during the game, the GM is strongly encouraged to find a replacement player for the affected Great Power rather than have it lapse into civil disorder. In the event no replacement player is found and the GM declares the Great Power to be in permanent civil disorder, the following rules apply:

* All units of the Great Power in civil disorder (GPCD) are immediately disbanded.
* All SCs controlled by the GPCD that are unoccupied are immediately considered newly independent minor powers. Minor power army units are built in those minor power spaces.
* All SCs controlled by the GPCD that are occupied by a unit belonging to another Great Power are unaffected. If the occupying Great Power moves its unit out of the GPCD’s SC so that the SC is unoccupied at the conclusion of a Fall turn, a minor power army unit is built there and that SC is considered a newly independent minor power.
* For the remainder of the game, all newly independent minor powers are subject to the provisions of regarding minor powers. In particular, this means the new minor power can be influenced using Diplomacy Points and are considered a power's client if so designated on the map.
* Once a Great Power is declared to be in permanent civil disorder, it may not be played by an active player again.

= Game Notes =

Two detailed articles about the variant may be found in previous DIPLOMACY WORLD issues:

[http://www.diplomacyworld.net/pdf/dw106.pdf First Article]

[http://www.diplomacyworld.net/pdf/dw107.pdf Second Article]

Note that these articles are based on an earlier variant version.

== Brief Introduction to the Major Powers ==

===Austria===
* Emperor Ferdinand III (1637-57)
* Head of Privy Council: Max, Count Trauttmannsdorff (1634-50)

''AUSTRIA is bang in the centre of the map. Lots of growth options (especially HRE, Italy, South-Eastern "Borderlands" minor power cluster), but doesn't really have the prospect of ever establishing a secure edge position.

===Denmark-Norway===
* King Frederick III

''DENMARK-NORWAY is stringed along a North-South Axis. Effectively sandwiched between England and Sweden. Well-positioned to expand southwards into the HRE goodies. But that further stretches DN on that vertical axis. So at some point Denmark will have to consolidate a more compact position by either turning East or West. Position favours a nice mix of fleets and armies.

===Commonwealth of England===
* Oliver Cromwell (Lord Protector, 1653-58)

''ENGLAND starts off smaller than any other power. But in a good position to secure her Celtic backyard and thus gain those extra build sites. A major advantage balancing her modest initial size is that she holds considerable diplomatic trump cards. Danish-Swedish and Franco-Spanish relations have a lot of in-built friction. That's something Cromwell needs to exploit to good effect. Under wise rule, England will often prosper (as in the present game). Intially small, diplomatically favoured, most navally oriented power, island position: Those factors make England very unique.

===France===
* King Louis XIV, the Sun King (1643-1715)
* Chief Minister: Jules Mazarin (1643-61)

''FRANCE enjoys the most compact starting-position of any power. All three initial SCs adjoin. This considerably helps home defence. Louis XIV is well-positioned to secure Lorraine, a potential French build site. Good access to the central minor power cluster. Plus access to the Atlantic sphere. One key question the Sun-King will have to adress is how to deal with Spain - a power which half-encircles "la hexagone". A Franco-Spanish alliance could be very strong. But the temptation for either power to attack the other is also there. Already a sortie by the Brest fleet into the Cantabrian Sea creates considerable difficulties for Spain. Though a move to ENG is also strong and might smother England before Cromwell can consolidate his position. More defensive play might mean bouncing A Flanders in Normandy and thus concentrating on the East for early builds. Successful eastward expansion could bring France into collision course with the Emperor. Indeed seizing the Imperial Crown is possible! But one can also nicely divide the central spoils with Austria: Lorraine, Switzerland and Savoy being within the French sphere, Swabia possibly left as a minor power buffer and Austria taking Saxony-Bavaria-Venice. With such an arrangement extended by France taking Tuscany and Austria the Papal States, the only place where the two spheres immediately touch would be on the Tus-Pap border. A perfectly sustainable arrangement for both, allowing France to focus on other theatres of operations. Or not, if France opts for a continued push eastwards.... I believe France faces lots of interesting challenges and options. Compact, somewhat more land-based than naval orientation, interesting question regarding Spanish "encirclement", Turkey very much a natural ally... Some key facets of France's position.

===Poland-Lithuania===
* King John II Casimir (1648-68)

''POLAND-LITHUANIA is a central power. Key for her is the Russo-Swedish-Polish triangle. I rate Austria and Denmark as natural allies. Good access to minor powers. A whopping three additional potential build sites promises considerable flexibility. Very much a land-based power. Non-contiguous home SCs somewhat complicate home defence. Though Warsaw is the only great power home SC no other rival can threaten within the opening year. So that compensates for Vilna being fairly vulnerable to attack. Relations with Russia are tricky. A bit like Austro-Turkish relations in Standard. Though with Sweden and Turkey on Russia's flanks, there are ways to keep the Czar honest without actually storming the East. Though if doing so, Poland might anchor her position along the map edge.

===Russia (Muscovy)===
* Tsar Alexis (1645-76)

''RUSSIA enjoys an edge position. But it may not feel like one. For, by design, it's nothing like the fairly secure corner position Standard's "witches" can call their own. Russia is best-placed to seize the Crimea. A potential Russian build site. The Polish-Swedish-Russian triangle (or Baltic quadrangle, if you include Denmark in the equation) is a key concern for the Czar. Courland being a point of Polish-Swedish contention presents considerable diplomatic opportunity. Regarding the Sublime Porte, Russia arguably holds the better diplomatic cards in that it can more gravely threaten Turkey than vice versa. Austria and especially Spain might prove very handy allies in a crusading campaign. A more secure edge position beckons following such a campaign. And would make Central Asia (Persia, Turkestan) an undisputed Russian domain. Russia is among the least maritime-oriented powers. But it has immediate access to the Northern Seas, potential access to the Baltic and Black Seas (also Caspian, but that is very much a backwater which very rarely should see any action).

===Spain===
* King Phillip IV (1621-65)

''SPAIN is all over the place! Flanders and Naples are very far removed from Iberia. Of these, Naples is far more important. Indeed, I rate Naples as Spain's most useful home SC. Building an empire in the Central Mediterranean may be key to Spanish success. As for Flanders, it's not even a home SC! So really no prospect of reinforcements there. It's more of a diplomatic pawn than a base for sustained expansion. So A Flanders should best be viewed as being subservient to Spain's wider cause. The Army of Flanders could indeed prove a useful wandering nomad. Spain's fundamentally a Mediterreanean power. She will try to secure the Maghreb for herself and link up Iberia with Naples. Naturally such Mediterranean ambitions impinge on Turkish interests. Spain's nightmare is a Franco-Turkish alliance against her. As such, any attack of hers against either could see the other quickly joining the party. This danger seriously complicates plans for attacking either and means that Spain should adopt a very broad diplomatic outlook, making sure France and Turkey are kept preoccupied in other theatres of operations. Spain, yet more than other powers, needs to play the whole board! Spanish summary: Far-flung domains, four initial units, threat of Franco-Turkish alliance, generally naval orientation, needs to play the "whole board" yet more than others, generally perceived as strong and as such probably often at a disadvantage in DP contests, can consolidate a powerful Mediterranean corner position.

===Sweden===
* Queen Christine (1632-54)

''SWEDEN shares two characteristics with Spain: Both have four non-contiguous initial SCs. Though these are all arrayed around the Baltic. As such, turning the Baltic into a Swedish lake should be a priority. Denmark most immediately poses a threat to such Baltic hegemony, but so might Russia and Poland further down the road. As for expansion at the expense of minor powers, Stockholm might not have the easiest time of it. In Northern Germany, Sweden has the first claim to Brandenburg, but beyond that SC, it'd be stepping on other powers' toes. Indeed, the HRE might be described as a dangerous pool of sharks. Especially the two Scandinavians' spheres of interest tend to overlap there. As for the Baltic SC cluster (Ducal Prussia, Courland), expansion there poses potential difficulties with Poland. In brief: Sweden may be envied by others for starting off with four units. But in all likelihood with have to work harder for her first gains! Indeed, such are those difficulties that Sweden may be among those powers most ready to immediately invade another great power. The position thus encourages early aggressive play as befits Vasa warrior-kings!

===Turkey===
* Sultan Mehmed IV, the Hunter (1648-87
* Regent: Kösem Sultan
* Grand Vizier: Sofu Mehmed Pasha (1648-49)

''TURKEY might consider itself a corner power. But that corner is initially very vulnerable. Her neighbours have good reason not to let her consolidate that corner position. To the West, the two Habsburg powers are natural allies. They could very effectively pool DPs. The Venetians on Crete could thus help the Spaniards storm Constantinople. Or the Wallachians ease the Austrians' path into Belgrade. And then there's the Czar... Any move by the Czar into Armenia will cause the Sultan fits! So while Turkey benefits from plenty of growth options around her, I'd say no other power is as vulnerable to a devastating opening attack. If the Sultan overcomes that initial vulnerability, then much can be made of that position. Armies and fleets may well play an equal role in Turkish plans. Perhaps moreso than any other power. Diplomatically speaking, France is very much a natural ally. And Spain arguably the most dangerous foe. The Med may often amount to an expensive Turkish-Spanish zero-sum contest and may often be Turkey's primary theatre of operations.
''

== Version Changelog since v2.0==

* Asterisk = SC province
* @ = adjacent to
* > = renamed

'''2.1'''
* Space Additions: Karelia, Persia*, Polotsk, Trondheim, Tunis*, Urals
* Space Removals: Archangel, Foix, Lancashire, Lyon*, Smolensk
* Altered Adjacencies: Constantinope* @ Belgrade*/Illyria, Leon @ Gascony/Aragon, Novgorod* @ Norwegian Sea, Seville @ Morocco, Voronezh @ Armenia/Persia*
* Name Change: Vitebsk > Smolensk

'''2.2'''
* Space Additions: Caspian Sea, Mesopotamia, Sardinia
* Altered Adjacencies: Astrakhan @ Persia*

'''2.3'''
* Altered Adjacencies: Christiania* @ Lapland
* Name Changes: Trondheim > Northern Norway

'''2.5'''
* Space Additions: Azerbaijan, Candia*, Permia, Turkestan*
* Altered Adjacencies: Norwegian Sea @ Karelia, Novgorod*, Permia
* Name Change: Urals > Siberia

'''2.8'''
* Space Additions: Hesse, Lower Saxony*

'''2.9'''
* Space Additions: Cantabrian Sea, Sicily
* Altered Adjacencies: Flanders* @ North Sea, Bavaria* @ Saxony*

'''3.0'''
* Space Addition: Lake Ladoga

'''3.1'''
* Space Additions: Gulf of Sidra, Luxembourg, Strait of Sicily
* Altered Adjacencies: Lombardy @ Papal States*, Paris @ Luxembourg

'''3.2'''
* Space Additions: Franconia, Royal Prussia
* Altered Adjacencies: Armenia @ Karaman
* Name Changes: Normandy > Picardy, Prussia > Ducal Prussia

'''3.3'''
* Space Additions: Onega, Smolensk
* Altered Adjacencies: Moscow* @ Norwegian Sea/Permia
* Name Changes: Polotsk > Polish Livonia, Smolensk (old space) > Vitebsk

'''3.4'''
* Rules Change: Victory criterion lowered from 18 to 15 SCs
* Space Additions: Arabia, Indian Ocean, Sahara, Terra Incognita (impassable)
* Altered Adjacencies: Damascus @ Indian Ocean (thereby bicoastal), Franconia @ Hesse
* Name Changes: Eastern Mediterranean Sea > Levantine Sea, Western Mediterranean Sea > Barbary Sea, Mid-Atlantic Ocean > Atlantic Ocean, North-Atlantic Ocean > Caledonian Ocean, North Sea > German Sea

'''3.5'''
* Rules Change: England is entitled to 3 DPs each (rather than just 2) for the opening year's spring and fall seasons.
* Space Additions: Black Ruthenia
* Altered Adjacencies: Brest* @ Marseille*

'''3.6'''
* Space Additions: Extremadura, La Mancha
* Altered Adjacencies: Lombardy @ Tyrolia

'''3.7'''
* Rules Change: Victory criterion increased from 15 to 16 SCs
* Altered Adjacencies: Black Ruthenia @ White Ruthenia
* Name Changes: Rhineland-Westphalia > Rhineland, Marseilles > Marseille
* Cosmetic Map Change: Lombardy's borders redrawn so as to include the Free State of Grisons (i.e. the later Swiss canton of Graubünden) instead of a portion of Venetian territory.

'''4.3'''
* Rules Change: HRE-specific rules abolished
* Space Additions: Albania, Bosnia, Styria
* Space Removals: Azerbaijan, Devon (incorporated into London), Illyria, Onega
* Altered Adjacencies: Astrakhan @ Siberia, Moscow @ Severia & White Ruthenia, Novgorod @ Karelia, Permia & Siberia, Belgrade @ Adriatic Sea

'''4.4'''
* Rules Change: France gets 6 DPs, while the other Great Powers receive only 3.
* Altered Adjacencies: Franconia @ Vienna

'''4.6'''
* Space Removals: Styria

'''4.8'''
* Rules Change: Victory criterion increased from 16 to 17 SCs
* New Minor Power: Croatia (i.e promoted to SC/minor power status)
* Space Removals: Gulf of Sirte
* Altered Adjacencies: Bristol @ Ireland

'''4.9'''
* Rules Change: Victory criterion increased from 17 to 18 SCs
* Space Additions: Cornwall

'''5.0'''
* Rules Change: Certain powers have vassals. Their DPs allocated to these are increased by one in value. Once controlled, the vassal's SC serves its overlord as a build site.
* Space Additions: Styria
* Space Removals: Cornwall
* Altered Adjacencies: Bristol no longer borders Ireland

'''5.1'''
* Vassal Status Change: Croatia is considered a Turkish vassal.
* Unit Change: Austria starts with a fleet in Trieste instead of an army.

'''5.4'''
* Space Addition: Gulf of Venice

'''5.5'''
* Altered Adjacencies: Levantine Sea @ Strait of Sicily & Tunis.
* Rules Change: Victory requires not only 18 SCs, but also 2 more SCs than the second-strongest power.

'''5.6'''
* Space Additions: Anhalt, East Frisia, Brunswick
* Space Removal: Lower Saxony

'''5.7'''
* Space Removal: Yorkshire
* Rules Change: A surviving vassal's SCs count for victory purposes towards its suzerain's SC total.
* Rules Change: Minor powers may perform sorties. At least one player needs to spend two DPs on a sortie order for it to be valid.

'''5.8'''
* Vassal Status Change: Ducal Prussia is no longer a Polish vassal. Nor is Savoy a French one anymore.
* Rules Change: France's DP budget is reduced from 6 to 5 DPs.
* Rules Change: The DP bonus increases by one after every three turns.
* Rules Change: -1 DP penalty for each originally owned SC which is foreign-controlled.
* Rules Change: Certain powers have junior allies. Their DPs allocated to these are increased after every three turns by 1 in value.
* Rules Change: HRE minors count towards Austria's victory tally. Austria also receives beginning with Fall 1650 a DP bonus for these.
* Ally Additions: Bavaria, Portugal, Rhineland, Savoy, Transylvania become French allies.
* Build Site Additions: Croatia and Transylvania for Austria, Ducal Prussia and Moldavia for Poland, Crimea and Ukraine for Russia.

'''6.5'''
* Rule Change: Remote Turkestan Rule
* Rule Change: 2 DPs only in one minor power. Rule geared towards limiting France's advantage.
* Rule Change: May no longer allocate DPs to a minor one intends to support an attack against.
* Abolished Rule: "If, during a Spring or Fall turn, a Great Power allocates more DPs to minor powers than it is entitled to, all of that Great Power’s DPs are forfeited for that particular turn."
* Rules Change: Vassals and Allies now effectively operate the same way. Only feature: Increasing DP bonus for patron. No more impact on victory for vassals/allies/imperial subjects.
* Ally Changes: Ukraine Russian instead of Polish, Portugal English instead of French, Croatia no longer Turkish vassal, Savoy no longer French ally, Persia Austrian ally
* Build Site Additions: England - Holland & Morocco, Poland - Wallachia, no longer Ukraine, Lorraine no longer French build site
* Name Change: United Provinces > Holland
* Altered Adjacencies: Gascony @ Paris, Bulgaria @ Hungary, Brunswick not @ Brandenburg, Atlantic Ocean @ Egypt
* Space Addition: Silistria

'''7.3'''
* Rule Change: Remote Turkestan Rule abolished.
* Rule Change: Imperial Subjects Rule abolished.
* Rule Change: 2 DPs (one each from two powers) suffice for a sortie order to be considered by the GM.
* Client Additions: Austria - Candia,Poland - Saxony, Russia - Turkestan, Sweden - Mecklenburg, Swabia.
* Build Site Additions: Denmark - Brunswick, France - Flanders, Lorraine, Sweden - Brandenburg.
* Name Change: Dauphiné > Dauphiny

'''7.5'''
* Build Site Additions: France - Savoy, Spain - Tuscany
* Space Addition: Kartli

'''7.6'''
* Client Change: Courland an English client instead of Poland's.
* Build Site Additions: Turkey - Algiers, Tunis.

'''8.2'''
* Rule Change: For a sortie order for a client minor power to be considered by the GM when determining which order that minor power will execute, the sortie needs to be backed by its patron OR requires two or more DPs from other great powers. No such restrictions are in place for non-client minor powers.
* Rule Change: The DP bonus increases only after every two years.
* Client Additions: England - Brunswick, Spain - Ireland, Savoy.
* Client Removals: England - Courland, Ireland.
* Space Addition: Oldenburg, Mazovia, Vladimir.
* Space Removal: East Frisia.
* Name Change: Astrakhan > Kazan
* Altered Adjacencies: Atlantic Ocean @ Bristol, Gulf of Bothnia @ Ducal Prussia, Kazan @ Moscow, Aegean Sea @ Damascus.

'''8.4'''
* Unit Change: Ducal Prussia has a fleet instead of an army.
* Client Removal: Savoy is no longer a Spanish client.

'''8.5'''
* Client Removal: Brunswick is no longer an English client.
* Space Removals: Extremadura, La Mancha.

'''8.6'''
* Client Change: Ireland becomes an English client instead of a Spanish one.

'''8.7'''
* Space Removal: Black Ruthenia.
* Don River: Fleets may move from Voronezh (wc) to Crimea and vice versa.

'''8.8'''
* Client Change: Ukraine becomes a Swedish instead of a Russian client. Courland becomes a Russian client.

'''8.9'''
* Client Change: Lorraine no longer a French client.
* Space Additions: Extremadura, La Mancha.

'''Summary v8.6'''

* Since v2.0 a new 42 spaces have been added to the game, while 14 have been removed, i.e. a net addition of 28 spaces (among which are 5 SC provinces). The game now includes 139 spaces. 60 of these are SC provinces.

* As such the map now has a considerably higher buffer-to-SC ratio. It rose from 1.91 to 2.32 (v8.6). Standard Diplomacy clocks in at 2.2. Stephen Agar once recommended remain within the 2.0 to 2.5 range.

= Space Names and Abbreviations v8.8=

All spaces on the 1648 map, along with their abbreviations, are listed below. SCs are annotated with an asterisk (*).

<tt>
Abo* Abo
Adriatic Sea ADR
Aegean Sea AEG
Albania Alb
Algiers* Alg

Anhalt Anh
Arabia Ara
Aragon Arg
Arctic Ocean ARC
Armenia Arm

Atlantic Ocean ATL
Baltic Sea BAL
Barbary Sea BAR
Bavaria* Bav
Bay of Luebeck BOL

Belgrade* Bel
Black Sea BLA
Bohuslan Boh
Bosnia Bos
Brandenburg* Bra

Brest* Bre
Bristol* Bri
Brunswick* Bwk
Bulgaria Bul
Caledonian Ocean CAL

Candia* Cnd
Cantabrian Sea CAN
Caspian Sea CAS
Christiania* Chr
Constantinople* Con

Copenhagen* Cop
Courland* Cou
Cracow* Cra
Crimea* Cri
Croatia* Cro

Dalmatia Dal
Damascus* Dam
Dauphiny Dau
Ducal Prussia* DPr
Egypt Egy

English Channel ENG
Finnmark Fin
Flanders* Fla
Franconia Fra
Gascony Gas

German Sea GER
Greater Poland GPo
Gulf of Bothnia GOB
Gulf of Lion GOL
Gulf of Venice GOV

Helgoland Bight HEL
Hesse Hes
Holland* UPr
Holstein* Hol
Hungary Hun

Iceland Ice
Indian Ocean IND
Ingria Ing
Ionian Sea ION
Ireland* Ire

Irish Sea IRI
Karaman Krm
Karelia Kar
Kartli Ktl
Kazan Kaz

Lake Ladoga LLA
Lapland Lap
Leon Leo
Levantine Sea LEV
Lombardy Lom

London* Lon
Lorraine* Lor
Luxembourg Lux
Madrid* Mad
Marseille* Mar

Mazovia Maz
Mecklenburg* Mec
Mesopotamia Mes
Moldavia* Mol
Morocco* Mor

Moscow* Mos
Naples* Nap
Norwegian Sea NOR
Novgorod* Nov
Oldenburg* Old

Papal States* Pap
Paris* Par
Permia Prm
Persia* Per
Picardy Pic

Podolia Pod
Polish Livonia PLi
Portugal* Por
Prague* Pra
Pskov Psk

Riga* Rig
Rhineland* Rhi
Royal Prussia RPr
Sahara Sah
Samogitia Sam

Sardinia Sar
Savoy* Sav
Saxony* Sax
Scania Sca
Scotland* Sco

Severia Svr
Seville* Sev
Siberia Sib
Sicily Sic
Silesia Sil

Silistria Sls
Skagerrak SKA
Slovakia Slo
Smolensk Smo
Stettin* Ste

Stockholm* Sto
Strait of Sicily SOS
Styria Sty
Swabia* Swa
Switzerland* Swi

Transylvania* Tra
Trieste* Tri
Tunis* Tun
Turkestan* Tur
Tuscany* Tus

Tyrolia Tyr
Tyrrhenian Sea TYS
Ukraine* Ukr
Venice* Ven
Vienna* Vie

Vilna* Vil
Vitebsk Vit
Vladimir Vla
Volhynia Vol
Voronezh* Vor

Wallachia* Wal
Warsaw* War
White Ruthenia WRu

</tt>

1648 v8.9

2017-06-05T11:18:40Z

Charlesf: New page: Category:Variant = Introduction = 1648 is a nine-player Diplomacy variant set in Europe following the Peace of Westphalia, the first adjucated season being Spring 1649. 1648's rules ...

[[Category:Variant]]
= Introduction =

1648 is a nine-player Diplomacy variant set in Europe following the Peace of Westphalia, the first adjucated season being Spring 1649.

1648's rules are based upon those of Ambition & Empire, a variant designed by Jeff Kase and Baron Powell. As its most striking departure from Standard Diplomacy, the latter first featured armed neutrals whose actions players may secretly influence by bidding Diplomacy Points (DPs).

Should you be interested in joining or observing a future game, contact [mailto:cfeaux@gmail.com me.]

= Maps =

The map (v8.8) with starting units:

[[Image:1648_88 units.gif]]

The map (v8.8) with space abbreviations:

[[Image:1648_88.gif]]

= Rules =

All the rules of standard Diplomacy apply save those noted below:

== Great Powers ==
===Initial Setup===

Austria: A Prague, F Trieste, A Vienna.
Denmark-Norway: F Christiania, F Copenhagen, A Holstein.
England: F Bristol, F London.
France: F Brest, A Marseilles, A Paris.
Poland-Lithuania: A Cracow, A Vilna, A Warsaw.
Russia (Muscovy): A Moscow, A Novgorod, A Voronezh.
Spain: A Flanders, A Madrid, F Naples, F Seville.
Sweden: A Abo, A Riga, A Stettin, F Stockholm (East Coast).
Turkey (Ottoman Empire): A Belgrade, F Constantinople, A Damascus.

=== Home Supply Centers (HSCs) ===

Austria: Prague, Trieste, Vienna.
Denmark-Norway: Christiania, Copenhagen, Holstein.
England: Bristol, London.
France: Brest, Marseille, Paris.
Poland-Lithuania: Cracow, Vilna, Warsaw.
Russia (Muscovy): Moscow, Novgorod, Voronezh.
Spain: Madrid, Naples, Seville.
Sweden: Abo, Riga, Stettin, Stockholm.
Turkey (Ottoman Empire): Belgrade, Constantinople, Damascus.

Flanders is not considered a Spanish HSC and therefore does not serve as a Spanish build site.

These great powers may also build (once controlled) in:

Austria: Croatia, Transylvania.
Denmark-Norway: Oldenburg.
England: Brunswick, Holland, Ireland, Morocco, Scotland.
France: Flanders, Lorraine, Savoy.
Poland-Lithuania: Courland, Ducal Prussia, Moldavia, Wallachia.
Russia (Muscovy): Ukraine, Crimea.
Spain: Tuscany.
Sweden: Brandenburg.
Turkey (Ottoman Empire): Algiers, Tunis.

== Minor Powers ==

In addition to the nine Great Powers, there is also a host of "minor powers", which are non-player neutral Supply Centres (SCs) representing the smaller states of Europe, North Africa and the Near East. These include (space names in bold) the following:

* The Regency of '''Algiers''' (an autonomous province of the Ottoman Empire)
* The Electorate of '''Bavaria'''
* The Electorate of '''Brandenburg'''
* The Duchy of '''Brunswick'''
* The Venetian Colony of '''Candia'''
* The Duchy of '''Courland''' (an autonomous fiefdom of Poland-Lithuania)
* Kingdom of '''Croatia''' (representing independent-minded nobles and corsairs)
* The '''Rhineland''' (representing various territories belonging to the Lower-Rhenish, Electoral Rhenish and Lower Saxonian imperial circles)
* The Khanate of '''Crimea''' (a vassal state of the Ottoman Empire that includes the lands of the Crimean and Nagay Tatars)
* '''Holland'''(representing the United Provinces of the Netherlands)
* The Kingdom of '''Ireland'''
* The Duchy of '''Lorraine'''
* '''Mecklenburg''' (representing the Duchies of Mecklenburg)
* The Principality of '''Moldavia'''
* The Sultanate of '''Morocco'''
* The '''Papal States'''
* The Shahdom of '''Persia'''
* The Kingdom of '''Portugal'''
* The Duchy of '''Prussia''' (an autonomous fiefdom of Poland-Lithuania, called "Ducal Prussia" in the game as there's also a "Royal Prussia" space)
* The Duchy of '''Savoy'''
* The Electorate of '''Saxony'''
* The Kingdom of '''Scotland'''
* '''Swabia''' (representing various territories belonging to the Swabian and Upper Rhenish imperial circles)
* The Swiss Confederation ('''Switzerland''')
* The Principality of '''Transylvania'''
* The Regency of '''Tunis''' (an autonomous province of the Ottoman Empire)
* The Khanates of '''Turkestan'''
* The Grand Duchy of '''Tuscany'''
* The Republic of '''Venice'''
* The Cossack Hetmanate of the '''Ukraine'''
* The Principality of '''Wallachia'''

Each minor power, although a "non-player," starts with a unit (unit colour is white). All minor powers start with an army except for the following minors that start with a fleet: Algiers, Candia, Courland, Ducal Prussia, Holland, Morocco, Portugal, Scotland, Tunis and Venice.

Minor power units prevent a Great Power from simply moving into an empty space and gaining control of the SC. To occupy a minor power SC, a Great Power will need to move in with support. A minor power unit that is forced to retreat is disbanded. If a Great Power does not occupy the minor power SC at the end of a Fall turn, the minor power’s unit is automatically rebuilt in the Winter.

A Great Power controls a minor power SC when one of its units occupies the space after a Fall turn has been played and completed. Once a Great Power gains control of a minor power SC, it can leave the SC vacant and still keep control of it as long as that SC is not occupied by another Great Power at the close of a Fall turn.

Minor power units do nothing but hold in place, unless the unit has been ordered by a Great Power using its Diplomacy Points.

== Diplomacy Points ==

Each Great Power receives a set number of Diplomacy Points (DPs) every Spring and Fall turn. '''France gets 5 DPs, while the other Great Power are allocated 3 DPs each. Deduct 1 DP from a Great Power's DP budget for each SC it originally owned, yet is controlled by another power.'''

During each Spring and Fall turn, each Great Power may allocate DPs to minor powers that still have units on the map. '''A Great Power may only allocate one DP to a given power except for one minor power where an additional DP might be allocated (i.e. two).'''

'''A Major Power may not allocate any DPs to a minor power SC it intends to attack (or support an attack against) during the current game turn.'''

For each DP allocated, the allocating Great Power submits an order for that particular minor power’s unit. A Great Power may order a minor power to move, hold or support. '''A minor power's unit given a move order (also known as a "sortie") will not actually move. However, the move action may cut support and bounce other units.'''

'''If a minor power unit is given a move order that under Standard rules would result in it moving, the order will result in the unit remaining in its starting territory, but no other unit may retreat or move into the territory the minor successfully attacked. A unit already in the target territory at turn start will not be dislodged.'''

The GM determines how DPs have been allocated. In the event of a conflict, an order for a particular minor power’s unit is followed if it is supported by more DPs than any conflicting order.

'''For a sortie order for a client minor power to be considered by the GM when determining which order that minor power will execute, the sortie needs to be backed by its patron OR requires two or more DPs from other great powers. No such restrictions are in place for non-client minor powers.'''

Unused DPs may not be carried over into the next turn. They are simply lost.

Players are not required to tell each other how they allocated their DPs. Just as with negotiations, players may honour their agreements with other players or not, as they see fit. Only the GM will know how Great Powers have allocated their DPs. DP allocation is not published in the adjudication; only the end results are published.

Example:
<blockquote>
''In Spring 1649, Austria allocates one DP to Swabia to get it to support an Austrian attack on Bavaria. France allocates one DP to Swabia to get it to support a French attack on Lorraine. In support of Austria, Spain allocates one DP to Swabia to get it to support the Austrian attack on Bavaria. Although Austria, France and Spain each allocated one DP to Swabia, the Austrians get the Swabian support because the Spaniards supported the Austrian diplomatic efforts with the Swabians.''</blockquote>

== Clients==

A minor power may be a client (or junior ally) of a great power (i.e. patron, senior ally).

Benefits of being a minor power's patron:

* '''Any DPs a patron allocates to a client are initially boosted by one in value. After every two years this bonus increases by one (i.e. the DP bonus rises to 2 for the Spring 1651 season, to 3 for the Spring 1653 season, etc).

These are the respective powers' clients:

Austria: Candia, Persia.
England: Ireland, Portugal, Scotland.
France: Bavaria, Lorraine, Rhineland, Transylvania, Venice.
Poland-Lithuania: Moldavia, Saxony, Wallachia.
Russia: Turkestan.
Sweden: Mecklenburg, Swabia, Ukraine.
Turkey (Ottoman Empire): Algiers, Crimea, Tunis.

== Victory Conditions ==

As soon as one Great Power controls '''18 SCs''', the game ends immediately and the player representing that Great Power is the winner.

If two Great Powers each gain control of 18 or more SCs at the same time, the player representing the Great Power with the most SCs is considered the winner. If the two Great Powers each control the same number of SCs, the game continues until one player has 18 or more SCs and that player has more SCs than any other player.

Players may terminate the game by mutual agreement before a winner is determined. If this occurs, any decision reached by the players (e.g. concede game to one player, concede game to an alliance) must be accepted unanimously. If the players cannot agree, all players who still have pieces on the board when the game ends share equally in a draw.

== Map Clarifications ==

• Constantinople, Copenhagen, Ingria and Scania are canal provinces and hence fleets located there are not designated as being on any particular coast. Note the Neva river (a thick blue line) runs through Ingria.

• River Don: Fleets may move from Voronezh (wc) to Crimea and vice versa.

• Red arrows indicate that two spaces are adjacent to another.

• Constantinople encompasses Northwestern Anatolia, much of mainland Greece and Thrace as well as the Sea of Marmara. So the space borders the Ionian Sea (among other spaces) to the West.

• Note that the Atlantic and Indian Oceans adjoin. In other words, fleets may "circumnavigate Africa".

• Ducal Prussia and Courland are adjacent, whereas the Baltic Sea and Samogitia are not.

== Civil Disorder (Optional Rule) ==

If a player is lost during the game, the GM is strongly encouraged to find a replacement player for the affected Great Power rather than have it lapse into civil disorder. In the event no replacement player is found and the GM declares the Great Power to be in permanent civil disorder, the following rules apply:

* All units of the Great Power in civil disorder (GPCD) are immediately disbanded.
* All SCs controlled by the GPCD that are unoccupied are immediately considered newly independent minor powers. Minor power army units are built in those minor power spaces.
* All SCs controlled by the GPCD that are occupied by a unit belonging to another Great Power are unaffected. If the occupying Great Power moves its unit out of the GPCD’s SC so that the SC is unoccupied at the conclusion of a Fall turn, a minor power army unit is built there and that SC is considered a newly independent minor power.
* For the remainder of the game, all newly independent minor powers are subject to the provisions of regarding minor powers. In particular, this means the new minor power can be influenced using Diplomacy Points and are considered a power's client if so designated on the map.
* Once a Great Power is declared to be in permanent civil disorder, it may not be played by an active player again.

= Game Notes =

Two detailed articles about the variant may be found in previous DIPLOMACY WORLD issues:

[http://www.diplomacyworld.net/pdf/dw106.pdf First Article]

[http://www.diplomacyworld.net/pdf/dw107.pdf Second Article]

Note that these articles are based on an earlier variant version.

== Brief Introduction to the Major Powers ==

===Austria===
* Emperor Ferdinand III (1637-57)
* Head of Privy Council: Max, Count Trauttmannsdorff (1634-50)

''AUSTRIA is bang in the centre of the map. Lots of growth options (especially HRE, Italy, South-Eastern "Borderlands" minor power cluster), but doesn't really have the prospect of ever establishing a secure edge position.

===Denmark-Norway===
* King Frederick III

''DENMARK-NORWAY is stringed along a North-South Axis. Effectively sandwiched between England and Sweden. Well-positioned to expand southwards into the HRE goodies. But that further stretches DN on that vertical axis. So at some point Denmark will have to consolidate a more compact position by either turning East or West. Position favours a nice mix of fleets and armies.

===Commonwealth of England===
* Oliver Cromwell (Lord Protector, 1653-58)

''ENGLAND starts off smaller than any other power. But in a good position to secure her Celtic backyard and thus gain those extra build sites. A major advantage balancing her modest initial size is that she holds considerable diplomatic trump cards. Danish-Swedish and Franco-Spanish relations have a lot of in-built friction. That's something Cromwell needs to exploit to good effect. Under wise rule, England will often prosper (as in the present game). Intially small, diplomatically favoured, most navally oriented power, island position: Those factors make England very unique.

===France===
* King Louis XIV, the Sun King (1643-1715)
* Chief Minister: Jules Mazarin (1643-61)

''FRANCE enjoys the most compact starting-position of any power. All three initial SCs adjoin. This considerably helps home defence. Louis XIV is well-positioned to secure Lorraine, a potential French build site. Good access to the central minor power cluster. Plus access to the Atlantic sphere. One key question the Sun-King will have to adress is how to deal with Spain - a power which half-encircles "la hexagone". A Franco-Spanish alliance could be very strong. But the temptation for either power to attack the other is also there. Already a sortie by the Brest fleet into the Cantabrian Sea creates considerable difficulties for Spain. Though a move to ENG is also strong and might smother England before Cromwell can consolidate his position. More defensive play might mean bouncing A Flanders in Normandy and thus concentrating on the East for early builds. Successful eastward expansion could bring France into collision course with the Emperor. Indeed seizing the Imperial Crown is possible! But one can also nicely divide the central spoils with Austria: Lorraine, Switzerland and Savoy being within the French sphere, Swabia possibly left as a minor power buffer and Austria taking Saxony-Bavaria-Venice. With such an arrangement extended by France taking Tuscany and Austria the Papal States, the only place where the two spheres immediately touch would be on the Tus-Pap border. A perfectly sustainable arrangement for both, allowing France to focus on other theatres of operations. Or not, if France opts for a continued push eastwards.... I believe France faces lots of interesting challenges and options. Compact, somewhat more land-based than naval orientation, interesting question regarding Spanish "encirclement", Turkey very much a natural ally... Some key facets of France's position.

===Poland-Lithuania===
* King John II Casimir (1648-68)

''POLAND-LITHUANIA is a central power. Key for her is the Russo-Swedish-Polish triangle. I rate Austria and Denmark as natural allies. Good access to minor powers. A whopping three additional potential build sites promises considerable flexibility. Very much a land-based power. Non-contiguous home SCs somewhat complicate home defence. Though Warsaw is the only great power home SC no other rival can threaten within the opening year. So that compensates for Vilna being fairly vulnerable to attack. Relations with Russia are tricky. A bit like Austro-Turkish relations in Standard. Though with Sweden and Turkey on Russia's flanks, there are ways to keep the Czar honest without actually storming the East. Though if doing so, Poland might anchor her position along the map edge.

===Russia (Muscovy)===
* Tsar Alexis (1645-76)

''RUSSIA enjoys an edge position. But it may not feel like one. For, by design, it's nothing like the fairly secure corner position Standard's "witches" can call their own. Russia is best-placed to seize the Crimea. A potential Russian build site. The Polish-Swedish-Russian triangle (or Baltic quadrangle, if you include Denmark in the equation) is a key concern for the Czar. Courland being a point of Polish-Swedish contention presents considerable diplomatic opportunity. Regarding the Sublime Porte, Russia arguably holds the better diplomatic cards in that it can more gravely threaten Turkey than vice versa. Austria and especially Spain might prove very handy allies in a crusading campaign. A more secure edge position beckons following such a campaign. And would make Central Asia (Persia, Turkestan) an undisputed Russian domain. Russia is among the least maritime-oriented powers. But it has immediate access to the Northern Seas, potential access to the Baltic and Black Seas (also Caspian, but that is very much a backwater which very rarely should see any action).

===Spain===
* King Phillip IV (1621-65)

''SPAIN is all over the place! Flanders and Naples are very far removed from Iberia. Of these, Naples is far more important. Indeed, I rate Naples as Spain's most useful home SC. Building an empire in the Central Mediterranean may be key to Spanish success. As for Flanders, it's not even a home SC! So really no prospect of reinforcements there. It's more of a diplomatic pawn than a base for sustained expansion. So A Flanders should best be viewed as being subservient to Spain's wider cause. The Army of Flanders could indeed prove a useful wandering nomad. Spain's fundamentally a Mediterreanean power. She will try to secure the Maghreb for herself and link up Iberia with Naples. Naturally such Mediterranean ambitions impinge on Turkish interests. Spain's nightmare is a Franco-Turkish alliance against her. As such, any attack of hers against either could see the other quickly joining the party. This danger seriously complicates plans for attacking either and means that Spain should adopt a very broad diplomatic outlook, making sure France and Turkey are kept preoccupied in other theatres of operations. Spain, yet more than other powers, needs to play the whole board! Spanish summary: Far-flung domains, four initial units, threat of Franco-Turkish alliance, generally naval orientation, needs to play the "whole board" yet more than others, generally perceived as strong and as such probably often at a disadvantage in DP contests, can consolidate a powerful Mediterranean corner position.

===Sweden===
* Queen Christine (1632-54)

''SWEDEN shares two characteristics with Spain: Both have four non-contiguous initial SCs. Though these are all arrayed around the Baltic. As such, turning the Baltic into a Swedish lake should be a priority. Denmark most immediately poses a threat to such Baltic hegemony, but so might Russia and Poland further down the road. As for expansion at the expense of minor powers, Stockholm might not have the easiest time of it. In Northern Germany, Sweden has the first claim to Brandenburg, but beyond that SC, it'd be stepping on other powers' toes. Indeed, the HRE might be described as a dangerous pool of sharks. Especially the two Scandinavians' spheres of interest tend to overlap there. As for the Baltic SC cluster (Ducal Prussia, Courland), expansion there poses potential difficulties with Poland. In brief: Sweden may be envied by others for starting off with four units. But in all likelihood with have to work harder for her first gains! Indeed, such are those difficulties that Sweden may be among those powers most ready to immediately invade another great power. The position thus encourages early aggressive play as befits Vasa warrior-kings!

===Turkey===
* Sultan Mehmed IV, the Hunter (1648-87
* Regent: Kösem Sultan
* Grand Vizier: Sofu Mehmed Pasha (1648-49)

''TURKEY might consider itself a corner power. But that corner is initially very vulnerable. Her neighbours have good reason not to let her consolidate that corner position. To the West, the two Habsburg powers are natural allies. They could very effectively pool DPs. The Venetians on Crete could thus help the Spaniards storm Constantinople. Or the Wallachians ease the Austrians' path into Belgrade. And then there's the Czar... Any move by the Czar into Armenia will cause the Sultan fits! So while Turkey benefits from plenty of growth options around her, I'd say no other power is as vulnerable to a devastating opening attack. If the Sultan overcomes that initial vulnerability, then much can be made of that position. Armies and fleets may well play an equal role in Turkish plans. Perhaps moreso than any other power. Diplomatically speaking, France is very much a natural ally. And Spain arguably the most dangerous foe. The Med may often amount to an expensive Turkish-Spanish zero-sum contest and may often be Turkey's primary theatre of operations.
''

== Version Changelog since v2.0==

* Asterisk = SC province
* @ = adjacent to
* > = renamed

'''2.1'''
* Space Additions: Karelia, Persia*, Polotsk, Trondheim, Tunis*, Urals
* Space Removals: Archangel, Foix, Lancashire, Lyon*, Smolensk
* Altered Adjacencies: Constantinope* @ Belgrade*/Illyria, Leon @ Gascony/Aragon, Novgorod* @ Norwegian Sea, Seville @ Morocco, Voronezh @ Armenia/Persia*
* Name Change: Vitebsk > Smolensk

'''2.2'''
* Space Additions: Caspian Sea, Mesopotamia, Sardinia
* Altered Adjacencies: Astrakhan @ Persia*

'''2.3'''
* Altered Adjacencies: Christiania* @ Lapland
* Name Changes: Trondheim > Northern Norway

'''2.5'''
* Space Additions: Azerbaijan, Candia*, Permia, Turkestan*
* Altered Adjacencies: Norwegian Sea @ Karelia, Novgorod*, Permia
* Name Change: Urals > Siberia

'''2.8'''
* Space Additions: Hesse, Lower Saxony*

'''2.9'''
* Space Additions: Cantabrian Sea, Sicily
* Altered Adjacencies: Flanders* @ North Sea, Bavaria* @ Saxony*

'''3.0'''
* Space Addition: Lake Ladoga

'''3.1'''
* Space Additions: Gulf of Sidra, Luxembourg, Strait of Sicily
* Altered Adjacencies: Lombardy @ Papal States*, Paris @ Luxembourg

'''3.2'''
* Space Additions: Franconia, Royal Prussia
* Altered Adjacencies: Armenia @ Karaman
* Name Changes: Normandy > Picardy, Prussia > Ducal Prussia

'''3.3'''
* Space Additions: Onega, Smolensk
* Altered Adjacencies: Moscow* @ Norwegian Sea/Permia
* Name Changes: Polotsk > Polish Livonia, Smolensk (old space) > Vitebsk

'''3.4'''
* Rules Change: Victory criterion lowered from 18 to 15 SCs
* Space Additions: Arabia, Indian Ocean, Sahara, Terra Incognita (impassable)
* Altered Adjacencies: Damascus @ Indian Ocean (thereby bicoastal), Franconia @ Hesse
* Name Changes: Eastern Mediterranean Sea > Levantine Sea, Western Mediterranean Sea > Barbary Sea, Mid-Atlantic Ocean > Atlantic Ocean, North-Atlantic Ocean > Caledonian Ocean, North Sea > German Sea

'''3.5'''
* Rules Change: England is entitled to 3 DPs each (rather than just 2) for the opening year's spring and fall seasons.
* Space Additions: Black Ruthenia
* Altered Adjacencies: Brest* @ Marseille*

'''3.6'''
* Space Additions: Extremadura, La Mancha
* Altered Adjacencies: Lombardy @ Tyrolia

'''3.7'''
* Rules Change: Victory criterion increased from 15 to 16 SCs
* Altered Adjacencies: Black Ruthenia @ White Ruthenia
* Name Changes: Rhineland-Westphalia > Rhineland, Marseilles > Marseille
* Cosmetic Map Change: Lombardy's borders redrawn so as to include the Free State of Grisons (i.e. the later Swiss canton of Graubünden) instead of a portion of Venetian territory.

'''4.3'''
* Rules Change: HRE-specific rules abolished
* Space Additions: Albania, Bosnia, Styria
* Space Removals: Azerbaijan, Devon (incorporated into London), Illyria, Onega
* Altered Adjacencies: Astrakhan @ Siberia, Moscow @ Severia & White Ruthenia, Novgorod @ Karelia, Permia & Siberia, Belgrade @ Adriatic Sea

'''4.4'''
* Rules Change: France gets 6 DPs, while the other Great Powers receive only 3.
* Altered Adjacencies: Franconia @ Vienna

'''4.6'''
* Space Removals: Styria

'''4.8'''
* Rules Change: Victory criterion increased from 16 to 17 SCs
* New Minor Power: Croatia (i.e promoted to SC/minor power status)
* Space Removals: Gulf of Sirte
* Altered Adjacencies: Bristol @ Ireland

'''4.9'''
* Rules Change: Victory criterion increased from 17 to 18 SCs
* Space Additions: Cornwall

'''5.0'''
* Rules Change: Certain powers have vassals. Their DPs allocated to these are increased by one in value. Once controlled, the vassal's SC serves its overlord as a build site.
* Space Additions: Styria
* Space Removals: Cornwall
* Altered Adjacencies: Bristol no longer borders Ireland

'''5.1'''
* Vassal Status Change: Croatia is considered a Turkish vassal.
* Unit Change: Austria starts with a fleet in Trieste instead of an army.

'''5.4'''
* Space Addition: Gulf of Venice

'''5.5'''
* Altered Adjacencies: Levantine Sea @ Strait of Sicily & Tunis.
* Rules Change: Victory requires not only 18 SCs, but also 2 more SCs than the second-strongest power.

'''5.6'''
* Space Additions: Anhalt, East Frisia, Brunswick
* Space Removal: Lower Saxony

'''5.7'''
* Space Removal: Yorkshire
* Rules Change: A surviving vassal's SCs count for victory purposes towards its suzerain's SC total.
* Rules Change: Minor powers may perform sorties. At least one player needs to spend two DPs on a sortie order for it to be valid.

'''5.8'''
* Vassal Status Change: Ducal Prussia is no longer a Polish vassal. Nor is Savoy a French one anymore.
* Rules Change: France's DP budget is reduced from 6 to 5 DPs.
* Rules Change: The DP bonus increases by one after every three turns.
* Rules Change: -1 DP penalty for each originally owned SC which is foreign-controlled.
* Rules Change: Certain powers have junior allies. Their DPs allocated to these are increased after every three turns by 1 in value.
* Rules Change: HRE minors count towards Austria's victory tally. Austria also receives beginning with Fall 1650 a DP bonus for these.
* Ally Additions: Bavaria, Portugal, Rhineland, Savoy, Transylvania become French allies.
* Build Site Additions: Croatia and Transylvania for Austria, Ducal Prussia and Moldavia for Poland, Crimea and Ukraine for Russia.

'''6.5'''
* Rule Change: Remote Turkestan Rule
* Rule Change: 2 DPs only in one minor power. Rule geared towards limiting France's advantage.
* Rule Change: May no longer allocate DPs to a minor one intends to support an attack against.
* Abolished Rule: "If, during a Spring or Fall turn, a Great Power allocates more DPs to minor powers than it is entitled to, all of that Great Power’s DPs are forfeited for that particular turn."
* Rules Change: Vassals and Allies now effectively operate the same way. Only feature: Increasing DP bonus for patron. No more impact on victory for vassals/allies/imperial subjects.
* Ally Changes: Ukraine Russian instead of Polish, Portugal English instead of French, Croatia no longer Turkish vassal, Savoy no longer French ally, Persia Austrian ally
* Build Site Additions: England - Holland & Morocco, Poland - Wallachia, no longer Ukraine, Lorraine no longer French build site
* Name Change: United Provinces > Holland
* Altered Adjacencies: Gascony @ Paris, Bulgaria @ Hungary, Brunswick not @ Brandenburg, Atlantic Ocean @ Egypt
* Space Addition: Silistria

'''7.3'''
* Rule Change: Remote Turkestan Rule abolished.
* Rule Change: Imperial Subjects Rule abolished.
* Rule Change: 2 DPs (one each from two powers) suffice for a sortie order to be considered by the GM.
* Client Additions: Austria - Candia,Poland - Saxony, Russia - Turkestan, Sweden - Mecklenburg, Swabia.
* Build Site Additions: Denmark - Brunswick, France - Flanders, Lorraine, Sweden - Brandenburg.
* Name Change: Dauphiné > Dauphiny

'''7.5'''
* Build Site Additions: France - Savoy, Spain - Tuscany
* Space Addition: Kartli

'''7.6'''
* Client Change: Courland an English client instead of Poland's.
* Build Site Additions: Turkey - Algiers, Tunis.

'''8.2'''
* Rule Change: For a sortie order for a client minor power to be considered by the GM when determining which order that minor power will execute, the sortie needs to be backed by its patron OR requires two or more DPs from other great powers. No such restrictions are in place for non-client minor powers.
* Rule Change: The DP bonus increases only after every two years.
* Client Additions: England - Brunswick, Spain - Ireland, Savoy.
* Client Removals: England - Courland, Ireland.
* Space Addition: Oldenburg, Mazovia, Vladimir.
* Space Removal: East Frisia.
* Name Change: Astrakhan > Kazan
* Altered Adjacencies: Atlantic Ocean @ Bristol, Gulf of Bothnia @ Ducal Prussia, Kazan @ Moscow, Aegean Sea @ Damascus.

'''8.4'''
* Unit Change: Ducal Prussia has a fleet instead of an army.
* Client Removal: Savoy is no longer a Spanish client.

'''8.5'''
* Client Removal: Brunswick is no longer an English client.
* Space Removals: Extremadura, La Mancha.

'''8.6'''
* Client Change: Ireland becomes an English client instead of a Spanish one.

'''8.7'''
* Space Removal: Black Ruthenia.
* Don River: Fleets may move from Voronezh (wc) to Crimea and vice versa.

'''8.8'''
* Client Change: Ukraine becomes a Swedish instead of a Russian client. Courland becomes a Russian client.

'''8.9'''
* Client Change: Lorraine no longer a French client.
* Space Additions: Extremadura, La Mancha.

'''Summary v8.6'''

* Since v2.0 a new 42 spaces have been added to the game, while 14 have been removed, i.e. a net addition of 28 spaces (among which are 5 SC provinces). The game now includes 139 spaces. 60 of these are SC provinces.

* As such the map now has a considerably higher buffer-to-SC ratio. It rose from 1.91 to 2.32 (v8.6). Standard Diplomacy clocks in at 2.2. Stephen Agar once recommended remain within the 2.0 to 2.5 range.

= Space Names and Abbreviations v8.8=

All spaces on the 1648 map, along with their abbreviations, are listed below. SCs are annotated with an asterisk (*).

<tt>
Abo* Abo
Adriatic Sea ADR
Aegean Sea AEG
Albania Alb
Algiers* Alg

Anhalt Anh
Arabia Ara
Aragon Arg
Arctic Ocean ARC
Armenia Arm

Atlantic Ocean ATL
Baltic Sea BAL
Barbary Sea BAR
Bavaria* Bav
Bay of Luebeck BOL

Belgrade* Bel
Black Sea BLA
Bohuslan Boh
Bosnia Bos
Brandenburg* Bra

Brest* Bre
Bristol* Bri
Brunswick* Bwk
Bulgaria Bul
Caledonian Ocean CAL

Candia* Cnd
Cantabrian Sea CAN
Caspian Sea CAS
Christiania* Chr
Constantinople* Con

Copenhagen* Cop
Courland* Cou
Cracow* Cra
Crimea* Cri
Croatia* Cro

Dalmatia Dal
Damascus* Dam
Dauphiny Dau
Ducal Prussia* DPr
Egypt Egy

English Channel ENG
Finnmark Fin
Flanders* Fla
Franconia Fra
Gascony Gas

German Sea GER
Greater Poland GPo
Gulf of Bothnia GOB
Gulf of Lion GOL
Gulf of Venice GOV

Helgoland Bight HEL
Hesse Hes
Holland* UPr
Holstein* Hol
Hungary Hun

Iceland Ice
Indian Ocean IND
Ingria Ing
Ionian Sea ION
Ireland* Ire

Irish Sea IRI
Karaman Krm
Karelia Kar
Kartli Ktl
Kazan Kaz

Lake Ladoga LLA
Lapland Lap
Leon Leo
Levantine Sea LEV
Lombardy Lom

London* Lon
Lorraine* Lor
Luxembourg Lux
Madrid* Mad
Marseille* Mar

Mazovia Maz
Mecklenburg* Mec
Mesopotamia Mes
Moldavia* Mol
Morocco* Mor

Moscow* Mos
Naples* Nap
Norwegian Sea NOR
Novgorod* Nov
Oldenburg* Old

Papal States* Pap
Paris* Par
Permia Prm
Persia* Per
Picardy Pic

Podolia Pod
Polish Livonia PLi
Portugal* Por
Prague* Pra
Pskov Psk

Riga* Rig
Rhineland* Rhi
Royal Prussia RPr
Sahara Sah
Samogitia Sam

Sardinia Sar
Savoy* Sav
Saxony* Sax
Scania Sca
Scotland* Sco

Severia Svr
Seville* Sev
Siberia Sib
Sicily Sic
Silesia Sil

Silistria Sls
Skagerrak SKA
Slovakia Slo
Smolensk Smo
Stettin* Ste

Stockholm* Sto
Strait of Sicily SOS
Styria Sty
Swabia* Swa
Switzerland* Swi

Transylvania* Tra
Trieste* Tri
Tunis* Tun
Turkestan* Tur
Tuscany* Tus

Tyrolia Tyr
Tyrrhenian Sea TYS
Ukraine* Ukr
Venice* Ven
Vienna* Vie

Vilna* Vil
Vitebsk Vit
Vladimir Vla
Volhynia Vol
Voronezh* Vor

Wallachia* Wal
Warsaw* War
White Ruthenia WRu

</tt>

0 to D Variant Names

2017-06-05T11:16:45Z

Charlesf:

* [[1600]]
* [[1648 v30]]
* [[1648 v33]]
* [[1648 v35]]
* [[1648 v3.7]]
* [[1648 v4.3]]
* [[1648 v4.4]]
* [[1648 v4.6]]
* [[1648 v4.8]]
* [[1648 v4.9]]
* [[1648 v5.0]]
* [[1648 v5.1]]
* [[1648 v5.5]]
* [[1648 v5.6]]
* [[1648 v5.7]]
* [[1648 v5.8]]
* [[1648 v6.5]]
* [[1648 v7.3]]
* [[1648 v7.5]]
* [[1648 v7.6]]
* [[1648 v8.2]]
* [[1648 v8.4]]
* [[1648 v8.5]]
* [[1648 v8.6]]
* [[1648 v8.8]]
* [[1648 v8.9]]
* [[1720]]
* [[1847]]
* [[1885]]
* [[1897]]
* [[1898]]
* [[1900]]
* [[1913]]
* [[1926]]
* [[1936 v1.1]]
* [[1936 v1.3]]
* [[1936 v1.5]]
* [[1936 v1.7]]
* [[1936 v2.0]]
* [[1936 v2.2]]
* [[1936 v2.5]]
* [[1936 v2.6]]
* [[1936 v2.9]]
* [[1936 v3.3]]
* [[1936 v3.4]]
* [[1936 v3.5]]
* [[1939]]
* 1939.Blitzkrieg, see: [[Blitzkrieg]]
* [[30JK Diplomacy]] (30 years war)
* [[7 Island]]
* [[Aberration]]
* [[Abstraction2]]
* [[Aegean]]
* [[African Diplomacy]] (I and II)
* [[African Riots]]
* [[Ambition and Empire]]
* Americas, see: [[War in the Americas]]
* [[Anarchy]]
* [[Ancient Mediterranean]]
* [[Ancient World]]
* [[Aotearoa]]
* [[Arctic]]
* [[Arab]]
* [[Asia]]
* [[Babylon 5]]
* [[Balkan]]
* [[Balkans1860]]
* [[Balkan War]]
* [[Baltic]]
* [[Black Hole]] (3 variations)
* [[Blitzkrieg]]
* [[Bourse]]
* [[Britain]]
* [[Canton]]
* [[Canton 3]]
* [[Catspaw]]
* [[Chaos]]
* [[ChessDip]]
* [[Chicago]]
* [[Chromatic]]
* [[CivDip|Civilization Diplomacy]]
* [[Classical]]
* [[Cold War]]
* [[Colonia VIIb]]
* [[Colonial]]
* [[Confederate]]
* [[Congress of Vienna]]
* [[Conquest Of The Americas]]
* [[Consolidation 1865]]
* [[Crisis]]
* [[Crowded]]
* [[Crusades]]
* [[Crystal Ball]]
* [[Dark Ages]]
* [[Deluge]]
* [[Deutsches Reich 1871]]
* [[Diplomyddiaeth Gymreig]]
* [[Diplowinn]]
* [[Double Diplomacy]]
* [[Duo]]

'''Other Variants:'''
* [[Build Variations]]
* [[E to L Variant Names]]
* [[M to S Variant Names]]
* [[T to Z Variant Names]]
* [[Variants by Subject]]

1648 v8.8

2017-06-02T20:56:40Z

Charlesf: /* Map Clarifications */

[[Category:Variant]]
= Introduction =

1648 is a nine-player Diplomacy variant set in Europe following the Peace of Westphalia, the first adjucated season being Spring 1649.

1648's rules are based upon those of Ambition & Empire, a variant designed by Jeff Kase and Baron Powell. As its most striking departure from Standard Diplomacy, the latter first featured armed neutrals whose actions players may secretly influence by bidding Diplomacy Points (DPs).

Should you be interested in joining or observing a future game, contact [mailto:cfeaux@gmail.com me.]

= Maps =

The map (v8.8) with starting units:

[[Image:1648_88 units.gif]]

The map (v8.8) with space abbreviations:

[[Image:1648_88.gif]]

= Rules =

All the rules of standard Diplomacy apply save those noted below:

== Great Powers ==
===Initial Setup===

Austria: A Prague, F Trieste, A Vienna.
Denmark-Norway: F Christiania, F Copenhagen, A Holstein.
England: F Bristol, F London.
France: F Brest, A Marseilles, A Paris.
Poland-Lithuania: A Cracow, A Vilna, A Warsaw.
Russia (Muscovy): A Moscow, A Novgorod, A Voronezh.
Spain: A Flanders, A Madrid, F Naples, F Seville.
Sweden: A Abo, A Riga, A Stettin, F Stockholm (East Coast).
Turkey (Ottoman Empire): A Belgrade, F Constantinople, A Damascus.

=== Home Supply Centers (HSCs) ===

Austria: Prague, Trieste, Vienna.
Denmark-Norway: Christiania, Copenhagen, Holstein.
England: Bristol, London.
France: Brest, Marseille, Paris.
Poland-Lithuania: Cracow, Vilna, Warsaw.
Russia (Muscovy): Moscow, Novgorod, Voronezh.
Spain: Madrid, Naples, Seville.
Sweden: Abo, Riga, Stettin, Stockholm.
Turkey (Ottoman Empire): Belgrade, Constantinople, Damascus.

Flanders is not considered a Spanish HSC and therefore does not serve as a Spanish build site.

These great powers may also build (once controlled) in:

Austria: Croatia, Transylvania.
Denmark-Norway: Oldenburg.
England: Brunswick, Holland, Ireland, Morocco, Scotland.
France: Flanders, Lorraine, Savoy.
Poland-Lithuania: Courland, Ducal Prussia, Moldavia, Wallachia.
Russia (Muscovy): Ukraine, Crimea.
Spain: Tuscany.
Sweden: Brandenburg.
Turkey (Ottoman Empire): Algiers, Tunis.

== Minor Powers ==

In addition to the nine Great Powers, there is also a host of "minor powers", which are non-player neutral Supply Centres (SCs) representing the smaller states of Europe, North Africa and the Near East. These include (space names in bold) the following:

* The Regency of '''Algiers''' (an autonomous province of the Ottoman Empire)
* The Electorate of '''Bavaria'''
* The Electorate of '''Brandenburg'''
* The Duchy of '''Brunswick'''
* The Venetian Colony of '''Candia'''
* The Duchy of '''Courland''' (an autonomous fiefdom of Poland-Lithuania)
* Kingdom of '''Croatia''' (representing independent-minded nobles and corsairs)
* The '''Rhineland''' (representing various territories belonging to the Lower-Rhenish, Electoral Rhenish and Lower Saxonian imperial circles)
* The Khanate of '''Crimea''' (a vassal state of the Ottoman Empire that includes the lands of the Crimean and Nagay Tatars)
* '''Holland'''(representing the United Provinces of the Netherlands)
* The Kingdom of '''Ireland'''
* The Duchy of '''Lorraine'''
* '''Mecklenburg''' (representing the Duchies of Mecklenburg)
* The Principality of '''Moldavia'''
* The Sultanate of '''Morocco'''
* The '''Papal States'''
* The Shahdom of '''Persia'''
* The Kingdom of '''Portugal'''
* The Duchy of '''Prussia''' (an autonomous fiefdom of Poland-Lithuania, called "Ducal Prussia" in the game as there's also a "Royal Prussia" space)
* The Duchy of '''Savoy'''
* The Electorate of '''Saxony'''
* The Kingdom of '''Scotland'''
* '''Swabia''' (representing various territories belonging to the Swabian and Upper Rhenish imperial circles)
* The Swiss Confederation ('''Switzerland''')
* The Principality of '''Transylvania'''
* The Regency of '''Tunis''' (an autonomous province of the Ottoman Empire)
* The Khanates of '''Turkestan'''
* The Grand Duchy of '''Tuscany'''
* The Republic of '''Venice'''
* The Cossack Hetmanate of the '''Ukraine'''
* The Principality of '''Wallachia'''

Each minor power, although a "non-player," starts with a unit (unit colour is white). All minor powers start with an army except for the following minors that start with a fleet: Algiers, Candia, Courland, Ducal Prussia, Holland, Morocco, Portugal, Scotland, Tunis and Venice.

Minor power units prevent a Great Power from simply moving into an empty space and gaining control of the SC. To occupy a minor power SC, a Great Power will need to move in with support. A minor power unit that is forced to retreat is disbanded. If a Great Power does not occupy the minor power SC at the end of a Fall turn, the minor power’s unit is automatically rebuilt in the Winter.

A Great Power controls a minor power SC when one of its units occupies the space after a Fall turn has been played and completed. Once a Great Power gains control of a minor power SC, it can leave the SC vacant and still keep control of it as long as that SC is not occupied by another Great Power at the close of a Fall turn.

Minor power units do nothing but hold in place, unless the unit has been ordered by a Great Power using its Diplomacy Points.

== Diplomacy Points ==

Each Great Power receives a set number of Diplomacy Points (DPs) every Spring and Fall turn. '''France gets 5 DPs, while the other Great Power are allocated 3 DPs each. Deduct 1 DP from a Great Power's DP budget for each SC it originally owned, yet is controlled by another power.'''

During each Spring and Fall turn, each Great Power may allocate DPs to minor powers that still have units on the map. '''A Great Power may only allocate one DP to a given power except for one minor power where an additional DP might be allocated (i.e. two).'''

'''A Major Power may not allocate any DPs to a minor power SC it intends to attack (or support an attack against) during the current game turn.'''

For each DP allocated, the allocating Great Power submits an order for that particular minor power’s unit. A Great Power may order a minor power to move, hold or support. '''A minor power's unit given a move order (also known as a "sortie") will not actually move. However, the move action may cut support and bounce other units.'''

'''If a minor power unit is given a move order that under Standard rules would result in it moving, the order will result in the unit remaining in its starting territory, but no other unit may retreat or move into the territory the minor successfully attacked. A unit already in the target territory at turn start will not be dislodged.'''

The GM determines how DPs have been allocated. In the event of a conflict, an order for a particular minor power’s unit is followed if it is supported by more DPs than any conflicting order.

'''For a sortie order for a client minor power to be considered by the GM when determining which order that minor power will execute, the sortie needs to be backed by its patron OR requires two or more DPs from other great powers. No such restrictions are in place for non-client minor powers.'''

Unused DPs may not be carried over into the next turn. They are simply lost.

Players are not required to tell each other how they allocated their DPs. Just as with negotiations, players may honour their agreements with other players or not, as they see fit. Only the GM will know how Great Powers have allocated their DPs. DP allocation is not published in the adjudication; only the end results are published.

Example:
<blockquote>
''In Spring 1649, Austria allocates one DP to Swabia to get it to support an Austrian attack on Bavaria. France allocates one DP to Swabia to get it to support a French attack on Lorraine. In support of Austria, Spain allocates one DP to Swabia to get it to support the Austrian attack on Bavaria. Although Austria, France and Spain each allocated one DP to Swabia, the Austrians get the Swabian support because the Spaniards supported the Austrian diplomatic efforts with the Swabians.''</blockquote>

== Clients==

A minor power may be a client (or junior ally) of a great power (i.e. patron, senior ally).

Benefits of being a minor power's patron:

* '''Any DPs a patron allocates to a client are initially boosted by one in value. After every two years this bonus increases by one (i.e. the DP bonus rises to 2 for the Spring 1651 season, to 3 for the Spring 1653 season, etc).

These are the respective powers' clients:

Austria: Candia, Persia.
England: Ireland, Portugal, Scotland.
France: Bavaria, Lorraine, Rhineland, Transylvania, Venice.
Poland-Lithuania: Moldavia, Saxony, Wallachia.
Russia: Turkestan.
Sweden: Mecklenburg, Swabia, Ukraine.
Turkey (Ottoman Empire): Algiers, Crimea, Tunis.

== Victory Conditions ==

As soon as one Great Power controls '''18 SCs''', the game ends immediately and the player representing that Great Power is the winner.

If two Great Powers each gain control of 18 or more SCs at the same time, the player representing the Great Power with the most SCs is considered the winner. If the two Great Powers each control the same number of SCs, the game continues until one player has 18 or more SCs and that player has more SCs than any other player.

Players may terminate the game by mutual agreement before a winner is determined. If this occurs, any decision reached by the players (e.g. concede game to one player, concede game to an alliance) must be accepted unanimously. If the players cannot agree, all players who still have pieces on the board when the game ends share equally in a draw.

== Map Clarifications ==

• Constantinople, Copenhagen, Ingria and Scania are canal provinces and hence fleets located there are not designated as being on any particular coast. Note the Neva river (a thick blue line) runs through Ingria.

• River Don: Fleets may move from Voronezh (wc) to Crimea and vice versa.

• Red arrows indicate that two spaces are adjacent to another.

• Constantinople encompasses Northwestern Anatolia, much of mainland Greece and Thrace as well as the Sea of Marmara. So the space borders the Ionian Sea (among other spaces) to the West.

• Note that the Atlantic and Indian Oceans adjoin. In other words, fleets may "circumnavigate Africa".

• Ducal Prussia and Courland are adjacent, whereas the Baltic Sea and Samogitia are not.

== Civil Disorder (Optional Rule) ==

If a player is lost during the game, the GM is strongly encouraged to find a replacement player for the affected Great Power rather than have it lapse into civil disorder. In the event no replacement player is found and the GM declares the Great Power to be in permanent civil disorder, the following rules apply:

* All units of the Great Power in civil disorder (GPCD) are immediately disbanded.
* All SCs controlled by the GPCD that are unoccupied are immediately considered newly independent minor powers. Minor power army units are built in those minor power spaces.
* All SCs controlled by the GPCD that are occupied by a unit belonging to another Great Power are unaffected. If the occupying Great Power moves its unit out of the GPCD’s SC so that the SC is unoccupied at the conclusion of a Fall turn, a minor power army unit is built there and that SC is considered a newly independent minor power.
* For the remainder of the game, all newly independent minor powers are subject to the provisions of regarding minor powers. In particular, this means the new minor power can be influenced using Diplomacy Points and are considered a power's client if so designated on the map.
* Once a Great Power is declared to be in permanent civil disorder, it may not be played by an active player again.

= Game Notes =

Two detailed articles about the variant may be found in previous DIPLOMACY WORLD issues:

[http://www.diplomacyworld.net/pdf/dw106.pdf First Article]

[http://www.diplomacyworld.net/pdf/dw107.pdf Second Article]

Note that these articles are based on an earlier variant version.

== Brief Introduction to the Major Powers ==

===Austria===
* Emperor Ferdinand III (1637-57)
* Head of Privy Council: Max, Count Trauttmannsdorff (1634-50)

''AUSTRIA is bang in the centre of the map. Lots of growth options (especially HRE, Italy, South-Eastern "Borderlands" minor power cluster), but doesn't really have the prospect of ever establishing a secure edge position.

===Denmark-Norway===
* King Frederick III

''DENMARK-NORWAY is stringed along a North-South Axis. Effectively sandwiched between England and Sweden. Well-positioned to expand southwards into the HRE goodies. But that further stretches DN on that vertical axis. So at some point Denmark will have to consolidate a more compact position by either turning East or West. Position favours a nice mix of fleets and armies.

===Commonwealth of England===
* Oliver Cromwell (Lord Protector, 1653-58)

''ENGLAND starts off smaller than any other power. But in a good position to secure her Celtic backyard and thus gain those extra build sites. A major advantage balancing her modest initial size is that she holds considerable diplomatic trump cards. Danish-Swedish and Franco-Spanish relations have a lot of in-built friction. That's something Cromwell needs to exploit to good effect. Under wise rule, England will often prosper (as in the present game). Intially small, diplomatically favoured, most navally oriented power, island position: Those factors make England very unique.

===France===
* King Louis XIV, the Sun King (1643-1715)
* Chief Minister: Jules Mazarin (1643-61)

''FRANCE enjoys the most compact starting-position of any power. All three initial SCs adjoin. This considerably helps home defence. Louis XIV is well-positioned to secure Lorraine, a potential French build site. Good access to the central minor power cluster. Plus access to the Atlantic sphere. One key question the Sun-King will have to adress is how to deal with Spain - a power which half-encircles "la hexagone". A Franco-Spanish alliance could be very strong. But the temptation for either power to attack the other is also there. Already a sortie by the Brest fleet into the Cantabrian Sea creates considerable difficulties for Spain. Though a move to ENG is also strong and might smother England before Cromwell can consolidate his position. More defensive play might mean bouncing A Flanders in Normandy and thus concentrating on the East for early builds. Successful eastward expansion could bring France into collision course with the Emperor. Indeed seizing the Imperial Crown is possible! But one can also nicely divide the central spoils with Austria: Lorraine, Switzerland and Savoy being within the French sphere, Swabia possibly left as a minor power buffer and Austria taking Saxony-Bavaria-Venice. With such an arrangement extended by France taking Tuscany and Austria the Papal States, the only place where the two spheres immediately touch would be on the Tus-Pap border. A perfectly sustainable arrangement for both, allowing France to focus on other theatres of operations. Or not, if France opts for a continued push eastwards.... I believe France faces lots of interesting challenges and options. Compact, somewhat more land-based than naval orientation, interesting question regarding Spanish "encirclement", Turkey very much a natural ally... Some key facets of France's position.

===Poland-Lithuania===
* King John II Casimir (1648-68)

''POLAND-LITHUANIA is a central power. Key for her is the Russo-Swedish-Polish triangle. I rate Austria and Denmark as natural allies. Good access to minor powers. A whopping three additional potential build sites promises considerable flexibility. Very much a land-based power. Non-contiguous home SCs somewhat complicate home defence. Though Warsaw is the only great power home SC no other rival can threaten within the opening year. So that compensates for Vilna being fairly vulnerable to attack. Relations with Russia are tricky. A bit like Austro-Turkish relations in Standard. Though with Sweden and Turkey on Russia's flanks, there are ways to keep the Czar honest without actually storming the East. Though if doing so, Poland might anchor her position along the map edge.

===Russia (Muscovy)===
* Tsar Alexis (1645-76)

''RUSSIA enjoys an edge position. But it may not feel like one. For, by design, it's nothing like the fairly secure corner position Standard's "witches" can call their own. Russia is best-placed to seize the Crimea. A potential Russian build site. The Polish-Swedish-Russian triangle (or Baltic quadrangle, if you include Denmark in the equation) is a key concern for the Czar. Courland being a point of Polish-Swedish contention presents considerable diplomatic opportunity. Regarding the Sublime Porte, Russia arguably holds the better diplomatic cards in that it can more gravely threaten Turkey than vice versa. Austria and especially Spain might prove very handy allies in a crusading campaign. A more secure edge position beckons following such a campaign. And would make Central Asia (Persia, Turkestan) an undisputed Russian domain. Russia is among the least maritime-oriented powers. But it has immediate access to the Northern Seas, potential access to the Baltic and Black Seas (also Caspian, but that is very much a backwater which very rarely should see any action).

===Spain===
* King Phillip IV (1621-65)

''SPAIN is all over the place! Flanders and Naples are very far removed from Iberia. Of these, Naples is far more important. Indeed, I rate Naples as Spain's most useful home SC. Building an empire in the Central Mediterranean may be key to Spanish success. As for Flanders, it's not even a home SC! So really no prospect of reinforcements there. It's more of a diplomatic pawn than a base for sustained expansion. So A Flanders should best be viewed as being subservient to Spain's wider cause. The Army of Flanders could indeed prove a useful wandering nomad. Spain's fundamentally a Mediterreanean power. She will try to secure the Maghreb for herself and link up Iberia with Naples. Naturally such Mediterranean ambitions impinge on Turkish interests. Spain's nightmare is a Franco-Turkish alliance against her. As such, any attack of hers against either could see the other quickly joining the party. This danger seriously complicates plans for attacking either and means that Spain should adopt a very broad diplomatic outlook, making sure France and Turkey are kept preoccupied in other theatres of operations. Spain, yet more than other powers, needs to play the whole board! Spanish summary: Far-flung domains, four initial units, threat of Franco-Turkish alliance, generally naval orientation, needs to play the "whole board" yet more than others, generally perceived as strong and as such probably often at a disadvantage in DP contests, can consolidate a powerful Mediterranean corner position.

===Sweden===
* Queen Christine (1632-54)

''SWEDEN shares two characteristics with Spain: Both have four non-contiguous initial SCs. Though these are all arrayed around the Baltic. As such, turning the Baltic into a Swedish lake should be a priority. Denmark most immediately poses a threat to such Baltic hegemony, but so might Russia and Poland further down the road. As for expansion at the expense of minor powers, Stockholm might not have the easiest time of it. In Northern Germany, Sweden has the first claim to Brandenburg, but beyond that SC, it'd be stepping on other powers' toes. Indeed, the HRE might be described as a dangerous pool of sharks. Especially the two Scandinavians' spheres of interest tend to overlap there. As for the Baltic SC cluster (Ducal Prussia, Courland), expansion there poses potential difficulties with Poland. In brief: Sweden may be envied by others for starting off with four units. But in all likelihood with have to work harder for her first gains! Indeed, such are those difficulties that Sweden may be among those powers most ready to immediately invade another great power. The position thus encourages early aggressive play as befits Vasa warrior-kings!

===Turkey===
* Sultan Mehmed IV, the Hunter (1648-87
* Regent: Kösem Sultan
* Grand Vizier: Sofu Mehmed Pasha (1648-49)

''TURKEY might consider itself a corner power. But that corner is initially very vulnerable. Her neighbours have good reason not to let her consolidate that corner position. To the West, the two Habsburg powers are natural allies. They could very effectively pool DPs. The Venetians on Crete could thus help the Spaniards storm Constantinople. Or the Wallachians ease the Austrians' path into Belgrade. And then there's the Czar... Any move by the Czar into Armenia will cause the Sultan fits! So while Turkey benefits from plenty of growth options around her, I'd say no other power is as vulnerable to a devastating opening attack. If the Sultan overcomes that initial vulnerability, then much can be made of that position. Armies and fleets may well play an equal role in Turkish plans. Perhaps moreso than any other power. Diplomatically speaking, France is very much a natural ally. And Spain arguably the most dangerous foe. The Med may often amount to an expensive Turkish-Spanish zero-sum contest and may often be Turkey's primary theatre of operations.
''

== Version Changelog since v2.0==

* Asterisk = SC province
* @ = adjacent to
* > = renamed

'''2.1'''
* Space Additions: Karelia, Persia*, Polotsk, Trondheim, Tunis*, Urals
* Space Removals: Archangel, Foix, Lancashire, Lyon*, Smolensk
* Altered Adjacencies: Constantinope* @ Belgrade*/Illyria, Leon @ Gascony/Aragon, Novgorod* @ Norwegian Sea, Seville @ Morocco, Voronezh @ Armenia/Persia*
* Name Change: Vitebsk > Smolensk

'''2.2'''
* Space Additions: Caspian Sea, Mesopotamia, Sardinia
* Altered Adjacencies: Astrakhan @ Persia*

'''2.3'''
* Altered Adjacencies: Christiania* @ Lapland
* Name Changes: Trondheim > Northern Norway

'''2.5'''
* Space Additions: Azerbaijan, Candia*, Permia, Turkestan*
* Altered Adjacencies: Norwegian Sea @ Karelia, Novgorod*, Permia
* Name Change: Urals > Siberia

'''2.8'''
* Space Additions: Hesse, Lower Saxony*

'''2.9'''
* Space Additions: Cantabrian Sea, Sicily
* Altered Adjacencies: Flanders* @ North Sea, Bavaria* @ Saxony*

'''3.0'''
* Space Addition: Lake Ladoga

'''3.1'''
* Space Additions: Gulf of Sidra, Luxembourg, Strait of Sicily
* Altered Adjacencies: Lombardy @ Papal States*, Paris @ Luxembourg

'''3.2'''
* Space Additions: Franconia, Royal Prussia
* Altered Adjacencies: Armenia @ Karaman
* Name Changes: Normandy > Picardy, Prussia > Ducal Prussia

'''3.3'''
* Space Additions: Onega, Smolensk
* Altered Adjacencies: Moscow* @ Norwegian Sea/Permia
* Name Changes: Polotsk > Polish Livonia, Smolensk (old space) > Vitebsk

'''3.4'''
* Rules Change: Victory criterion lowered from 18 to 15 SCs
* Space Additions: Arabia, Indian Ocean, Sahara, Terra Incognita (impassable)
* Altered Adjacencies: Damascus @ Indian Ocean (thereby bicoastal), Franconia @ Hesse
* Name Changes: Eastern Mediterranean Sea > Levantine Sea, Western Mediterranean Sea > Barbary Sea, Mid-Atlantic Ocean > Atlantic Ocean, North-Atlantic Ocean > Caledonian Ocean, North Sea > German Sea

'''3.5'''
* Rules Change: England is entitled to 3 DPs each (rather than just 2) for the opening year's spring and fall seasons.
* Space Additions: Black Ruthenia
* Altered Adjacencies: Brest* @ Marseille*

'''3.6'''
* Space Additions: Extremadura, La Mancha
* Altered Adjacencies: Lombardy @ Tyrolia

'''3.7'''
* Rules Change: Victory criterion increased from 15 to 16 SCs
* Altered Adjacencies: Black Ruthenia @ White Ruthenia
* Name Changes: Rhineland-Westphalia > Rhineland, Marseilles > Marseille
* Cosmetic Map Change: Lombardy's borders redrawn so as to include the Free State of Grisons (i.e. the later Swiss canton of Graubünden) instead of a portion of Venetian territory.

'''4.3'''
* Rules Change: HRE-specific rules abolished
* Space Additions: Albania, Bosnia, Styria
* Space Removals: Azerbaijan, Devon (incorporated into London), Illyria, Onega
* Altered Adjacencies: Astrakhan @ Siberia, Moscow @ Severia & White Ruthenia, Novgorod @ Karelia, Permia & Siberia, Belgrade @ Adriatic Sea

'''4.4'''
* Rules Change: France gets 6 DPs, while the other Great Powers receive only 3.
* Altered Adjacencies: Franconia @ Vienna

'''4.6'''
* Space Removals: Styria

'''4.8'''
* Rules Change: Victory criterion increased from 16 to 17 SCs
* New Minor Power: Croatia (i.e promoted to SC/minor power status)
* Space Removals: Gulf of Sirte
* Altered Adjacencies: Bristol @ Ireland

'''4.9'''
* Rules Change: Victory criterion increased from 17 to 18 SCs
* Space Additions: Cornwall

'''5.0'''
* Rules Change: Certain powers have vassals. Their DPs allocated to these are increased by one in value. Once controlled, the vassal's SC serves its overlord as a build site.
* Space Additions: Styria
* Space Removals: Cornwall
* Altered Adjacencies: Bristol no longer borders Ireland

'''5.1'''
* Vassal Status Change: Croatia is considered a Turkish vassal.
* Unit Change: Austria starts with a fleet in Trieste instead of an army.

'''5.4'''
* Space Addition: Gulf of Venice

'''5.5'''
* Altered Adjacencies: Levantine Sea @ Strait of Sicily & Tunis.
* Rules Change: Victory requires not only 18 SCs, but also 2 more SCs than the second-strongest power.

'''5.6'''
* Space Additions: Anhalt, East Frisia, Brunswick
* Space Removal: Lower Saxony

'''5.7'''
* Space Removal: Yorkshire
* Rules Change: A surviving vassal's SCs count for victory purposes towards its suzerain's SC total.
* Rules Change: Minor powers may perform sorties. At least one player needs to spend two DPs on a sortie order for it to be valid.

'''5.8'''
* Vassal Status Change: Ducal Prussia is no longer a Polish vassal. Nor is Savoy a French one anymore.
* Rules Change: France's DP budget is reduced from 6 to 5 DPs.
* Rules Change: The DP bonus increases by one after every three turns.
* Rules Change: -1 DP penalty for each originally owned SC which is foreign-controlled.
* Rules Change: Certain powers have junior allies. Their DPs allocated to these are increased after every three turns by 1 in value.
* Rules Change: HRE minors count towards Austria's victory tally. Austria also receives beginning with Fall 1650 a DP bonus for these.
* Ally Additions: Bavaria, Portugal, Rhineland, Savoy, Transylvania become French allies.
* Build Site Additions: Croatia and Transylvania for Austria, Ducal Prussia and Moldavia for Poland, Crimea and Ukraine for Russia.

'''6.5'''
* Rule Change: Remote Turkestan Rule
* Rule Change: 2 DPs only in one minor power. Rule geared towards limiting France's advantage.
* Rule Change: May no longer allocate DPs to a minor one intends to support an attack against.
* Abolished Rule: "If, during a Spring or Fall turn, a Great Power allocates more DPs to minor powers than it is entitled to, all of that Great Power’s DPs are forfeited for that particular turn."
* Rules Change: Vassals and Allies now effectively operate the same way. Only feature: Increasing DP bonus for patron. No more impact on victory for vassals/allies/imperial subjects.
* Ally Changes: Ukraine Russian instead of Polish, Portugal English instead of French, Croatia no longer Turkish vassal, Savoy no longer French ally, Persia Austrian ally
* Build Site Additions: England - Holland & Morocco, Poland - Wallachia, no longer Ukraine, Lorraine no longer French build site
* Name Change: United Provinces > Holland
* Altered Adjacencies: Gascony @ Paris, Bulgaria @ Hungary, Brunswick not @ Brandenburg, Atlantic Ocean @ Egypt
* Space Addition: Silistria

'''7.3'''
* Rule Change: Remote Turkestan Rule abolished.
* Rule Change: Imperial Subjects Rule abolished.
* Rule Change: 2 DPs (one each from two powers) suffice for a sortie order to be considered by the GM.
* Client Additions: Austria - Candia,Poland - Saxony, Russia - Turkestan, Sweden - Mecklenburg, Swabia.
* Build Site Additions: Denmark - Brunswick, France - Flanders, Lorraine, Sweden - Brandenburg.
* Name Change: Dauphiné > Dauphiny

'''7.5'''
* Build Site Additions: France - Savoy, Spain - Tuscany
* Space Addition: Kartli

'''7.6'''
* Client Change: Courland an English client instead of Poland's.
* Build Site Additions: Turkey - Algiers, Tunis.

'''8.2'''
* Rule Change: For a sortie order for a client minor power to be considered by the GM when determining which order that minor power will execute, the sortie needs to be backed by its patron OR requires two or more DPs from other great powers. No such restrictions are in place for non-client minor powers.
* Rule Change: The DP bonus increases only after every two years.
* Client Additions: England - Brunswick, Spain - Ireland, Savoy.
* Client Removals: England - Courland, Ireland.
* Space Addition: Oldenburg, Mazovia, Vladimir.
* Space Removal: East Frisia.
* Name Change: Astrakhan > Kazan
* Altered Adjacencies: Atlantic Ocean @ Bristol, Gulf of Bothnia @ Ducal Prussia, Kazan @ Moscow, Aegean Sea @ Damascus.

'''8.4'''
* Unit Change: Ducal Prussia has a fleet instead of an army.
* Client Removal: Savoy is no longer a Spanish client.

'''8.5'''
* Client Removal: Brunswick is no longer an English client.
* Space Removals: Extremadura, La Mancha.

'''8.6'''
* Client Change: Ireland becomes an English client instead of a Spanish one.

'''8.7'''
* Space Removal: Black Ruthenia.
* Don River: Fleets may move from Voronezh (wc) to Crimea and vice versa.

'''8.8'''
* Client Change: Ukraine becomes a Swedish instead of a Russian client. Courland becomes a Russian client.

'''Summary v8.6'''

* Since v2.0 a new 42 spaces have been added to the game, while 14 have been removed, i.e. a net addition of 28 spaces (among which are 5 SC provinces). The game now includes 139 spaces. 60 of these are SC provinces.

* As such the map now has a considerably higher buffer-to-SC ratio. It rose from 1.91 to 2.32 (v8.6). Standard Diplomacy clocks in at 2.2. Stephen Agar once recommended remain within the 2.0 to 2.5 range.

= Space Names and Abbreviations =

All spaces on the 1648 map, along with their abbreviations, are listed below. SCs are annotated with an asterisk (*).

<tt>
Abo* Abo
Adriatic Sea ADR
Aegean Sea AEG
Albania Alb
Algiers* Alg

Anhalt Anh
Arabia Ara
Aragon Arg
Arctic Ocean ARC
Armenia Arm

Atlantic Ocean ATL
Baltic Sea BAL
Barbary Sea BAR
Bavaria* Bav
Bay of Luebeck BOL

Belgrade* Bel
Black Sea BLA
Bohuslan Boh
Bosnia Bos
Brandenburg* Bra

Brest* Bre
Bristol* Bri
Brunswick* Bwk
Bulgaria Bul
Caledonian Ocean CAL

Candia* Cnd
Cantabrian Sea CAN
Caspian Sea CAS
Christiania* Chr
Constantinople* Con

Copenhagen* Cop
Courland* Cou
Cracow* Cra
Crimea* Cri
Croatia* Cro

Dalmatia Dal
Damascus* Dam
Dauphiny Dau
Ducal Prussia* DPr
Egypt Egy

English Channel ENG
Finnmark Fin
Flanders* Fla
Franconia Fra
Gascony Gas

German Sea GER
Greater Poland GPo
Gulf of Bothnia GOB
Gulf of Lion GOL
Gulf of Venice GOV

Helgoland Bight HEL
Hesse Hes
Holland* UPr
Holstein* Hol
Hungary Hun

Iceland Ice
Indian Ocean IND
Ingria Ing
Ionian Sea ION
Ireland* Ire

Irish Sea IRI
Karaman Krm
Karelia Kar
Kartli Ktl
Kazan Kaz

Lake Ladoga LLA
Lapland Lap
Leon Leo
Levantine Sea LEV
Lombardy Lom

London* Lon
Lorraine* Lor
Luxembourg Lux
Madrid* Mad
Marseille* Mar

Mazovia Maz
Mecklenburg* Mec
Mesopotamia Mes
Moldavia* Mol
Morocco* Mor

Moscow* Mos
Naples* Nap
Norwegian Sea NOR
Novgorod* Nov
Oldenburg* Old

Papal States* Pap
Paris* Par
Permia Prm
Persia* Per
Picardy Pic

Podolia Pod
Polish Livonia PLi
Portugal* Por
Prague* Pra
Pskov Psk

Riga* Rig
Rhineland* Rhi
Royal Prussia RPr
Sahara Sah
Samogitia Sam

Sardinia Sar
Savoy* Sav
Saxony* Sax
Scania Sca
Scotland* Sco

Severia Svr
Seville* Sev
Siberia Sib
Sicily Sic
Silesia Sil

Silistria Sls
Skagerrak SKA
Slovakia Slo
Smolensk Smo
Stettin* Ste

Stockholm* Sto
Strait of Sicily SOS
Styria Sty
Swabia* Swa
Switzerland* Swi

Transylvania* Tra
Trieste* Tri
Tunis* Tun
Turkestan* Tur
Tuscany* Tus

Tyrolia Tyr
Tyrrhenian Sea TYS
Ukraine* Ukr
Venice* Ven
Vienna* Vie

Vilna* Vil
Vitebsk Vit
Vladimir Vla
Volhynia Vol
Voronezh* Vor

Wallachia* Wal
Warsaw* War
White Ruthenia WRu

</tt>

2016-10-27T09:41:48Z

Charlesf:

* [[1600]]
* [[1648 v30]]
* [[1648 v33]]
* [[1648 v35]]
* [[1648 v3.7]]
* [[1648 v4.3]]
* [[1648 v4.4]]
* [[1648 v4.6]]
* [[1648 v4.8]]
* [[1648 v4.9]]
* [[1648 v5.0]]
* [[1648 v5.1]]
* [[1648 v5.5]]
* [[1648 v5.6]]
* [[1648 v5.7]]
* [[1648 v5.8]]
* [[1648 v6.5]]
* [[1648 v7.3]]
* [[1648 v7.5]]
* [[1648 v7.6]]
* [[1648 v8.2]]
* [[1648 v8.4]]
* [[1720]]
* [[1847]]
* [[1885]]
* [[1897]]
* [[1898]]
* [[1900]]
* [[1913]]
* [[1926]]
* [[1936 v1.1]]
* [[1936 v1.3]]
* [[1936 v1.5]]
* [[1936 v1.7]]
* [[1936 v2.0]]
* [[1936 v2.2]]
* [[1936 v2.5]]
* [[1936 v2.6]]
* [[1936 v2.9]]
* [[1936 v3.3]]
* [[1936 v3.4]]
* [[1936 v3.5]]
* [[1939]]
* 1939.Blitzkrieg, see: [[Blitzkrieg]]
* [[30JK Diplomacy]] (30 years war)
* [[7 Island]]
* [[Aberration]]
* [[Abstraction2]]
* [[Aegean]]
* [[African Diplomacy]] (I and II)
* [[African Riots]]
* [[Ambition and Empire]]
* Americas, see: [[War in the Americas]]
* [[Anarchy]]
* [[Ancient Mediterranean]]
* [[Ancient World]]
* [[Aotearoa]]
* [[Arctic]]
* [[Arab]]
* [[Asia]]
* [[Babylon 5]]
* [[Balkan]]
* [[Balkans1860]]
* [[Balkan War]]
* [[Baltic]]
* [[Black Hole]] (3 variations)
* [[Blitzkrieg]]
* [[Bourse]]
* [[Britain]]
* [[Canton]]
* [[Canton 3]]
* [[Catspaw]]
* [[Chaos]]
* [[ChessDip]]
* [[Chicago]]
* [[Chromatic]]
* [[CivDip|Civilization Diplomacy]]
* [[Classical]]
* [[Cold War]]
* [[Colonia VIIb]]
* [[Colonial]]
* [[Confederate]]
* [[Congress of Vienna]]
* [[Conquest Of The Americas]]
* [[Consolidation 1865]]
* [[Crisis]]
* [[Crowded]]
* [[Crusades]]
* [[Crystal Ball]]
* [[Dark Ages]]
* [[Deluge]]
* [[Deutsches Reich 1871]]
* [[Diplomyddiaeth Gymreig]]
* [[Diplowinn]]
* [[Double Diplomacy]]
* [[Duo]]

'''Other Variants:'''
* [[Build Variations]]
* [[E to L Variant Names]]
* [[M to S Variant Names]]
* [[T to Z Variant Names]]
* [[Variants by Subject]]

1648 v8.2

2016-10-17T22:08:14Z

Charlesf: /* Version Changelog since v2.0 */

[[Category:Variant]]
= Introduction =

1648 is a nine-player Diplomacy variant set in Europe following the Peace of Westphalia, the first adjucated season being Spring 1649.

1648's rules are based upon those of Ambition & Empire, a variant designed by Jeff Kase and Baron Powell. As its most striking departure from Standard Diplomacy, the latter first featured armed neutrals whose actions players may secretly influence by bidding Diplomacy Points (DPs).

Should you be interested in joining or observing a future game, contact [mailto:cfeaux@gmail.com me.]

= Maps =

The map (v8.2) with starting units:

[[Image:1648_82 units.gif]]

The map (v8.2) with space abbreviations:

[[Image:1648_82.gif]]

= Rules =

All the rules of standard Diplomacy apply save those noted below:

== Great Powers ==
===Initial Setup===

Austria: A Prague, F Trieste, A Vienna.
Denmark-Norway: F Christiania, F Copenhagen, A Holstein.
England: F Bristol, F London.
France: F Brest, A Marseilles, A Paris.
Poland-Lithuania: A Cracow, A Vilna, A Warsaw.
Russia (Muscovy): A Moscow, A Novgorod, A Voronezh.
Spain: A Flanders, A Madrid, F Naples, F Seville.
Sweden: A Abo, A Riga, A Stettin, F Stockholm (East Coast).
Turkey (Ottoman Empire): A Belgrade, F Constantinople, A Damascus.

=== Home Supply Centers (HSCs) ===

Austria: Prague, Trieste, Vienna.
Denmark-Norway: Christiania, Copenhagen, Holstein.
England: Bristol, London.
France: Brest, Marseille, Paris.
Poland-Lithuania: Cracow, Vilna, Warsaw.
Russia (Muscovy): Moscow, Novgorod, Voronezh.
Spain: Madrid, Naples, Seville.
Sweden: Abo, Riga, Stettin, Stockholm.
Turkey (Ottoman Empire): Belgrade, Constantinople, Damascus.

Flanders is not considered a Spanish HSC and therefore does not serve as a Spanish build site.

These great powers may also build (once controlled) in:

Austria: Croatia, Transylvania.
Denmark-Norway: Oldenburg.
England: Brunswick, Holland, Ireland, Morocco, Scotland.
France: Flanders, Lorraine, Savoy.
Poland-Lithuania: Courland, Ducal Prussia, Moldavia, Wallachia.
Russia (Muscovy): Ukraine, Crimea.
Spain: Tuscany.
Sweden: Brandenburg.
Turkey (Ottoman Empire): Algiers, Tunis.

== Minor Powers ==

In addition to the nine Great Powers, there is also a host of "minor powers", which are non-player neutral Supply Centres (SCs) representing the smaller states of Europe, North Africa and the Near East. These include (space names in bold) the following:

* The Regency of '''Algiers''' (an autonomous province of the Ottoman Empire)
* The Electorate of '''Bavaria'''
* The Electorate of '''Brandenburg'''
* The Duchy of '''Brunswick'''
* The Venetian Colony of '''Candia'''
* The Duchy of '''Courland''' (an autonomous fiefdom of Poland-Lithuania)
* Kingdom of '''Croatia''' (representing independent-minded nobles and corsairs)
* The '''Rhineland''' (representing various territories belonging to the Lower-Rhenish, Electoral Rhenish and Lower Saxonian imperial circles)
* The Khanate of '''Crimea''' (a vassal state of the Ottoman Empire that includes the lands of the Crimean and Nagay Tatars)
* '''Holland'''(representing the United Provinces of the Netherlands)
* The Kingdom of '''Ireland'''
* The Duchy of '''Lorraine'''
* '''Mecklenburg''' (representing the Duchies of Mecklenburg)
* The Principality of '''Moldavia'''
* The Sultanate of '''Morocco'''
* The '''Papal States'''
* The Shahdom of '''Persia'''
* The Kingdom of '''Portugal'''
* The Duchy of '''Prussia''' (an autonomous fiefdom of Poland-Lithuania, called "Ducal Prussia" in the game as there's also a "Royal Prussia" space)
* The Duchy of '''Savoy'''
* The Electorate of '''Saxony'''
* The Kingdom of '''Scotland'''
* '''Swabia''' (representing various territories belonging to the Swabian and Upper Rhenish imperial circles)
* The Swiss Confederation ('''Switzerland''')
* The Principality of '''Transylvania'''
* The Regency of '''Tunis''' (an autonomous province of the Ottoman Empire)
* The Khanates of '''Turkestan'''
* The Grand Duchy of '''Tuscany'''
* The Republic of '''Venice'''
* The Cossack Hetmanate of the '''Ukraine'''
* The Principality of '''Wallachia'''

Each minor power, although a "non-player," starts with a unit (unit colour is white). All minor powers start with an army except for the following minors that start with a fleet: Algiers, Candia, Courland, Holland, Morocco, Portugal, Scotland, Tunis and Venice.

Minor power units prevent a Great Power from simply moving into an empty space and gaining control of the SC. To occupy a minor power SC, a Great Power will need to move in with support. A minor power unit that is forced to retreat is disbanded. If a Great Power does not occupy the minor power SC at the end of a Fall turn, the minor power’s unit is automatically rebuilt in the Winter.

A Great Power controls a minor power SC when one of its units occupies the space after a Fall turn has been played and completed. Once a Great Power gains control of a minor power SC, it can leave the SC vacant and still keep control of it as long as that SC is not occupied by another Great Power at the close of a Fall turn.

Minor power units do nothing but hold in place, unless the unit has been ordered by a Great Power using its Diplomacy Points.

== Diplomacy Points ==

Each Great Power receives a set number of Diplomacy Points (DPs) every Spring and Fall turn. '''France gets 5 DPs, while the other Great Power are allocated 3 DPs each. Deduct 1 DP from a Great Power's DP budget for each SC it originally owned, yet is controlled by another power.'''

During each Spring and Fall turn, each Great Power may allocate DPs to minor powers that still have units on the map. '''A Great Power may only allocate one DP to a given power except for one minor power where an additional DP might be allocated (i.e. two).'''

'''A Major Power may not allocate any DPs to a minor power SC it intends to attack (or support an attack against) during the current game turn.'''

For each DP allocated, the allocating Great Power submits an order for that particular minor power’s unit. A Great Power may order a minor power to move, hold or support. '''A minor power's unit given a move order (also known as a "sortie") will not actually move. However, the move action may cut support and bounce other units.'''

'''If a minor power unit is given a move order that under Standard rules would result in it moving, the order will result in the unit remaining in its starting territory, but no other unit may retreat or move into the territory the minor successfully attacked. A unit already in the target territory at turn start will not be dislodged.'''

The GM determines how DPs have been allocated. In the event of a conflict, an order for a particular minor power’s unit is followed if it is supported by more DPs than any conflicting order.

'''For a sortie order for a client minor power to be considered by the GM when determining which order that minor power will execute, the sortie needs to be backed by its patron OR requires two or more DPs from other great powers. No such restrictions are in place for non-client minor powers.'''

Unused DPs may not be carried over into the next turn. They are simply lost.

Players are not required to tell each other how they allocated their DPs. Just as with negotiations, players may honour their agreements with other players or not, as they see fit. Only the GM will know how Great Powers have allocated their DPs. DP allocation is not published in the adjudication; only the end results are published.

Example:
<blockquote>
''In Spring 1649, Austria allocates one DP to Swabia to get it to support an Austrian attack on Bavaria. France allocates one DP to Swabia to get it to support a French attack on Lorraine. In support of Austria, Spain allocates one DP to Swabia to get it to support the Austrian attack on Bavaria. Although Austria, France and Spain each allocated one DP to Swabia, the Austrians get the Swabian support because the Spaniards supported the Austrian diplomatic efforts with the Swabians.''</blockquote>

== Clients==

A minor power may be a client (or junior ally) of a great power (i.e. patron, senior ally).

Benefits of being a minor power's patron:

* '''Any DPs a patron allocates to a client are initially boosted by one in value. After every two years this bonus increases by one (i.e. the DP bonus rises to 2 for the Spring 1651 season, to 3 for the Spring 1653 season, etc).

These are the respective powers' clients:

Austria: Candia, Persia.
England: Brunswick, Portugal, Scotland.
France: Bavaria, Lorraine, Rhineland, Transylvania, Venice.
Poland-Lithuania: Moldavia, Saxony, Wallachia.
Russia: Turkestan, Ukraine.
Spain: Ireland, Savoy.
Sweden: Mecklenburg, Swabia.
Turkey (Ottoman Empire): Algiers, Crimea, Tunis.

== Victory Conditions ==

As soon as one Great Power controls '''18 SCs''', the game ends immediately and the player representing that Great Power is the winner.

If two Great Powers each gain control of 18 or more SCs at the same time, the player representing the Great Power with the most SCs is considered the winner. If the two Great Powers each control the same number of SCs, the game continues until one player has 18 or more SCs and that player has more SCs than any other player.

Players may terminate the game by mutual agreement before a winner is determined. If this occurs, any decision reached by the players (e.g. concede game to one player, concede game to an alliance) must be accepted unanimously. If the players cannot agree, all players who still have pieces on the board when the game ends share equally in a draw.

== Map Clarifications ==

• Constantinople, Copenhagen, Ingria and Scania are canal provinces and hence fleets located there are not designated as being on any particular coast. Note the Neva river (a thick blue line) runs through Ingria.

• Red arrows indicate that two spaces are adjacent to another.

• Constantinople encompasses Northwestern Anatolia, much of mainland Greece and Thrace as well as the Sea of Marmara. So the space borders the Ionian Sea (among other spaces) to the West.

• Note that the Atlantic and Indian Oceans adjoin. In other words, fleets may "circumnavigate Africa".

• Ducal Prussia and Courland are adjacent, whereas the Baltic Sea and Samogitia are not.

== Civil Disorder (Optional Rule) ==

If a player is lost during the game, the GM is strongly encouraged to find a replacement player for the affected Great Power rather than have it lapse into civil disorder. In the event no replacement player is found and the GM declares the Great Power to be in permanent civil disorder, the following rules apply:

* All units of the Great Power in civil disorder (GPCD) are immediately disbanded.
* All SCs controlled by the GPCD that are unoccupied are immediately considered newly independent minor powers. Minor power army units are built in those minor power spaces.
* All SCs controlled by the GPCD that are occupied by a unit belonging to another Great Power are unaffected. If the occupying Great Power moves its unit out of the GPCD’s SC so that the SC is unoccupied at the conclusion of a Fall turn, a minor power army unit is built there and that SC is considered a newly independent minor power.
* For the remainder of the game, all newly independent minor powers are subject to the provisions of regarding minor powers. In particular, this means the new minor power can be influenced using Diplomacy Points and are considered a power's client if so designated on the map.
* Once a Great Power is declared to be in permanent civil disorder, it may not be played by an active player again.

= Game Notes =

Two detailed articles about the variant may be found in previous DIPLOMACY WORLD issues:

[http://www.diplomacyworld.net/pdf/dw106.pdf First Article]

[http://www.diplomacyworld.net/pdf/dw107.pdf Second Article]

Note that these articles are based on an earlier variant version.

== Brief Introduction to the Major Powers ==

===Austria===
* Emperor Ferdinand III (1637-57)
* Head of Privy Council: Max, Count Trauttmannsdorff (1634-50)

''AUSTRIA is bang in the centre of the map. Lots of growth options (especially HRE, Italy, South-Eastern "Borderlands" minor power cluster), but doesn't really have the prospect of ever establishing a secure edge position.

===Denmark-Norway===
* King Frederick III

''DENMARK-NORWAY is stringed along a North-South Axis. Effectively sandwiched between England and Sweden. Well-positioned to expand southwards into the HRE goodies. But that further stretches DN on that vertical axis. So at some point Denmark will have to consolidate a more compact position by either turning East or West. Position favours a nice mix of fleets and armies.

===Commonwealth of England===
* Oliver Cromwell (Lord Protector, 1653-58)

''ENGLAND starts off smaller than any other power. But in a good position to secure her Celtic backyard and thus gain those extra build sites. A major advantage balancing her modest initial size is that she holds considerable diplomatic trump cards. Danish-Swedish and Franco-Spanish relations have a lot of in-built friction. That's something Cromwell needs to exploit to good effect. Under wise rule, England will often prosper (as in the present game). Intially small, diplomatically favoured, most navally oriented power, island position: Those factors make England very unique.

===France===
* King Louis XIV, the Sun King (1643-1715)
* Chief Minister: Jules Mazarin (1643-61)

''FRANCE enjoys the most compact starting-position of any power. All three initial SCs adjoin. This considerably helps home defence. Louis XIV is well-positioned to secure Lorraine, a potential French build site. Good access to the central minor power cluster. Plus access to the Atlantic sphere. One key question the Sun-King will have to adress is how to deal with Spain - a power which half-encircles "la hexagone". A Franco-Spanish alliance could be very strong. But the temptation for either power to attack the other is also there. Already a sortie by the Brest fleet into the Cantabrian Sea creates considerable difficulties for Spain. Though a move to ENG is also strong and might smother England before Cromwell can consolidate his position. More defensive play might mean bouncing A Flanders in Normandy and thus concentrating on the East for early builds. Successful eastward expansion could bring France into collision course with the Emperor. Indeed seizing the Imperial Crown is possible! But one can also nicely divide the central spoils with Austria: Lorraine, Switzerland and Savoy being within the French sphere, Swabia possibly left as a minor power buffer and Austria taking Saxony-Bavaria-Venice. With such an arrangement extended by France taking Tuscany and Austria the Papal States, the only place where the two spheres immediately touch would be on the Tus-Pap border. A perfectly sustainable arrangement for both, allowing France to focus on other theatres of operations. Or not, if France opts for a continued push eastwards.... I believe France faces lots of interesting challenges and options. Compact, somewhat more land-based than naval orientation, interesting question regarding Spanish "encirclement", Turkey very much a natural ally... Some key facets of France's position.

===Poland-Lithuania===
* King John II Casimir (1648-68)

''POLAND-LITHUANIA is a central power. Key for her is the Russo-Swedish-Polish triangle. I rate Austria and Denmark as natural allies. Good access to minor powers. A whopping three additional potential build sites promises considerable flexibility. Very much a land-based power. Non-contiguous home SCs somewhat complicate home defence. Though Warsaw is the only great power home SC no other rival can threaten within the opening year. So that compensates for Vilna being fairly vulnerable to attack. Relations with Russia are tricky. A bit like Austro-Turkish relations in Standard. Though with Sweden and Turkey on Russia's flanks, there are ways to keep the Czar honest without actually storming the East. Though if doing so, Poland might anchor her position along the map edge.

===Russia (Muscovy)===
* Tsar Alexis (1645-76)

''RUSSIA enjoys an edge position. But it may not feel like one. For, by design, it's nothing like the fairly secure corner position Standard's "witches" can call their own. Russia is best-placed to seize the Crimea. A potential Russian build site. The Polish-Swedish-Russian triangle (or Baltic quadrangle, if you include Denmark in the equation) is a key concern for the Czar. Courland being a point of Polish-Swedish contention presents considerable diplomatic opportunity. Regarding the Sublime Porte, Russia arguably holds the better diplomatic cards in that it can more gravely threaten Turkey than vice versa. Austria and especially Spain might prove very handy allies in a crusading campaign. A more secure edge position beckons following such a campaign. And would make Central Asia (Persia, Turkestan) an undisputed Russian domain. Russia is among the least maritime-oriented powers. But it has immediate access to the Northern Seas, potential access to the Baltic and Black Seas (also Caspian, but that is very much a backwater which very rarely should see any action).

===Spain===
* King Phillip IV (1621-65)

''SPAIN is all over the place! Flanders and Naples are very far removed from Iberia. Of these, Naples is far more important. Indeed, I rate Naples as Spain's most useful home SC. Building an empire in the Central Mediterranean may be key to Spanish success. As for Flanders, it's not even a home SC! So really no prospect of reinforcements there. It's more of a diplomatic pawn than a base for sustained expansion. So A Flanders should best be viewed as being subservient to Spain's wider cause. The Army of Flanders could indeed prove a useful wandering nomad. Spain's fundamentally a Mediterreanean power. She will try to secure the Maghreb for herself and link up Iberia with Naples. Naturally such Mediterranean ambitions impinge on Turkish interests. Spain's nightmare is a Franco-Turkish alliance against her. As such, any attack of hers against either could see the other quickly joining the party. This danger seriously complicates plans for attacking either and means that Spain should adopt a very broad diplomatic outlook, making sure France and Turkey are kept preoccupied in other theatres of operations. Spain, yet more than other powers, needs to play the whole board! Spanish summary: Far-flung domains, four initial units, threat of Franco-Turkish alliance, generally naval orientation, needs to play the "whole board" yet more than others, generally perceived as strong and as such probably often at a disadvantage in DP contests, can consolidate a powerful Mediterranean corner position.

===Sweden===
* Queen Christine (1632-54)

''SWEDEN shares two characteristics with Spain: Both have four non-contiguous initial SCs. Though these are all arrayed around the Baltic. As such, turning the Baltic into a Swedish lake should be a priority. Denmark most immediately poses a threat to such Baltic hegemony, but so might Russia and Poland further down the road. As for expansion at the expense of minor powers, Stockholm might not have the easiest time of it. In Northern Germany, Sweden has the first claim to Brandenburg, but beyond that SC, it'd be stepping on other powers' toes. Indeed, the HRE might be described as a dangerous pool of sharks. Especially the two Scandinavians' spheres of interest tend to overlap there. As for the Baltic SC cluster (Ducal Prussia, Courland), expansion there poses potential difficulties with Poland. In brief: Sweden may be envied by others for starting off with four units. But in all likelihood with have to work harder for her first gains! Indeed, such are those difficulties that Sweden may be among those powers most ready to immediately invade another great power. The position thus encourages early aggressive play as befits Vasa warrior-kings!

===Turkey===
* Sultan Mehmed IV, the Hunter (1648-87
* Regent: Kösem Sultan
* Grand Vizier: Sofu Mehmed Pasha (1648-49)

''TURKEY might consider itself a corner power. But that corner is initially very vulnerable. Her neighbours have good reason not to let her consolidate that corner position. To the West, the two Habsburg powers are natural allies. They could very effectively pool DPs. The Venetians on Crete could thus help the Spaniards storm Constantinople. Or the Wallachians ease the Austrians' path into Belgrade. And then there's the Czar... Any move by the Czar into Armenia will cause the Sultan fits! So while Turkey benefits from plenty of growth options around her, I'd say no other power is as vulnerable to a devastating opening attack. If the Sultan overcomes that initial vulnerability, then much can be made of that position. Armies and fleets may well play an equal role in Turkish plans. Perhaps moreso than any other power. Diplomatically speaking, France is very much a natural ally. And Spain arguably the most dangerous foe. The Med may often amount to an expensive Turkish-Spanish zero-sum contest and may often be Turkey's primary theatre of operations.
''

== Version Changelog since v2.0==

* Asterisk = SC province
* @ = adjacent to
* > = renamed

'''2.1'''
* Space Additions: Karelia, Persia*, Polotsk, Trondheim, Tunis*, Urals
* Space Removals: Archangel, Foix, Lancashire, Lyon*, Smolensk
* Altered Adjacencies: Constantinope* @ Belgrade*/Illyria, Leon @ Gascony/Aragon, Novgorod* @ Norwegian Sea, Seville @ Morocco, Voronezh @ Armenia/Persia*
* Name Change: Vitebsk > Smolensk

'''2.2'''
* Space Additions: Caspian Sea, Mesopotamia, Sardinia
* Altered Adjacencies: Astrakhan @ Persia*

'''2.3'''
* Altered Adjacencies: Christiania* @ Lapland
* Name Changes: Trondheim > Northern Norway

'''2.5'''
* Space Additions: Azerbaijan, Candia*, Permia, Turkestan*
* Altered Adjacencies: Norwegian Sea @ Karelia, Novgorod*, Permia
* Name Change: Urals > Siberia

'''2.8'''
* Space Additions: Hesse, Lower Saxony*

'''2.9'''
* Space Additions: Cantabrian Sea, Sicily
* Altered Adjacencies: Flanders* @ North Sea, Bavaria* @ Saxony*

'''3.0'''
* Space Addition: Lake Ladoga

'''3.1'''
* Space Additions: Gulf of Sidra, Luxembourg, Strait of Sicily
* Altered Adjacencies: Lombardy @ Papal States*, Paris @ Luxembourg

'''3.2'''
* Space Additions: Franconia, Royal Prussia
* Altered Adjacencies: Armenia @ Karaman
* Name Changes: Normandy > Picardy, Prussia > Ducal Prussia

'''3.3'''
* Space Additions: Onega, Smolensk
* Altered Adjacencies: Moscow* @ Norwegian Sea/Permia
* Name Changes: Polotsk > Polish Livonia, Smolensk (old space) > Vitebsk

'''3.4'''
* Rules Change: Victory criterion lowered from 18 to 15 SCs
* Space Additions: Arabia, Indian Ocean, Sahara, Terra Incognita (impassable)
* Altered Adjacencies: Damascus @ Indian Ocean (thereby bicoastal), Franconia @ Hesse
* Name Changes: Eastern Mediterranean Sea > Levantine Sea, Western Mediterranean Sea > Barbary Sea, Mid-Atlantic Ocean > Atlantic Ocean, North-Atlantic Ocean > Caledonian Ocean, North Sea > German Sea

'''3.5'''
* Rules Change: England is entitled to 3 DPs each (rather than just 2) for the opening year's spring and fall seasons.
* Space Additions: Black Ruthenia
* Altered Adjacencies: Brest* @ Marseille*

'''3.6'''
* Space Additions: Extremadura, La Mancha
* Altered Adjacencies: Lombardy @ Tyrolia

'''3.7'''
* Rules Change: Victory criterion increased from 15 to 16 SCs
* Altered Adjacencies: Black Ruthenia @ White Ruthenia
* Name Changes: Rhineland-Westphalia > Rhineland, Marseilles > Marseille
* Cosmetic Map Change: Lombardy's borders redrawn so as to include the Free State of Grisons (i.e. the later Swiss canton of Graubünden) instead of a portion of Venetian territory.

'''4.3'''
* Rules Change: HRE-specific rules abolished
* Space Additions: Albania, Bosnia, Styria
* Space Removals: Azerbaijan, Devon (incorporated into London), Illyria, Onega
* Altered Adjacencies: Astrakhan @ Siberia, Moscow @ Severia & White Ruthenia, Novgorod @ Karelia, Permia & Siberia, Belgrade @ Adriatic Sea

'''4.4'''
* Rules Change: France gets 6 DPs, while the other Great Powers receive only 3.
* Altered Adjacencies: Franconia @ Vienna

'''4.6'''
* Space Removals: Styria

'''4.8'''
* Rules Change: Victory criterion increased from 16 to 17 SCs
* New Minor Power: Croatia (i.e promoted to SC/minor power status)
* Space Removals: Gulf of Sirte
* Altered Adjacencies: Bristol @ Ireland

'''4.9'''
* Rules Change: Victory criterion increased from 17 to 18 SCs
* Space Additions: Cornwall

'''5.0'''
* Rules Change: Certain powers have vassals. Their DPs allocated to these are increased by one in value. Once controlled, the vassal's SC serves its overlord as a build site.
* Space Additions: Styria
* Space Removals: Cornwall
* Altered Adjacencies: Bristol no longer borders Ireland

'''5.1'''
* Vassal Status Change: Croatia is considered a Turkish vassal.
* Unit Change: Austria starts with a fleet in Trieste instead of an army.

'''5.4'''
* Space Addition: Gulf of Venice

'''5.5'''
* Altered Adjacencies: Levantine Sea @ Strait of Sicily & Tunis.
* Rules Change: Victory requires not only 18 SCs, but also 2 more SCs than the second-strongest power.

'''5.6'''
* Space Additions: Anhalt, East Frisia, Brunswick
* Space Removal: Lower Saxony

'''5.7'''
* Space Removal: Yorkshire
* Rules Change: A surviving vassal's SCs count for victory purposes towards its suzerain's SC total.
* Rules Change: Minor powers may perform sorties. At least one player needs to spend two DPs on a sortie order for it to be valid.

'''5.8'''
* Vassal Status Change: Ducal Prussia is no longer a Polish vassal. Nor is Savoy a French one anymore.
* Rules Change: France's DP budget is reduced from 6 to 5 DPs.
* Rules Change: The DP bonus increases by one after every three turns.
* Rules Change: -1 DP penalty for each originally owned SC which is foreign-controlled.
* Rules Change: Certain powers have junior allies. Their DPs allocated to these are increased after every three turns by 1 in value.
* Rules Change: HRE minors count towards Austria's victory tally. Austria also receives beginning with Fall 1650 a DP bonus for these.
* Ally Additions: Bavaria, Portugal, Rhineland, Savoy, Transylvania become French allies.
* Build Site Additions: Croatia and Transylvania for Austria, Ducal Prussia and Moldavia for Poland, Crimea and Ukraine for Russia.

'''6.5'''
* Rule Change: Remote Turkestan Rule
* Rule Change: 2 DPs only in one minor power. Rule geared towards limiting France's advantage.
* Rule Change: May no longer allocate DPs to a minor one intends to support an attack against.
* Abolished Rule: "If, during a Spring or Fall turn, a Great Power allocates more DPs to minor powers than it is entitled to, all of that Great Power’s DPs are forfeited for that particular turn."
* Rules Change: Vassals and Allies now effectively operate the same way. Only feature: Increasing DP bonus for patron. No more impact on victory for vassals/allies/imperial subjects.
* Ally Changes: Ukraine Russian instead of Polish, Portugal English instead of French, Croatia no longer Turkish vassal, Savoy no longer French ally, Persia Austrian ally
* Build Site Additions: England - Holland & Morocco, Poland - Wallachia, no longer Ukraine, Lorraine no longer French build site
* Name Change: United Provinces > Holland
* Altered Adjacencies: Gascony @ Paris, Bulgaria @ Hungary, Brunswick not @ Brandenburg, Atlantic Ocean @ Egypt
* Space Addition: Silistria

'''7.3'''
* Rule Change: Remote Turkestan Rule abolished.
* Rule Change: Imperial Subjects Rule abolished.
* Rule Change: 2 DPs (one each from two powers) suffice for a sortie order to be considered by the GM.
* Client Additions: Austria - Candia,Poland - Saxony, Russia - Turkestan, Sweden - Mecklenburg, Swabia.
* Build Site Additions: Denmark - Brunswick, France - Flanders, Lorraine, Sweden - Brandenburg.
* Name Change: Dauphiné > Dauphiny

'''7.5'''
* Build Site Additions: France - Savoy, Spain - Tuscany
* Space Addition: Kartli

'''7.6'''
* Client Change: Courland an English client instead of Poland's.
* Build Site Additions: Turkey - Algiers, Tunis.

'''8.2'''
* Rule Change: For a sortie order for a client minor power to be considered by the GM when determining which order that minor power will execute, the sortie needs to be backed by its patron OR requires two or more DPs from other great powers. No such restrictions are in place for non-client minor powers.
* Rule Change: The DP bonus increases only after every two years.
* Client Additions: England - Brunswick, Spain - Ireland, Savoy.
* Client Removals: England - Courland, Ireland.
* Space Addition: Oldenburg, Mazovia, Vladimir.
* Space Removal: East Frisia.
* Name Change: Astrakhan > Kazan
* Altered Adjacencies: Atlantic Ocean @ Bristol, Gulf of Bothnia @ Ducal Prussia, Kazan @ Moscow, Aegean Sea @ Damascus.

'''Summary v8.2'''

* Since v2.0 a new 44 spaces have been added to the game, while 14 have been removed, i.e. a net addition of 30 spaces (among which are 5 SC provinces). The game now includes 141 spaces. 60 of these are SC provinces.

* As such the map now has a considerably higher buffer-to-SC ratio. It rose from 1.91 to 2.35 (v8.2). Standard Diplomacy clocks in at 2.2. Stephen Agar once recommended remain within the 2.0 to 2.5 range.

= Space Names and Abbreviations =

All spaces on the 1648 map, along with their abbreviations, are listed below. SCs are annotated with an asterisk (*).

<tt>
Abo* Abo
Adriatic Sea ADR
Aegean Sea AEG
Albania Alb
Algiers* Alg

Anhalt Anh
Arabia Ara
Aragon Arg
Arctic Ocean ARC
Armenia Arm

Atlantic Ocean ATL
Baltic Sea BAL
Barbary Sea BAR
Bavaria* Bav
Bay of Luebeck BOL

Belgrade* Bel
Black Ruthenia BRu
Black Sea BLA
Bohuslan Boh
Bosnia Bos

Brandenburg* Bra
Brest* Bre
Bristol* Bri
Brunswick* Bwk
Bulgaria Bul

Caledonian Ocean CAL
Candia* Cnd
Cantabrian Sea CAN
Caspian Sea CAS
Christiania* Chr

Constantinople* Con
Copenhagen* Cop
Courland* Cou
Cracow* Cra
Crimea* Cri

Croatia* Cro
Dalmatia Dal
Damascus* Dam
Dauphiny Dau
Ducal Prussia* DPr

Egypt Egy
English Channel ENG
Extremadura Ext
Finnmark Fin
Flanders* Fla

Franconia Fra
Gascony Gas
German Sea GER
Greater Poland GPo
Gulf of Bothnia GOB

Gulf of Lion GOL
Gulf of Venice GOV
Helgoland Bight HEL
Hesse Hes
Holland* UPr

Holstein* Hol
Hungary Hun
Iceland Ice
Indian Ocean IND
Ingria Ing

Ionian Sea ION
Ireland* Ire
Irish Sea IRI
Karaman Krm
Karelia Kar

Kartli Ktl
Kazan Kaz
Lake Ladoga LLA
La Mancha LMa
Lapland Lap

Leon Leo
Levantine Sea LEV
Lombardy Lom
London* Lon
Lorraine* Lor

Luxembourg Lux
Madrid* Mad
Marseille* Mar
Mazovia Maz
Mecklenburg* Mec

Mesopotamia Mes
Moldavia* Mol
Morocco* Mor
Moscow* Mos
Naples* Nap

Norwegian Sea NOR
Novgorod* Nov
Oldenburg* Old
Papal States* Pap
Paris* Par

Permia Prm
Persia* Per
Picardy Pic
Podolia Pod
Polish Livonia PLi

Portugal* Por
Prague* Pra
Pskov Psk
Riga* Rig
Rhineland* Rhi

Royal Prussia RPr
Sahara Sah
Samogitia Sam
Sardinia Sar
Savoy* Sav

Saxony* Sax
Scania Sca
Scotland* Sco
Severia Svr
Seville* Sev

Siberia Sib
Sicily Sic
Silesia Sil
Silistria Sls
Skagerrak SKA

Slovakia Slo
Smolensk Smo
Stettin* Ste
Stockholm* Sto
Strait of Sicily SOS

Styria Sty
Swabia* Swa
Switzerland* Swi
Transylvania* Tra
Trieste* Tri

Tunis* Tun
Turkestan* Tur
Tuscany* Tus
Tyrolia Tyr
Tyrrhenian Sea TYS

Ukraine* Ukr
Venice* Ven
Vienna* Vie
Vilna* Vil
Vitebsk Vit

Vladimir Vla
Volhynia Vol
Voronezh* Vor
Wallachia* Wal
Warsaw* War

White Ruthenia WRu

</tt>

1936 v3.5

2016-10-17T21:43:14Z

=Introduction=
1936 is a seven-player Diplomacy variant set in the mid-thirties – at a time when the precarious order established after the Great War was increasingly undermined and finally destroyed.

Next to the seven great powers vying for influence, the two main factions in the Spanish Civil War – the Nationalists and Republicans are playable. Nationalist Spain is controlled by its main sponsor – Italy, whereas the Soviet Union champions the cause of Republican Spain.

1936's rules are based upon those of Ambition & Empire, a variant designed by Jeff Kase and Baron Powell. As its most striking departure from Standard Diplomacy, the latter first featured armed neutrals whose actions players may secretly influence by bidding Diplomacy Points (DPs).

Should you be interested in joining or observing a future game, contact [mailto:cfeaux@gmail.com me.]

=Maps=

[[Image:1936_35.gif|frame|1936 v3.5]]

[[Image:1936 35_4.gif|frame|1936 v3.5 initial setup]]

=Inital Setup=

BRITAIN: F Edinburgh, F Gibraltar, F London, F Suez

FRANCE: A Algiers, F Brest, A Lebanon, A Marseille, A Paris

GERMANY: A Berlin, F Hamburg, A Munich

ITALY: F Libya, A Milan, F Naples, A Rome

POLAND: A Cracow, F Gdynia, A Warsaw

SOVIET UNION: F Leningrad (sc), A Moscow, A Stalingrad

TURKEY: A Ankara, A Istanbul, F Izmir

NATIONALIST SPAIN: A Burgos

REPUBLICAN SPAIN: A Valencia

=Rules=
All the rules of standard Diplomacy apply save those noted below.

==Minor Powers==

In addition to the seven Great Powers (and the Spanish factions), there also are a host of "minor powers" that represent the smaller states of Europe.

Each minor power controls one unit (two in the case of Yugoslavia) and the SCs they occupy. All minor powers start with an army except for the following minors that start with a fleet: Denmark, Greece, the Netherlands, Norway, Portugal and Sweden.

Minor power units prevent a Great Power from simply moving into an empty space and gaining control of the SC. To occupy a minor power SC, a Great Power will need to move in with support. A minor power unit that is forced to retreat is disbanded. If a Great Power does not occupy the minor power SC at the end of a Fall turn, the minor power’s unit is automatically rebuilt in the Winter.

As in standard Diplomacy, a Great Power controls a minor power SC when one of its units occupies the space after a Fall turn has been played and completed. Once a Great Power gains control of a minor power SC, it can leave the SC vacant and still keep control of it as long as that SC is not occupied by another Great Power at the close of a Fall turn.

Minor power units do nothing but hold in place, unless the unit has been ordered by a Great Power using its Diplomacy Points.

==Diplomacy Points==

Each Great Power receives a set number of Diplomacy Points (DPs) every Spring and Fall turn.

• '''France receives 5 DPs.

• '''The other Great Powers are allocated 3 DPs each.

• '''Deduct 1 DP from a Great Power's DP budget for each SC it originally owned, yet is controlled by another power. Exception: French ownership of any SC within two spaces of Lebanon (i.e. Ankara, Iraq, Suez) cancels any penalty for losing Lebanon.

• '''Deduct 1 DP from sponsor's DP budget if its corresponding faction controls fewer Spanish SCs than the opposing faction or no longer controls any Spanish SC.

A patron receives a DP bonus when allocating DPs to a client (see further below).

During each Spring and Fall turn, each Great Power may allocate DPs to minor powers that still have units on the map. '''A Great Power may only allocate one DP to a given power except for one minor power where an additional DP might be allocated (i.e. two).'''

'''A Major Power may not allocate any DPs to a minor power SC it intends to attack (or support an attack against) during the current game turn.'''

For each DP allocated, the allocating Great Power submits an order for that particular minor power’s unit. A Great Power may order a minor power to move, hold or support. '''A minor power's unit given a move order (also known as a "sortie") will not actually move. However, the move action may cut support and bounce other units. '''

'''If a minor power unit is given a move order that under Standard rules would result in it moving, the order will result in the unit remaining in its starting territory, but no other unit may retreat or move into the territory the minor successfully attacked. A unit already in the target territory at turn start will not be dislodged.'''

Unused DPs may not be carried over into the next turn. They are simply lost.

Players are not required to tell each other how they allocated their DPs. Just as with negotiations, players may honour their agreements with other players or not, as they see fit. Only the GM will know how Great Powers have allocated their DPs. DP allocation is not published in the adjudication; only the end results are published.

The GM determines how DPs have been allocated. In the event of a conflict, an order for a particular minor power’s unit is followed if it is supported by more DPs than any conflicting order. See the following examples:

<blockquote>
Example 1. ''In Spring ‘36, Germany allocates one DP to Austria to get it to support a German attack on Czechia. No other major Power allocates a DP to Austria so the Austrian unit supports the German attack on Czechia.''
</blockquote>

<blockquote>
Example 2. ''In Spring ‘36, Germany allocates one DP to Austria to get it to support a German attack on Czechia. Italy also allocates one DP to Austria to get it to support an Italian attack on Switzerland. Since Germany and Italy each allocated one DP to Austria, neither controls Austria and the Austrian army simply holds in place.''
</blockquote>

<blockquote>
Example 3. ''In Spring ‘36, Germany allocates two DPs to Austria to get it to support a German attack on Czechia. Italy allocates only one DP to Austria to get it to support an Italian attack on Switzerland. Since Germany allocated one more DP to Austria than Italy did, the Austrian support the German attack on Czechia.''
</blockquote>

<blockquote>
Example 4. ''In Spring ‘36, Germany allocates one DP to Austria to get it to support a German attack on Czechia. Italy allocates one DP to Austria to get it to support an Italian attack on Switzerland. In support of Germany, Turkey allocates one DP to Austria to get it to support the German attack on Czechia. Although Germany, Italy and Turkey each allocated one DP to Austria, the Germans get the Austrian support because the Turks supported the German diplomatic efforts with the Austrians.''
</blockquote>

==Client States==

'''Should a Great Power (patron) invest any DPs in a minor power designated as a client (i.e. lesser ally, junior partner, protectorate, state within a power's sphere of influence), those DPs are increased in value. Initially by one. After every two years, the DP bonus further increases by one. This means that the DP bonus rises to +2 during the Spring 1938 season, to +3 in Spring 1940 and so on.

A surviving client's SCs count towards its patron's SC total for victory purposes.

These are the various Great Powers' clients:

BRITAIN: Egypt, Iraq

FRANCE: Belgium, Czechoslovakia (i.e. Bohemia), Greece, Morocco, Rumania, Yugoslavia (i.e. Croatia, Serbia)

GERMANY: Austria (also a potential German build site), Bulgaria, Finland,
Hungary, Iran, Rumania

ITALY: Bulgaria, Hungary

POLAND: Rumania

SOVIET UNION: Czechoslovakia (i.e. Bohemia), Lithuania

TURKEY: Egypt

As a visual cue, minor power SC dots are partially coloured in their patron's colours. Austria's SC is fully coloured grey to account for it being also a potential German build site.

==Yugoslavia==

Yugoslavia is a minor power initially consisting of two units/SCs (i.e. A Croatia and A Serbia). As such, '''the Yugoslav A Croatia may not attack, help cut or dislodge its fellow Yugoslav unit in Serbia (and vice-versa). DPs are allocated to A Croatia or A Serbia rather than to Yugoslavia as a whole.'''

==Spain==

The Nationalists and Republicans are considered factions. Italy and the Soviet Union are their respective sponsoring Great Powers.

The Italian player submits orders for Nationalist Spain, while the Soviet player does the same for Republican Spain. However, the two powers under the control of the same player are treated for all purposes other than victory as separate powers.

Burgos, Madrid and Valencia are home supply centres for both the Nationalists and Republicans. Initially the Nationalists control Burgos, the Republicans Valencia (their respective provisional capitals), whereas Madrid is neutral and controlled by neither. There is no neutral garrison in vacant Madrid – unlike all other neutral SCs at game-start.

'''Deduct 1 DP from sponsor's DP budget if its corresponding faction controls fewer Spanish SCs (i.e. Burgos, Madrid, Valencia) than the opposing faction or no longer controls any Spanish SCs.

Factions do not receive any DPs.

Should a faction's sponsoring Great Power (Italy for the Nationalists, the Soviet Union for the Republicans) be eliminated, its faction is immediately put into civil disorder (see the below rules section). Therefore the controlling player is entirely eliminated from the game. Such a newly arising minor power becomes a major power's client if already so designated at game-start.

==Victory Conditions==

As soon as one player controls '''18 SCs''', the game ends immediately and the player representing that Great Power is the winner. If two players each gain 18 or more SCs at the same time, the player with the most SCs is considered the winner. If the two players each control the same number of SCs, the game continues until one player has 18 or more SCs and that player has more SCs than any other player.

For the purposes of this rule Italy & Nationalist Spain are considered one Great Power. The same applies to the Soviet Union & Republican Spain.

==Civil Disorder==

If a player is lost during the game, the GM is strongly encouraged to find a replacement player for the affected Great Power rather than have it lapse into civil disorder. In the event no replacement player is found and the GM declares the Great Power to be in permanent civil disorder, the following rules apply:

• All units of the Great Power in civil disorder (GPCD) are immediately disbanded.

• All SCs controlled by the GPCD that are unoccupied are immediately considered newly independent minor powers. Minor power army units are built in those minor power spaces.

• All SCs controlled by the GPCD that are occupied by a unit belonging to another Great Power are unaffected. If the occupying Great Power moves its unit out of the GPCD’s SC so that the SC is unoccupied at the conclusion of a Fall turn, a minor power army unit is built there and that SC is considered a newly independent minor power.

• For the remainder of the game, all newly independent minor powers are subject to the provisions of the Minor Powers rules. In particular, this means the new minor power can be influenced using Diplomacy Points.

• Once a Great Power is declared to be in permanent civil disorder, it may not be played by an active player again.

==Special Rules==

• The first turn of the game begins in Spring 1936.

• France may not build units in Lebanon, nor may Italy do so in Libya (as a visual cue these SCs are filled with white colour).

• Austria serves as an additional German build-site.

• Britain starts the game with a fleet located in Gibraltar, whereas there’s no unit in Liverpool.

==Map Clarifications==

• Gibraltar and the Dodecanese are sea spaces that contain land. This means that a fleet stationed in Gibraltar or in the Dodecanese can convoy an army. Equally, army movement between Gibraltar and Madrid, Grenada or Morocco is allowed. Much as between the Dodecanese and Izmir.

• Hamburg, Suez, Denmark and Istanbul are canal provinces. Hence, they have merely one coast.

• The Persian Gulf and the Atlantic Ocean are adjacent and are divided by a line in what we generally consider Red Sea. Blue bands along the map edges indicate that these portions of the Red Sea respectively belong to the Persian Gulf and the Atlantic Ocean.

'''Four-way Intersections:'''

• Sicily and Naples are adjacent as shown by the landbridge arrow. Both fleet and army movement across the Straits of Messina is possible.

• Edinburgh, Northern Ireland, the North-Western Approaches and the Irish Sea all border each other.

• Gibraltar, Morocco, the Atlantic Ocean and the South-Western Approaches all border each other.

• Sweden, the Gulf of Bothnia, the Gulf of Danzig and Baltic Sea all border each other.

• Stalingrad, Western Caucasia, the Eastern Ukraine and the Black Sea all border each other.

• Greece, the Aegean Sea, Eastern Mediterranean Sea and Ionian Sea all border each other.

== Version Changelog==

* Asterisk = SC province
* @ = adjacent to
* > = renamed

'''0.3'''
* Space Additions: Azov Sea
* Altered Adjacencies: Stalingrad @ Azov Sea

'''1.0'''
* Space Additions: Ligurian Sea, Konya, Georgia, Trentino, Transylvania, Slovenia, Bosnia, Thrace, Dobruja, Abruzzi, Lorraine
* Space Removals: Armenia, Adana, Sevastopol, Cologne, Venetia
* Name Change: African Coastal Waters > Atlantic Ocean, Mid-Atlantic Ocean > South-Western Approaches, North-Atlantic Ocean > Northwestern Approaches, Saxony > Thuringia, Kiel > Hamburg
* Altered Adjacencies: Ankara @ Levantine Coastal Waters, Atlantic Ocean @ Ireland, Northwestern Approaches, Madrid @ Navarra, Berlin @ Czechia
* Rule Change:

'''1.1'''
* Space Additions: Gulf of Sidra
* Name Change: Thuringia > Saxony, Eastern Mediterranean > Libyan Sea
* Altered Adjacencies: Saxony @ Silesia, Pomerania

'''1.2'''
* Space Additions: Western Ukraine, Eastern Ukraine
* Space Removals: Ukraine
* Altered Adjacencies: Greater Poland @ Berlin, Saxony

'''1.3'''
* Name Change: Trentino > South Tyrol
* Altered Adjacencies: Rome @ Austria

'''1.6'''
* Space Additions: Tuscany, Northern Tyrrhenian Sea, Southern Tyrrhenian Sea, Bavaria
* Space Removals: Abruzzi
* Name Change: Munich > Frankfurt
* Altered Adjacencies: Bosnia @ Adriatic Sea
* Rule Change: Minor powers may be ordered to move.

'''1.7'''
* Space Additions: Lodz
* Altered Adjacencies: Silesia @ Berlin, Pomerania

'''1.8'''
* Space Additions: Venetia
* Rule Change: Suez becomes a British Home-SC.

'''1.9'''
* Space Additions: Northern Ireland
* Rule Change: The great powers are given minor powers as clients.

'''2.0'''
* Space Removals: Gulf of Sidra, Venetia
* Name Change: Saxony > Central Germany, Bavaria > Bavarian Ostmark
* Altered Adjacencies: Libyan Sea no longer adjacent to Greece, Central Germany @ Rhineland

'''2.1'''
* Rule Change: Finland, Latvia no longer Polish clients, Greece no longer French client, Lithuania Soviet client

'''2.2'''
* Space Additions: Venetia
* Altered Adjacencies: Rome no longer @ Milan.

'''2.3'''
* Space Removals: Heligoland Bight
* Altered Adjacencies: Paris @ Marseille, Belgium, English Channel @ Netherlands

'''2.4'''
* Name Change: Bavarian Ostmark > Franconia

'''2.5'''
* Rule Change: Iran is no longer a Turkish client.

'''2.6'''
* Space Additions: Northern North Sea, Southern North Sea
* Space Removals: North Sea

'''2.7'''
* Space Additions: Extremadura, Leon
* Space Removals: Galicia, Lodz
* Altered Adjacencies: Warsaw @ Czechia, Cracow no longer adjacent to Rumania.

'''2.8'''
* Altered Adjacencies: Cracow @ Rumania, Cracow @ Silesia

'''2.9'''
* Name Change: Georgia > Western Caucasia, Arabian Sea > Persian Gulf, Czechia > Bohemia
* Altered Adjacencies: Cracow not @ Rumania
* Rule Change: Client SCs count towards their patron's SC count for victory purposes.
* Rule Change: Minus 1 DP for each originally controlled SC under enemy control. If the Nationalists (or the Republicans) no longer control a single Spanish SC, Italy (or the Soviet Union) loses 1 DP.
* Rule Change: A victorious Spain only receives 1 DP instead of 3.
* Rule Change: The DP bonus for clients increases each year after 1937 by one extra DP.

'''3.0'''
* Altered Adjacencies: Libyan Sea @ Greece
* Rule Change: Greece becomes a French client.

'''3.1'''
* Name Change: Central Germany > Saxony, Thrace > Macedonia
* Altered Adjacencies: Munich @ Hamburg
* Rule Change: Finland and Iran become German clients.

'''3.2'''
* Rule Change: Rumania becomes also a German client (next to being a French and Polish one).

'''3.3'''
* Space Addition: Maltese Sea
* Rule Change: No more DPs for a victorious Spain. Instead a faction's sponsoring power gets one DP less if its faction has zero Spanish SCs or controls fewer of these than the opposing faction.
* Rule Change: Deduct 1 DP from a Great Power's DP budget for each SC it originally owned, yet now is controlled by another power. Exception: French ownership of any SC within two spaces of Beirut (i.e. Ankara, Iraq, Suez) cancels any penalty for losing Beirut.

'''3.4'''
* Altered Adjacencies: Saudi Arabia @ Suez (i.e. a new crossroads involving Suez, Palestine, Saudi Arabia and the Persian Gulf is created).
* Rule Change: The DP bonus for clients increases each year after every three move turns by one extra DP. This means that the DP bonus rises to +2 during the Fall 1937 season, to +3 in Spring 1939 and so on.
* Rule Change/Clarification: A Major Power may not allocate any DPs to a minor power SC it intends to support an attack against during the current game turn.

'''3.5'''
* Rule Change: France can only spend 2 DPs in one particular minor.
* Rule Change: The DP bonus increases only after every two years.
* Rule Change: A surviving client's SCs no longer count towards its patron's SC total for victory purposes.
* Rule Change/Clarification: Minor powers created by a faction collapsing become the clients of those powers that were their patrons in 1936.
* Name Changes: Beirut > Lebanon, Tripoli > Libya, Libyan Sea > Eastern Mediterranean Sea

=Space Names and Abbreviations=

All spaces on the 1936 map, along with their abbreviations, are listed below. SCs are annotated with an asterisk (*).

Albania Alb
Alexandretta Ale
Algiers* Alg
Ankara* Ank
Archangel Agl

Austria* Aus
Belgium* Bel
Berlin* Ber
Bohemia Boh
Bosnia Bos

Brest* Bre
Bulgaria* Bul
Burgos* Brg
Burgundy Bur
Byelorussia Bye

Catalonia Cat
Cracow* Cra
Croatia* Cro
Denmark* Den
Dobruja Dob

Dodecanese Dod
Eastern Anatolia EAn
East Prussia EPr
Eastern Ukraine EUk
Edinburgh* Edi

Egypt* Egy
Estonia Est
Extremadura Ext
Finland* Fin
Franconia Fra

Gascony Gas
Gdynia* Gdy
Gibraltar Gib
Granada Gra
Greater Poland GPo

Greece* Gre
Hamburg* Ham
Hungary* Hun
Iceland Ice
Iran* Irn

Iraq* Irq
Ireland Ire
Istanbul* Ist
Izmir* Izm
Kazakhstan Kaz

Konya Kon
Kurdistan Kur
Kuweit Kuw
Latvia* Lat
Lebanon* Leb

Leningrad* Len
Leon Leo
Libya* Lib
Lithuania* Lit
Liverpool* Liv

London* Lon
Lorraine Lor
Madrid* Mad
Marseille* Mar
Milan* Mil

Morocco* Mor
Moscow* Mos
Munich* Mun
Naples* Nap
Navarra Nav

Netherlands* Net
Norway* Nwy
Palestine Pal
Paris* Par
Picardy Pic

Piedmont Pie
Pomerania Pom
Portugal* Por
Rhineland Rhi
Rome* Rom

Rumania* Rum
Sardinia Sdn
Saudi Arabia SAr
Saxony Sax
Serbia* Ser

Siberia Sib
Sicily Sic
Silesia Sil
Slovakia Svk
Slovenia Svn

Southern Algeria SAl
South Tyrol STy
Stalingrad* Sta
Suez Sue
Sweden* Swe

Switzerland* Swi
Syria Syr
Thrace Thr
Transylvania Tra
Tunisia Tun

Tuscany Tus
Valencia* Val
Venetia Ven
Volhynia Vol
Wales Wal

Warsaw* War
Western Caucasia WCa
Western Ukraine WUk
Yorkshire Yor
Adriatic Sea ADR

Aegean Sea AEG
Arctic Ocean, ARC
Atlantic Ocean ATL
Baltic Sea BAL
Bay of Biscay BOB

Black Sea BLA
Caspian Sea CAS
Eastern Mediterranean Sea EAS
English Channel ENG
Gulf of Bothnia GOB

Gulf of Danzig GOD
Gulf of Lion GOL
Ionian Sea ION
Irish Sea IRI
Levantine Sea LEV

Maltese Sea MAL
Northern North Sea NNS
Northern Tyrrhenian Sea NTS
North-Western Approaches NWA
Norwegian Sea NRG

Persian Gulf PGU
Skaggerak SKA
Southern North Sea SNS
Southern Tyrrhenian Sea STS
South-Western Approaches SWA

Western Mediterranean Sea WES

1648 v8.2

2016-10-17T20:59:55Z

[[Category:Variant]]
= Introduction =

1648 is a nine-player Diplomacy variant set in Europe following the Peace of Westphalia, the first adjucated season being Spring 1649.

1648's rules are based upon those of Ambition & Empire, a variant designed by Jeff Kase and Baron Powell. As its most striking departure from Standard Diplomacy, the latter first featured armed neutrals whose actions players may secretly influence by bidding Diplomacy Points (DPs).

Should you be interested in joining or observing a future game, contact [mailto:cfeaux@gmail.com me.]

= Maps =

The map (v8.2) with starting units:

[[Image:1648_82 units.gif]]

The map (v8.2) with space abbreviations:

[[Image:1648_82.gif]]

= Rules =

All the rules of standard Diplomacy apply save those noted below:

== Great Powers ==
===Initial Setup===

Austria: A Prague, F Trieste, A Vienna.
Denmark-Norway: F Christiania, F Copenhagen, A Holstein.
England: F Bristol, F London.
France: F Brest, A Marseilles, A Paris.
Poland-Lithuania: A Cracow, A Vilna, A Warsaw.
Russia (Muscovy): A Moscow, A Novgorod, A Voronezh.
Spain: A Flanders, A Madrid, F Naples, F Seville.
Sweden: A Abo, A Riga, A Stettin, F Stockholm (East Coast).
Turkey (Ottoman Empire): A Belgrade, F Constantinople, A Damascus.

=== Home Supply Centers (HSCs) ===

Austria: Prague, Trieste, Vienna.
Denmark-Norway: Christiania, Copenhagen, Holstein.
England: Bristol, London.
France: Brest, Marseille, Paris.
Poland-Lithuania: Cracow, Vilna, Warsaw.
Russia (Muscovy): Moscow, Novgorod, Voronezh.
Spain: Madrid, Naples, Seville.
Sweden: Abo, Riga, Stettin, Stockholm.
Turkey (Ottoman Empire): Belgrade, Constantinople, Damascus.

Flanders is not considered a Spanish HSC and therefore does not serve as a Spanish build site.

These great powers may also build (once controlled) in:

Austria: Croatia, Transylvania.
Denmark-Norway: Oldenburg.
England: Brunswick, Holland, Ireland, Morocco, Scotland.
France: Flanders, Lorraine, Savoy.
Poland-Lithuania: Courland, Ducal Prussia, Moldavia, Wallachia.
Russia (Muscovy): Ukraine, Crimea.
Spain: Tuscany.
Sweden: Brandenburg.
Turkey (Ottoman Empire): Algiers, Tunis.

== Minor Powers ==

In addition to the nine Great Powers, there is also a host of "minor powers", which are non-player neutral Supply Centres (SCs) representing the smaller states of Europe, North Africa and the Near East. These include (space names in bold) the following:

* The Regency of '''Algiers''' (an autonomous province of the Ottoman Empire)
* The Electorate of '''Bavaria'''
* The Electorate of '''Brandenburg'''
* The Duchy of '''Brunswick'''
* The Venetian Colony of '''Candia'''
* The Duchy of '''Courland''' (an autonomous fiefdom of Poland-Lithuania)
* Kingdom of '''Croatia''' (representing independent-minded nobles and corsairs)
* The '''Rhineland''' (representing various territories belonging to the Lower-Rhenish, Electoral Rhenish and Lower Saxonian imperial circles)
* The Khanate of '''Crimea''' (a vassal state of the Ottoman Empire that includes the lands of the Crimean and Nagay Tatars)
* '''Holland'''(representing the United Provinces of the Netherlands)
* The Kingdom of '''Ireland'''
* The Duchy of '''Lorraine'''
* '''Mecklenburg''' (representing the Duchies of Mecklenburg)
* The Principality of '''Moldavia'''
* The Sultanate of '''Morocco'''
* The '''Papal States'''
* The Shahdom of '''Persia'''
* The Kingdom of '''Portugal'''
* The Duchy of '''Prussia''' (an autonomous fiefdom of Poland-Lithuania, called "Ducal Prussia" in the game as there's also a "Royal Prussia" space)
* The Duchy of '''Savoy'''
* The Electorate of '''Saxony'''
* The Kingdom of '''Scotland'''
* '''Swabia''' (representing various territories belonging to the Swabian and Upper Rhenish imperial circles)
* The Swiss Confederation ('''Switzerland''')
* The Principality of '''Transylvania'''
* The Regency of '''Tunis''' (an autonomous province of the Ottoman Empire)
* The Khanates of '''Turkestan'''
* The Grand Duchy of '''Tuscany'''
* The Republic of '''Venice'''
* The Cossack Hetmanate of the '''Ukraine'''
* The Principality of '''Wallachia'''

Each minor power, although a "non-player," starts with a unit (unit colour is white). All minor powers start with an army except for the following minors that start with a fleet: Algiers, Candia, Courland, Holland, Morocco, Portugal, Scotland, Tunis and Venice.

Minor power units prevent a Great Power from simply moving into an empty space and gaining control of the SC. To occupy a minor power SC, a Great Power will need to move in with support. A minor power unit that is forced to retreat is disbanded. If a Great Power does not occupy the minor power SC at the end of a Fall turn, the minor power’s unit is automatically rebuilt in the Winter.

A Great Power controls a minor power SC when one of its units occupies the space after a Fall turn has been played and completed. Once a Great Power gains control of a minor power SC, it can leave the SC vacant and still keep control of it as long as that SC is not occupied by another Great Power at the close of a Fall turn.

Minor power units do nothing but hold in place, unless the unit has been ordered by a Great Power using its Diplomacy Points.

== Diplomacy Points ==

Each Great Power receives a set number of Diplomacy Points (DPs) every Spring and Fall turn. '''France gets 5 DPs, while the other Great Power are allocated 3 DPs each. Deduct 1 DP from a Great Power's DP budget for each SC it originally owned, yet is controlled by another power.'''

During each Spring and Fall turn, each Great Power may allocate DPs to minor powers that still have units on the map. '''A Great Power may only allocate one DP to a given power except for one minor power where an additional DP might be allocated (i.e. two).'''

'''A Major Power may not allocate any DPs to a minor power SC it intends to attack (or support an attack against) during the current game turn.'''

For each DP allocated, the allocating Great Power submits an order for that particular minor power’s unit. A Great Power may order a minor power to move, hold or support. '''A minor power's unit given a move order (also known as a "sortie") will not actually move. However, the move action may cut support and bounce other units.'''

'''If a minor power unit is given a move order that under Standard rules would result in it moving, the order will result in the unit remaining in its starting territory, but no other unit may retreat or move into the territory the minor successfully attacked. A unit already in the target territory at turn start will not be dislodged.'''

The GM determines how DPs have been allocated. In the event of a conflict, an order for a particular minor power’s unit is followed if it is supported by more DPs than any conflicting order.

'''For a sortie order for a client minor power to be considered by the GM when determining which order that minor power will execute, the sortie needs to be backed by its patron OR requires two or more DPs from other great powers. No such restrictions are in place for non-client minor powers.'''

Unused DPs may not be carried over into the next turn. They are simply lost.

Players are not required to tell each other how they allocated their DPs. Just as with negotiations, players may honour their agreements with other players or not, as they see fit. Only the GM will know how Great Powers have allocated their DPs. DP allocation is not published in the adjudication; only the end results are published.

Example:
<blockquote>
''In Spring 1649, Austria allocates one DP to Swabia to get it to support an Austrian attack on Bavaria. France allocates one DP to Swabia to get it to support a French attack on Lorraine. In support of Austria, Spain allocates one DP to Swabia to get it to support the Austrian attack on Bavaria. Although Austria, France and Spain each allocated one DP to Swabia, the Austrians get the Swabian support because the Spaniards supported the Austrian diplomatic efforts with the Swabians.''</blockquote>

== Clients==

A minor power may be a client (or junior ally) of a great power (i.e. patron, senior ally).

Benefits of being a minor power's patron:

* '''Any DPs a patron allocates to a client are initially boosted by one in value. After every two years this bonus increases by one (i.e. the DP bonus rises to 2 for the Spring 1651 season, to 3 for the Spring 1653 season, etc).

These are the respective powers' clients:

Austria: Candia, Persia.
England: Brunswick, Portugal, Scotland.
France: Bavaria, Lorraine, Rhineland, Transylvania, Venice.
Poland-Lithuania: Moldavia, Saxony, Wallachia.
Russia: Turkestan, Ukraine.
Spain: Ireland, Savoy.
Sweden: Mecklenburg, Swabia.
Turkey (Ottoman Empire): Algiers, Crimea, Tunis.

== Victory Conditions ==

As soon as one Great Power controls '''18 SCs''', the game ends immediately and the player representing that Great Power is the winner.

If two Great Powers each gain control of 18 or more SCs at the same time, the player representing the Great Power with the most SCs is considered the winner. If the two Great Powers each control the same number of SCs, the game continues until one player has 18 or more SCs and that player has more SCs than any other player.

Players may terminate the game by mutual agreement before a winner is determined. If this occurs, any decision reached by the players (e.g. concede game to one player, concede game to an alliance) must be accepted unanimously. If the players cannot agree, all players who still have pieces on the board when the game ends share equally in a draw.

== Map Clarifications ==

• Constantinople, Copenhagen, Ingria and Scania are canal provinces and hence fleets located there are not designated as being on any particular coast. Note the Neva river (a thick blue line) runs through Ingria.

• Red arrows indicate that two spaces are adjacent to another.

• Constantinople encompasses Northwestern Anatolia, much of mainland Greece and Thrace as well as the Sea of Marmara. So the space borders the Ionian Sea (among other spaces) to the West.

• Note that the Atlantic and Indian Oceans adjoin. In other words, fleets may "circumnavigate Africa".

• Ducal Prussia and Courland are adjacent, whereas the Baltic Sea and Samogitia are not.

== Civil Disorder (Optional Rule) ==

If a player is lost during the game, the GM is strongly encouraged to find a replacement player for the affected Great Power rather than have it lapse into civil disorder. In the event no replacement player is found and the GM declares the Great Power to be in permanent civil disorder, the following rules apply:

* All units of the Great Power in civil disorder (GPCD) are immediately disbanded.
* All SCs controlled by the GPCD that are unoccupied are immediately considered newly independent minor powers. Minor power army units are built in those minor power spaces.
* All SCs controlled by the GPCD that are occupied by a unit belonging to another Great Power are unaffected. If the occupying Great Power moves its unit out of the GPCD’s SC so that the SC is unoccupied at the conclusion of a Fall turn, a minor power army unit is built there and that SC is considered a newly independent minor power.
* For the remainder of the game, all newly independent minor powers are subject to the provisions of regarding minor powers. In particular, this means the new minor power can be influenced using Diplomacy Points and are considered a power's client if so designated on the map.
* Once a Great Power is declared to be in permanent civil disorder, it may not be played by an active player again.

= Game Notes =

Two detailed articles about the variant may be found in previous DIPLOMACY WORLD issues:

[http://www.diplomacyworld.net/pdf/dw106.pdf First Article]

[http://www.diplomacyworld.net/pdf/dw107.pdf Second Article]

Note that these articles are based on an earlier variant version.

== Brief Introduction to the Major Powers ==

===Austria===
* Emperor Ferdinand III (1637-57)
* Head of Privy Council: Max, Count Trauttmannsdorff (1634-50)

''AUSTRIA is bang in the centre of the map. Lots of growth options (especially HRE, Italy, South-Eastern "Borderlands" minor power cluster), but doesn't really have the prospect of ever establishing a secure edge position.

===Denmark-Norway===
* King Frederick III

''DENMARK-NORWAY is stringed along a North-South Axis. Effectively sandwiched between England and Sweden. Well-positioned to expand southwards into the HRE goodies. But that further stretches DN on that vertical axis. So at some point Denmark will have to consolidate a more compact position by either turning East or West. Position favours a nice mix of fleets and armies.

===Commonwealth of England===
* Oliver Cromwell (Lord Protector, 1653-58)

''ENGLAND starts off smaller than any other power. But in a good position to secure her Celtic backyard and thus gain those extra build sites. A major advantage balancing her modest initial size is that she holds considerable diplomatic trump cards. Danish-Swedish and Franco-Spanish relations have a lot of in-built friction. That's something Cromwell needs to exploit to good effect. Under wise rule, England will often prosper (as in the present game). Intially small, diplomatically favoured, most navally oriented power, island position: Those factors make England very unique.

===France===
* King Louis XIV, the Sun King (1643-1715)
* Chief Minister: Jules Mazarin (1643-61)

''FRANCE enjoys the most compact starting-position of any power. All three initial SCs adjoin. This considerably helps home defence. Louis XIV is well-positioned to secure Lorraine, a potential French build site. Good access to the central minor power cluster. Plus access to the Atlantic sphere. One key question the Sun-King will have to adress is how to deal with Spain - a power which half-encircles "la hexagone". A Franco-Spanish alliance could be very strong. But the temptation for either power to attack the other is also there. Already a sortie by the Brest fleet into the Cantabrian Sea creates considerable difficulties for Spain. Though a move to ENG is also strong and might smother England before Cromwell can consolidate his position. More defensive play might mean bouncing A Flanders in Normandy and thus concentrating on the East for early builds. Successful eastward expansion could bring France into collision course with the Emperor. Indeed seizing the Imperial Crown is possible! But one can also nicely divide the central spoils with Austria: Lorraine, Switzerland and Savoy being within the French sphere, Swabia possibly left as a minor power buffer and Austria taking Saxony-Bavaria-Venice. With such an arrangement extended by France taking Tuscany and Austria the Papal States, the only place where the two spheres immediately touch would be on the Tus-Pap border. A perfectly sustainable arrangement for both, allowing France to focus on other theatres of operations. Or not, if France opts for a continued push eastwards.... I believe France faces lots of interesting challenges and options. Compact, somewhat more land-based than naval orientation, interesting question regarding Spanish "encirclement", Turkey very much a natural ally... Some key facets of France's position.

===Poland-Lithuania===
* King John II Casimir (1648-68)

''POLAND-LITHUANIA is a central power. Key for her is the Russo-Swedish-Polish triangle. I rate Austria and Denmark as natural allies. Good access to minor powers. A whopping three additional potential build sites promises considerable flexibility. Very much a land-based power. Non-contiguous home SCs somewhat complicate home defence. Though Warsaw is the only great power home SC no other rival can threaten within the opening year. So that compensates for Vilna being fairly vulnerable to attack. Relations with Russia are tricky. A bit like Austro-Turkish relations in Standard. Though with Sweden and Turkey on Russia's flanks, there are ways to keep the Czar honest without actually storming the East. Though if doing so, Poland might anchor her position along the map edge.

===Russia (Muscovy)===
* Tsar Alexis (1645-76)

''RUSSIA enjoys an edge position. But it may not feel like one. For, by design, it's nothing like the fairly secure corner position Standard's "witches" can call their own. Russia is best-placed to seize the Crimea. A potential Russian build site. The Polish-Swedish-Russian triangle (or Baltic quadrangle, if you include Denmark in the equation) is a key concern for the Czar. Courland being a point of Polish-Swedish contention presents considerable diplomatic opportunity. Regarding the Sublime Porte, Russia arguably holds the better diplomatic cards in that it can more gravely threaten Turkey than vice versa. Austria and especially Spain might prove very handy allies in a crusading campaign. A more secure edge position beckons following such a campaign. And would make Central Asia (Persia, Turkestan) an undisputed Russian domain. Russia is among the least maritime-oriented powers. But it has immediate access to the Northern Seas, potential access to the Baltic and Black Seas (also Caspian, but that is very much a backwater which very rarely should see any action).

===Spain===
* King Phillip IV (1621-65)

''SPAIN is all over the place! Flanders and Naples are very far removed from Iberia. Of these, Naples is far more important. Indeed, I rate Naples as Spain's most useful home SC. Building an empire in the Central Mediterranean may be key to Spanish success. As for Flanders, it's not even a home SC! So really no prospect of reinforcements there. It's more of a diplomatic pawn than a base for sustained expansion. So A Flanders should best be viewed as being subservient to Spain's wider cause. The Army of Flanders could indeed prove a useful wandering nomad. Spain's fundamentally a Mediterreanean power. She will try to secure the Maghreb for herself and link up Iberia with Naples. Naturally such Mediterranean ambitions impinge on Turkish interests. Spain's nightmare is a Franco-Turkish alliance against her. As such, any attack of hers against either could see the other quickly joining the party. This danger seriously complicates plans for attacking either and means that Spain should adopt a very broad diplomatic outlook, making sure France and Turkey are kept preoccupied in other theatres of operations. Spain, yet more than other powers, needs to play the whole board! Spanish summary: Far-flung domains, four initial units, threat of Franco-Turkish alliance, generally naval orientation, needs to play the "whole board" yet more than others, generally perceived as strong and as such probably often at a disadvantage in DP contests, can consolidate a powerful Mediterranean corner position.

===Sweden===
* Queen Christine (1632-54)

''SWEDEN shares two characteristics with Spain: Both have four non-contiguous initial SCs. Though these are all arrayed around the Baltic. As such, turning the Baltic into a Swedish lake should be a priority. Denmark most immediately poses a threat to such Baltic hegemony, but so might Russia and Poland further down the road. As for expansion at the expense of minor powers, Stockholm might not have the easiest time of it. In Northern Germany, Sweden has the first claim to Brandenburg, but beyond that SC, it'd be stepping on other powers' toes. Indeed, the HRE might be described as a dangerous pool of sharks. Especially the two Scandinavians' spheres of interest tend to overlap there. As for the Baltic SC cluster (Ducal Prussia, Courland), expansion there poses potential difficulties with Poland. In brief: Sweden may be envied by others for starting off with four units. But in all likelihood with have to work harder for her first gains! Indeed, such are those difficulties that Sweden may be among those powers most ready to immediately invade another great power. The position thus encourages early aggressive play as befits Vasa warrior-kings!

===Turkey===
* Sultan Mehmed IV, the Hunter (1648-87
* Regent: Kösem Sultan
* Grand Vizier: Sofu Mehmed Pasha (1648-49)

''TURKEY might consider itself a corner power. But that corner is initially very vulnerable. Her neighbours have good reason not to let her consolidate that corner position. To the West, the two Habsburg powers are natural allies. They could very effectively pool DPs. The Venetians on Crete could thus help the Spaniards storm Constantinople. Or the Wallachians ease the Austrians' path into Belgrade. And then there's the Czar... Any move by the Czar into Armenia will cause the Sultan fits! So while Turkey benefits from plenty of growth options around her, I'd say no other power is as vulnerable to a devastating opening attack. If the Sultan overcomes that initial vulnerability, then much can be made of that position. Armies and fleets may well play an equal role in Turkish plans. Perhaps moreso than any other power. Diplomatically speaking, France is very much a natural ally. And Spain arguably the most dangerous foe. The Med may often amount to an expensive Turkish-Spanish zero-sum contest and may often be Turkey's primary theatre of operations.
''

== Version Changelog since v2.0==

* Asterisk = SC province
* @ = adjacent to
* > = renamed

'''2.1'''
* Space Additions: Karelia, Persia*, Polotsk, Trondheim, Tunis*, Urals
* Space Removals: Archangel, Foix, Lancashire, Lyon*, Smolensk
* Altered Adjacencies: Constantinope* @ Belgrade*/Illyria, Leon @ Gascony/Aragon, Novgorod* @ Norwegian Sea, Seville @ Morocco, Voronezh @ Armenia/Persia*
* Name Change: Vitebsk > Smolensk

'''2.2'''
* Space Additions: Caspian Sea, Mesopotamia, Sardinia
* Altered Adjacencies: Astrakhan @ Persia*

'''2.3'''
* Altered Adjacencies: Christiania* @ Lapland
* Name Changes: Trondheim > Northern Norway

'''2.5'''
* Space Additions: Azerbaijan, Candia*, Permia, Turkestan*
* Altered Adjacencies: Norwegian Sea @ Karelia, Novgorod*, Permia
* Name Change: Urals > Siberia

'''2.8'''
* Space Additions: Hesse, Lower Saxony*

'''2.9'''
* Space Additions: Cantabrian Sea, Sicily
* Altered Adjacencies: Flanders* @ North Sea, Bavaria* @ Saxony*

'''3.0'''
* Space Addition: Lake Ladoga

'''3.1'''
* Space Additions: Gulf of Sidra, Luxembourg, Strait of Sicily
* Altered Adjacencies: Lombardy @ Papal States*, Paris @ Luxembourg

'''3.2'''
* Space Additions: Franconia, Royal Prussia
* Altered Adjacencies: Armenia @ Karaman
* Name Changes: Normandy > Picardy, Prussia > Ducal Prussia

'''3.3'''
* Space Additions: Onega, Smolensk
* Altered Adjacencies: Moscow* @ Norwegian Sea/Permia
* Name Changes: Polotsk > Polish Livonia, Smolensk (old space) > Vitebsk

'''3.4'''
* Rules Change: Victory criterion lowered from 18 to 15 SCs
* Space Additions: Arabia, Indian Ocean, Sahara, Terra Incognita (impassable)
* Altered Adjacencies: Damascus @ Indian Ocean (thereby bicoastal), Franconia @ Hesse
* Name Changes: Eastern Mediterranean Sea > Levantine Sea, Western Mediterranean Sea > Barbary Sea, Mid-Atlantic Ocean > Atlantic Ocean, North-Atlantic Ocean > Caledonian Ocean, North Sea > German Sea

'''3.5'''
* Rules Change: England is entitled to 3 DPs each (rather than just 2) for the opening year's spring and fall seasons.
* Space Additions: Black Ruthenia
* Altered Adjacencies: Brest* @ Marseille*

'''3.6'''
* Space Additions: Extremadura, La Mancha
* Altered Adjacencies: Lombardy @ Tyrolia

'''3.7'''
* Rules Change: Victory criterion increased from 15 to 16 SCs
* Altered Adjacencies: Black Ruthenia @ White Ruthenia
* Name Changes: Rhineland-Westphalia > Rhineland, Marseilles > Marseille
* Cosmetic Map Change: Lombardy's borders redrawn so as to include the Free State of Grisons (i.e. the later Swiss canton of Graubünden) instead of a portion of Venetian territory.

'''4.3'''
* Rules Change: HRE-specific rules abolished
* Space Additions: Albania, Bosnia, Styria
* Space Removals: Azerbaijan, Devon (incorporated into London), Illyria, Onega
* Altered Adjacencies: Astrakhan @ Siberia, Moscow @ Severia & White Ruthenia, Novgorod @ Karelia, Permia & Siberia, Belgrade @ Adriatic Sea

'''4.4'''
* Rules Change: France gets 6 DPs, while the other Great Powers receive only 3.
* Altered Adjacencies: Franconia @ Vienna

'''4.6'''
* Space Removals: Styria

'''4.8'''
* Rules Change: Victory criterion increased from 16 to 17 SCs
* New Minor Power: Croatia (i.e promoted to SC/minor power status)
* Space Removals: Gulf of Sirte
* Altered Adjacencies: Bristol @ Ireland

'''4.9'''
* Rules Change: Victory criterion increased from 17 to 18 SCs
* Space Additions: Cornwall

'''5.0'''
* Rules Change: Certain powers have vassals. Their DPs allocated to these are increased by one in value. Once controlled, the vassal's SC serves its overlord as a build site.
* Space Additions: Styria
* Space Removals: Cornwall
* Altered Adjacencies: Bristol no longer borders Ireland

'''5.1'''
* Vassal Status Change: Croatia is considered a Turkish vassal.
* Unit Change: Austria starts with a fleet in Trieste instead of an army.

'''5.4'''
* Space Addition: Gulf of Venice

'''5.5'''
* Altered Adjacencies: Levantine Sea @ Strait of Sicily & Tunis.
* Rules Change: Victory requires not only 18 SCs, but also 2 more SCs than the second-strongest power.

'''5.6'''
* Space Additions: Anhalt, East Frisia, Brunswick
* Space Removal: Lower Saxony

'''5.7'''
* Space Removal: Yorkshire
* Rules Change: A surviving vassal's SCs count for victory purposes towards its suzerain's SC total.
* Rules Change: Minor powers may perform sorties. At least one player needs to spend two DPs on a sortie order for it to be valid.

'''5.8'''
* Vassal Status Change: Ducal Prussia is no longer a Polish vassal. Nor is Savoy a French one anymore.
* Rules Change: France's DP budget is reduced from 6 to 5 DPs.
* Rules Change: The DP bonus increases by one after every three turns.
* Rules Change: -1 DP penalty for each originally owned SC which is foreign-controlled.
* Rules Change: Certain powers have junior allies. Their DPs allocated to these are increased after every three turns by 1 in value.
* Rules Change: HRE minors count towards Austria's victory tally. Austria also receives beginning with Fall 1650 a DP bonus for these.
* Ally Additions: Bavaria, Portugal, Rhineland, Savoy, Transylvania become French allies.
* Build Site Additions: Croatia and Transylvania for Austria, Ducal Prussia and Moldavia for Poland, Crimea and Ukraine for Russia.

'''6.5'''
* Rule Change: Remote Turkestan Rule
* Rule Change: 2 DPs only in one minor power. Rule geared towards limiting France's advantage.
* Rule Change: May no longer allocate DPs to a minor one intends to support an attack against.
* Abolished Rule: "If, during a Spring or Fall turn, a Great Power allocates more DPs to minor powers than it is entitled to, all of that Great Power’s DPs are forfeited for that particular turn."
* Rules Change: Vassals and Allies now effectively operate the same way. Only feature: Increasing DP bonus for patron. No more impact on victory for vassals/allies/imperial subjects.
* Ally Changes: Ukraine Russian instead of Polish, Portugal English instead of French, Croatia no longer Turkish vassal, Savoy no longer French ally, Persia Austrian ally
* Build Site Additions: England - Holland & Morocco, Poland - Wallachia, no longer Ukraine, Lorraine no longer French build site
* Name Change: United Provinces > Holland
* Altered Adjacencies: Gascony @ Paris, Bulgaria @ Hungary, Brunswick not @ Brandenburg, Atlantic Ocean @ Egypt
* Space Addition: Silistria

'''7.3'''
* Rule Change: Remote Turkestan Rule abolished.
* Rule Change: Imperial Subjects Rule abolished.
* Rule Change: 2 DPs (one each from two powers) suffice for a sortie order to be considered by the GM.
* Client Additions: Austria - Candia,Poland - Saxony, Russia - Turkestan, Sweden - Mecklenburg, Swabia.
* Build Site Additions: Denmark - Brunswick, France - Flanders, Lorraine, Sweden - Brandenburg.
* Name Change: Dauphiné > Dauphiny

'''7.5'''
* Build Site Additions: France - Savoy, Spain - Tuscany
* Space Addition: Kartli

'''7.6'''
* Client Change: Courland an English client instead of Poland's.
* Build Site Additions: Turkey - Algiers, Tunis.

'''8.2'''
* Rule Change: For a sortie order for a client minor power to be considered by the GM when determining which order that minor power will execute, the sortie needs to be backed by its patron OR requires two or more DPs from other great powers. No such restrictions are in place for non-client minor powers.
* Rule Change: The DP bonus increases only after every two years.
* Client Additions: England - Brunswick, Spain - Ireland, Savoy.
* Client Removals: England - Courland, Ireland.
* Space Addition: Oldenburg, Mazovia, Vladimir.
* Space Removal: East Frisia.
* Name Change: Astrakhan > Kazan
* Altered Adjacencies: Atlantic Ocean @ Bristol, Gulf of Bothnia @ Ducal Prussia, Kazan @ Moscow

'''Summary v8.2'''

* Since v2.0 a new 44 spaces have been added to the game, while 14 have been removed, i.e. a net addition of 30 spaces (among which are 5 SC provinces). The game now includes 141 spaces. 60 of these are SC provinces.

* As such the map now has a considerably higher buffer-to-SC ratio. It rose from 1.91 to 2.35 (v8.2). Standard Diplomacy clocks in at 2.2. Stephen Agar once recommended remain within the 2.0 to 2.5 range.

= Space Names and Abbreviations =

All spaces on the 1648 map, along with their abbreviations, are listed below. SCs are annotated with an asterisk (*).

<tt>
Abo* Abo
Adriatic Sea ADR
Aegean Sea AEG
Albania Alb
Algiers* Alg

Anhalt Anh
Arabia Ara
Aragon Arg
Arctic Ocean ARC
Armenia Arm

Atlantic Ocean ATL
Baltic Sea BAL
Barbary Sea BAR
Bavaria* Bav
Bay of Luebeck BOL

Belgrade* Bel
Black Ruthenia BRu
Black Sea BLA
Bohuslan Boh
Bosnia Bos

Brandenburg* Bra
Brest* Bre
Bristol* Bri
Brunswick* Bwk
Bulgaria Bul

Caledonian Ocean CAL
Candia* Cnd
Cantabrian Sea CAN
Caspian Sea CAS
Christiania* Chr

Constantinople* Con
Copenhagen* Cop
Courland* Cou
Cracow* Cra
Crimea* Cri

Croatia* Cro
Dalmatia Dal
Damascus* Dam
Dauphiny Dau
Ducal Prussia* DPr

Egypt Egy
English Channel ENG
Extremadura Ext
Finnmark Fin
Flanders* Fla

Franconia Fra
Gascony Gas
German Sea GER
Greater Poland GPo
Gulf of Bothnia GOB

Gulf of Lion GOL
Gulf of Venice GOV
Helgoland Bight HEL
Hesse Hes
Holland* UPr

Holstein* Hol
Hungary Hun
Iceland Ice
Indian Ocean IND
Ingria Ing

Ionian Sea ION
Ireland* Ire
Irish Sea IRI
Karaman Krm
Karelia Kar

Kartli Ktl
Kazan Kaz
Lake Ladoga LLA
La Mancha LMa
Lapland Lap

Leon Leo
Levantine Sea LEV
Lombardy Lom
London* Lon
Lorraine* Lor

Luxembourg Lux
Madrid* Mad
Marseille* Mar
Mazovia Maz
Mecklenburg* Mec

Mesopotamia Mes
Moldavia* Mol
Morocco* Mor
Moscow* Mos
Naples* Nap

Norwegian Sea NOR
Novgorod* Nov
Oldenburg* Old
Papal States* Pap
Paris* Par

Permia Prm
Persia* Per
Picardy Pic
Podolia Pod
Polish Livonia PLi

Portugal* Por
Prague* Pra
Pskov Psk
Riga* Rig
Rhineland* Rhi

Royal Prussia RPr
Sahara Sah
Samogitia Sam
Sardinia Sar
Savoy* Sav

Saxony* Sax
Scania Sca
Scotland* Sco
Severia Svr
Seville* Sev

Siberia Sib
Sicily Sic
Silesia Sil
Silistria Sls
Skagerrak SKA

Slovakia Slo
Smolensk Smo
Stettin* Ste
Stockholm* Sto
Strait of Sicily SOS

Styria Sty
Swabia* Swa
Switzerland* Swi
Transylvania* Tra
Trieste* Tri

Tunis* Tun
Turkestan* Tur
Tuscany* Tus
Tyrolia Tyr
Tyrrhenian Sea TYS

Ukraine* Ukr
Venice* Ven
Vienna* Vie
Vilna* Vil
Vitebsk Vit

Vladimir Vla
Volhynia Vol
Voronezh* Vor
Wallachia* Wal
Warsaw* War

White Ruthenia WRu

</tt>

0 to D Variant Names

2016-09-19T17:31:27Z

[[Category:Variant]]
= Introduction =

1648 is a nine-player Diplomacy variant set in Europe following the Peace of Westphalia, the first adjucated season being Spring 1649.

1648's rules are based upon those of Ambition & Empire, a variant designed by Jeff Kase and Baron Powell. As its most striking departure from Standard Diplomacy, the latter first featured armed neutrals whose actions players may secretly influence by bidding Diplomacy Points (DPs).

Should you be interested in joining or observing a future game, contact [mailto:cfeaux@gmail.com me.]

= Maps =

The map (v7.6) with starting units:

[[Image:1648_76 48_4.gif]]

The map (v7.6) with space abbreviations:

[[Image:1648_76.gif]]

= Rules =

All the rules of standard Diplomacy apply save those noted below:

== Great Powers ==
===Initial Setup===

Austria: A Prague, F Trieste, A Vienna.
Denmark-Norway: F Christiania, F Copenhagen, A Holstein.
England: F Bristol, F London.
France: F Brest, A Marseilles, A Paris.
Poland-Lithuania: A Cracow, A Vilna, A Warsaw.
Russia (Muscovy): A Moscow, A Novgorod, A Voronezh.
Spain: A Flanders, A Madrid, F Naples, F Seville.
Sweden: A Abo, A Riga, A Stettin, F Stockholm (East Coast).
Turkey (Ottoman Empire): A Belgrade, F Constantinople, A Damascus.

=== Home Supply Centers (HSCs) ===

Austria: Prague, Trieste, Vienna.
Denmark-Norway: Christiania, Copenhagen, Holstein.
England: Bristol, London.
France: Brest, Marseille, Paris.
Poland-Lithuania: Cracow, Vilna, Warsaw.
Russia (Muscovy): Moscow, Novgorod, Voronezh.
Spain: Madrid, Naples, Seville.
Sweden: Abo, Riga, Stettin, Stockholm.
Turkey (Ottoman Empire): Belgrade, Constantinople, Damascus.

Flanders is not considered a Spanish HSC and therefore does not serve as a Spanish build site.

These great powers may also build (once controlled) in:

Austria: Croatia, Transylvania.
Denmark-Norway: Brunswick.
England: Holland, Ireland, Morocco, Scotland.
France: Flanders, Lorraine, Savoy.
Poland-Lithuania: Courland, Ducal Prussia, Moldavia, Wallachia.
Russia (Muscovy): Ukraine, Crimea.
Spain: Tuscany.
Sweden: Brandenburg.
Turkey (Ottoman Empire): Algiers, Tunis.

== Minor Powers ==

In addition to the nine Great Powers, there is also a host of "minor powers", which are non-player neutral Supply Centres (SCs) representing the smaller states of Europe, North Africa and the Near East. These include (space names in bold) the following:

* The Regency of '''Algiers''' (an autonomous province of the Ottoman Empire)
* The Electorate of '''Bavaria'''
* The Electorate of '''Brandenburg'''
* The Duchy of '''Brunswick'''
* The Venetian Colony of '''Candia'''
* The Duchy of '''Courland''' (an autonomous fiefdom of Poland-Lithuania)
* Kingdom of '''Croatia''' (representing independent-minded nobles and corsairs)
* The '''Rhineland''' (representing various territories belonging to the Lower-Rhenish, Electoral Rhenish and Lower Saxonian imperial circles)
* The Khanate of '''Crimea''' (a vassal state of the Ottoman Empire that includes the lands of the Crimean and Nagay Tatars)
* '''Holland'''(representing the United Provinces of the Netherlands)
* The Kingdom of '''Ireland'''
* The Duchy of '''Lorraine'''
* '''Mecklenburg''' (representing the Duchies of Mecklenburg)
* The Principality of '''Moldavia'''
* The Sultanate of '''Morocco'''
* The '''Papal States'''
* The Shahdom of '''Persia'''
* The Kingdom of '''Portugal'''
* The Duchy of '''Prussia''' (an autonomous fiefdom of Poland-Lithuania, called "Ducal Prussia" in the game as there's also a "Royal Prussia" space)
* The Duchy of '''Savoy'''
* The Electorate of '''Saxony'''
* The Kingdom of '''Scotland'''
* '''Swabia''' (representing various territories belonging to the Swabian and Upper Rhenish imperial circles)
* The Swiss Confederation ('''Switzerland''')
* The Principality of '''Transylvania'''
* The Regency of '''Tunis''' (an autonomous province of the Ottoman Empire)
* The Khanates of '''Turkestan'''
* The Grand Duchy of '''Tuscany'''
* The Republic of '''Venice'''
* The Cossack Hetmanate of the '''Ukraine'''
* The Principality of '''Wallachia'''

Each minor power, although a "non-player," starts with a unit (unit colour is white). All minor powers start with an army except for the following minors that start with a fleet: Algiers, Candia, Courland, Holland, Morocco, Portugal, Tunis and Venice.

Minor power units prevent a Great Power from simply moving into an empty space and gaining control of the SC. To occupy a minor power SC, a Great Power will need to move in with support. A minor power unit that is forced to retreat is disbanded. If a Great Power does not occupy the minor power SC at the end of a Fall turn, the minor power’s unit is automatically rebuilt in the Winter.

A Great Power controls a minor power SC when one of its units occupies the space after a Fall turn has been played and completed. Once a Great Power gains control of a minor power SC, it can leave the SC vacant and still keep control of it as long as that SC is not occupied by another Great Power at the close of a Fall turn.

Minor power units do nothing but hold in place, unless the unit has been ordered by a Great Power using its Diplomacy Points.

== Diplomacy Points ==

Each Great Power receives a set number of Diplomacy Points (DPs) every Spring and Fall turn. '''France gets 5 DPs, while the other Great Power are allocated 3 DPs each. Deduct 1 DP from a Great Power's DP budget for each SC it originally owned, yet is controlled by another power.'''

During each Spring and Fall turn, each Great Power may allocate DPs to minor powers that still have units on the map. '''A Great Power may only allocate one DP to a given power except for one minor power where an additional DP might be allocated (i.e. two).''' (Design Note: ''This is a departure from the Ambition & Empire rules.'')

'''A Major Power may not allocate any DPs to a minor power SC it intends to attack (or support an attack against) during the current game turn.'''

For each DP allocated, the allocating Great Power submits an order for that particular minor power’s unit. A Great Power may order a minor power to move, hold or support. '''A minor power's unit given a move order (also known as a "sortie") will not actually move. However, the move action may cut support and bounce other units.'''

'''If a minor power unit is given a move order that under Standard rules would result in it moving, the order will result in the unit remaining in its starting territory, but no other unit may retreat or move into the territory the minor successfully attacked. A unit already in the target territory at turn start will not be dislodged.'''

The GM determines how DPs have been allocated. In the event of a conflict, an order for a particular minor power’s unit is followed if it is supported by more DPs than any conflicting order.

'''For a move/sortie order to be considered by the GM when determining which order a minor power will execute, at least 2 DPs need to be spent on it (i.e. the move/sortie order in question). Two powers may combine their efforts to meet this requirement.'''

Unused DPs may not be carried over into the next turn. They are simply lost.

Players are not required to tell each other how they allocated their DPs. Just as with negotiations, players may honour their agreements with other players or not, as they see fit. Only the GM will know how Great Powers have allocated their DPs. DP allocation is not published in the adjudication; only the end results are published.

Example:
<blockquote>
''In Spring 1649, Austria allocates one DP to Swabia to get it to support an Austrian attack on Bavaria. France allocates one DP to Swabia to get it to support a French attack on Lorraine. In support of Austria, Spain allocates one DP to Swabia to get it to support the Austrian attack on Bavaria. Although Austria, France and Spain each allocated one DP to Swabia, the Austrians get the Swabian support because the Spaniards supported the Austrian diplomatic efforts with the Swabians.''</blockquote>

== Clients==

A minor power may be a client (or junior ally) of a great power (i.e. patron, senior ally).

Benefits of being a minor power's patron:

* '''Any DPs a patron allocates to a client are initially boosted by one in value. After every three major seasons (i.e. spring or fall seasons) this bonus increases by one (i.e. the DP bonus rises to 2 for the Fall 1650 season, to 3 for the Spring 1652 season, etc).

These are the respective powers' vassals:

Austria: Candia, Persia.
England: Courland, Ireland, Portugal, Scotland.
France: Bavaria, Lorraine, Rhineland, Transylvania, Venice.
Poland-Lithuania: Moldavia, Saxony, Wallachia.
Russia: Turkestan, Ukraine.
Sweden: Mecklenburg, Swabia.
Turkey (Ottoman Empire): Algiers, Crimea, Tunis.

== Victory Conditions ==

As soon as one Great Power controls '''18 SCs''', the game ends immediately and the player representing that Great Power is the winner.

If two Great Powers each gain control of 18 or more SCs at the same time, the player representing the Great Power with the most SCs is considered the winner. If the two Great Powers each control the same number of SCs, the game continues until one player has 18 or more SCs and that player has more SCs than any other player.

Players may terminate the game by mutual agreement before a winner is determined. If this occurs, any decision reached by the players (e.g., concede game to one player, concede game to an alliance) must be accepted unanimously. If the players cannot agree, all players who still have pieces on the board when the game ends share equally in a draw.

== Map Clarifications ==

• Constantinople, Copenhagen, Ingria and Scania are canal provinces and hence fleets located there are not designated as being on any particular coast. Note the Neva river (a thick blue line) runs through Ingria.

• Red arrows indicate that two spaces are adjacent to another.

• Constantinople encompasses Northwestern Anatolia, much of mainland Greece and Thrace as well as the Sea of Marmara. So the space borders the Ionian Sea (among other spaces) to the West.

• Note that the Atlantic and Indian Oceans adjoin. In other words, fleets may "circumnavigate Africa".

• Ducal Prussia and Courland are adjacent, whereas the Baltic Sea and Samogitia are not.

== Civil Disorder (Optional Rule) ==

If a player is lost during the game, the GM is strongly encouraged to find a replacement player for the affected Great Power rather than have it lapse into civil disorder. In the event no replacement player is found and the GM declares the Great Power to be in permanent civil disorder, the following rules apply:

* All units of the Great Power in civil disorder (GPCD) are immediately disbanded.
* All SCs controlled by the GPCD that are unoccupied are immediately considered newly independent minor powers. Minor power army units are built in those minor power spaces.
* All SCs controlled by the GPCD that are occupied by a unit belonging to another Great Power are unaffected. If the occupying Great Power moves its unit out of the GPCD’s SC so that the SC is unoccupied at the conclusion of a Fall turn, a minor power army unit is built there and that SC is considered a newly independent minor power.
* For the remainder of the game, all newly independent minor powers are subject to the provisions of regarding minor powers. In particular, this means the new minor power can be influenced using Diplomacy Points.
* Once a Great Power is declared to be in permanent civil disorder, it may not be played by an active player again.

= Game Notes =

Two detailed articles about the variant may be found in previous DIPLOMACY WORLD issues:

[http://www.diplomacyworld.net/pdf/dw106.pdf First Article]

[http://www.diplomacyworld.net/pdf/dw107.pdf Second Article]

Note that these articles are based on an earlier variant version.

== Brief Introduction to the Major Powers ==

===Austria===
* Emperor Ferdinand III (1637-57)
* Head of Privy Council: Max, Count Trauttmannsdorff (1634-50)

''AUSTRIA is bang in the centre of the map. Lots of growth options (especially HRE, Italy, South-Eastern "Borderlands" minor power cluster), but doesn't really have the prospect of ever establishing a secure edge position.

===Denmark-Norway===
* King Frederick III

''DENMARK-NORWAY is stringed along a North-South Axis. Effectively sandwiched between England and Sweden. Well-positioned to expand southwards into the HRE goodies. But that further stretches DN on that vertical axis. So at some point Denmark will have to consolidate a more compact position by either turning East or West. Position favours a nice mix of fleets and armies.

===Commonwealth of England===
* Oliver Cromwell (Lord Protector, 1653-58)

''ENGLAND starts off smaller than any other power. But in a good position to secure her Celtic backyard and thus gain those extra build sites. A major advantage balancing her modest initial size is that she holds considerable diplomatic trump cards. Danish-Swedish and Franco-Spanish relations have a lot of in-built friction. That's something Cromwell needs to exploit to good effect. Under wise rule, England will often prosper (as in the present game). Intially small, diplomatically favoured, most navally oriented power, island position: Those factors make England very unique.

===France===
* King Louis XIV, the Sun King (1643-1715)
* Chief Minister: Jules Mazarin (1643-61)

''FRANCE enjoys the most compact starting-position of any power. All three initial SCs adjoin. This considerably helps home defence. Louis XIV is well-positioned to secure Lorraine, a potential French build site. Good access to the central minor power cluster. Plus access to the Atlantic sphere. One key question the Sun-King will have to adress is how to deal with Spain - a power which half-encircles "la hexagone". A Franco-Spanish alliance could be very strong. But the temptation for either power to attack the other is also there. Already a sortie by the Brest fleet into the Cantabrian Sea creates considerable difficulties for Spain. Though a move to ENG is also strong and might smother England before Cromwell can consolidate his position. More defensive play might mean bouncing A Flanders in Normandy and thus concentrating on the East for early builds. Successful eastward expansion could bring France into collision course with the Emperor. Indeed seizing the Imperial Crown is possible! But one can also nicely divide the central spoils with Austria: Lorraine, Switzerland and Savoy being within the French sphere, Swabia possibly left as a minor power buffer and Austria taking Saxony-Bavaria-Venice. With such an arrangement extended by France taking Tuscany and Austria the Papal States, the only place where the two spheres immediately touch would be on the Tus-Pap border. A perfectly sustainable arrangement for both, allowing France to focus on other theatres of operations. Or not, if France opts for a continued push eastwards.... I believe France faces lots of interesting challenges and options. Compact, somewhat more land-based than naval orientation, interesting question regarding Spanish "encirclement", Turkey very much a natural ally... Some key facets of France's position.

===Poland-Lithuania===
* King John II Casimir (1648-68)

''POLAND-LITHUANIA is a central power. Key for her is the Russo-Swedish-Polish triangle. I rate Austria and Denmark as natural allies. Good access to minor powers. A whopping three additional potential build sites promises considerable flexibility. Very much a land-based power. Non-contiguous home SCs somewhat complicate home defence. Though Warsaw is the only great power home SC no other rival can threaten within the opening year. So that compensates for Vilna being fairly vulnerable to attack. Relations with Russia are tricky. A bit like Austro-Turkish relations in Standard. Though with Sweden and Turkey on Russia's flanks, there are ways to keep the Czar honest without actually storming the East. Though if doing so, Poland might anchor her position along the map edge.

===Russia (Muscovy)===
* Tsar Alexis (1645-76)

''RUSSIA enjoys an edge position. But it may not feel like one. For, by design, it's nothing like the fairly secure corner position Standard's "witches" can call their own. Russia is best-placed to seize the Crimea. A potential Russian build site. The Polish-Swedish-Russian triangle (or Baltic quadrangle, if you include Denmark in the equation) is a key concern for the Czar. Courland being a point of Polish-Swedish contention presents considerable diplomatic opportunity. Regarding the Sublime Porte, Russia arguably holds the better diplomatic cards in that it can more gravely threaten Turkey than vice versa. Austria and especially Spain might prove very handy allies in a crusading campaign. A more secure edge position beckons following such a campaign. And would make Central Asia (Persia, Turkestan) an undisputed Russian domain. Russia is among the least maritime-oriented powers. But it has immediate access to the Northern Seas, potential access to the Baltic and Black Seas (also Caspian, but that is very much a backwater which very rarely should see any action).

===Spain===
* King Phillip IV (1621-65)

''SPAIN is all over the place! Flanders and Naples are very far removed from Iberia. Of these, Naples is far more important. Indeed, I rate Naples as Spain's most useful home SC. Building an empire in the Central Mediterranean may be key to Spanish success. As for Flanders, it's not even a home SC! So really no prospect of reinforcements there. It's more of a diplomatic pawn than a base for sustained expansion. So A Flanders should best be viewed as being subservient to Spain's wider cause. The Army of Flanders could indeed prove a useful wandering nomad. Spain's fundamentally a Mediterreanean power. She will try to secure the Maghreb for herself and link up Iberia with Naples. Naturally such Mediterranean ambitions impinge on Turkish interests. Spain's nightmare is a Franco-Turkish alliance against her. As such, any attack of hers against either could see the other quickly joining the party. This danger seriously complicates plans for attacking either and means that Spain should adopt a very broad diplomatic outlook, making sure France and Turkey are kept preoccupied in other theatres of operations. Spain, yet more than other powers, needs to play the whole board! Spanish summary: Far-flung domains, four initial units, threat of Franco-Turkish alliance, generally naval orientation, needs to play the "whole board" yet more than others, generally perceived as strong and as such probably often at a disadvantage in DP contests, can consolidate a powerful Mediterranean corner position.

===Sweden===
* Queen Christine (1632-54)

''SWEDEN shares two characteristics with Spain: Both have four non-contiguous initial SCs. Though these are all arrayed around the Baltic. As such, turning the Baltic into a Swedish lake should be a priority. Denmark most immediately poses a threat to such Baltic hegemony, but so might Russia and Poland further down the road. As for expansion at the expense of minor powers, Stockholm might not have the easiest time of it. In Northern Germany, Sweden has the first claim to Brandenburg, but beyond that SC, it'd be stepping on other powers' toes. Indeed, the HRE might be described as a dangerous pool of sharks. Especially the two Scandinavians' spheres of interest tend to overlap there. As for the Baltic SC cluster (Ducal Prussia, Courland), expansion there poses potential difficulties with Poland. In brief: Sweden may be envied by others for starting off with four units. But in all likelihood with have to work harder for her first gains! Indeed, such are those difficulties that Sweden may be among those powers most ready to immediately invade another great power. The position thus encourages early aggressive play as befits Vasa warrior-kings!

===Turkey===
* Sultan Mehmed IV, the Hunter (1648-87
* Regent: Kösem Sultan
* Grand Vizier: Sofu Mehmed Pasha (1648-49)

''TURKEY might consider itself a corner power. But that corner is initially very vulnerable. Her neighbours have good reason not to let her consolidate that corner position. To the West, the two Habsburg powers are natural allies. They could very effectively pool DPs. The Venetians on Crete could thus help the Spaniards storm Constantinople. Or the Wallachians ease the Austrians' path into Belgrade. And then there's the Czar... Any move by the Czar into Armenia will cause the Sultan fits! So while Turkey benefits from plenty of growth options around her, I'd say no other power is as vulnerable to a devastating opening attack. If the Sultan overcomes that initial vulnerability, then much can be made of that position. Armies and fleets may well play an equal role in Turkish plans. Perhaps moreso than any other power. Diplomatically speaking, France is very much a natural ally. And Spain arguably the most dangerous foe. The Med may often amount to an expensive Turkish-Spanish zero-sum contest and may often be Turkey's primary theatre of operations.
''

== Version Changelog since v2.0==

* Asterisk = SC province
* @ = adjacent to
* > = renamed

'''2.1'''
* Space Additions: Karelia, Persia*, Polotsk, Trondheim, Tunis*, Urals
* Space Removals: Archangel, Foix, Lancashire, Lyon*, Smolensk
* Altered Adjacencies: Constantinope* @ Belgrade*/Illyria, Leon @ Gascony/Aragon, Novgorod* @ Norwegian Sea, Seville @ Morocco, Voronezh @ Armenia/Persia*
* Name Change: Vitebsk > Smolensk

'''2.2'''
* Space Additions: Caspian Sea, Mesopotamia, Sardinia
* Altered Adjacencies: Astrakhan @ Persia*

'''2.3'''
* Altered Adjacencies: Christiania* @ Lapland
* Name Changes: Trondheim > Northern Norway

'''2.5'''
* Space Additions: Azerbaijan, Candia*, Permia, Turkestan*
* Altered Adjacencies: Norwegian Sea @ Karelia, Novgorod*, Permia
* Name Change: Urals > Siberia

'''2.8'''
* Space Additions: Hesse, Lower Saxony*

'''2.9'''
* Space Additions: Cantabrian Sea, Sicily
* Altered Adjacencies: Flanders* @ North Sea, Bavaria* @ Saxony*

'''3.0'''
* Space Addition: Lake Ladoga

'''3.1'''
* Space Additions: Gulf of Sidra, Luxembourg, Strait of Sicily
* Altered Adjacencies: Lombardy @ Papal States*, Paris @ Luxembourg

'''3.2'''
* Space Additions: Franconia, Royal Prussia
* Altered Adjacencies: Armenia @ Karaman
* Name Changes: Normandy > Picardy, Prussia > Ducal Prussia

'''3.3'''
* Space Additions: Onega, Smolensk
* Altered Adjacencies: Moscow* @ Norwegian Sea/Permia
* Name Changes: Polotsk > Polish Livonia, Smolensk (old space) > Vitebsk

'''3.4'''
* Rules Change: Victory criterion lowered from 18 to 15 SCs
* Space Additions: Arabia, Indian Ocean, Sahara, Terra Incognita (impassable)
* Altered Adjacencies: Damascus @ Indian Ocean (thereby bicoastal), Franconia @ Hesse
* Name Changes: Eastern Mediterranean Sea > Levantine Sea, Western Mediterranean Sea > Barbary Sea, Mid-Atlantic Ocean > Atlantic Ocean, North-Atlantic Ocean > Caledonian Ocean, North Sea > German Sea

'''3.5'''
* Rules Change: England is entitled to 3 DPs each (rather than just 2) for the opening year's spring and fall seasons.
* Space Additions: Black Ruthenia
* Altered Adjacencies: Brest* @ Marseille*

'''3.6'''
* Space Additions: Extremadura, La Mancha
* Altered Adjacencies: Lombardy @ Tyrolia

'''3.7'''
* Rules Change: Victory criterion increased from 15 to 16 SCs
* Altered Adjacencies: Black Ruthenia @ White Ruthenia
* Name Changes: Rhineland-Westphalia > Rhineland, Marseilles > Marseille
* Cosmetic Map Change: Lombardy's borders redrawn so as to include the Free State of Grisons (i.e. the later Swiss canton of Graubünden) instead of a portion of Venetian territory.

'''4.3'''
* Rules Change: HRE-specific rules abolished
* Space Additions: Albania, Bosnia, Styria
* Space Removals: Azerbaijan, Devon (incorporated into London), Illyria, Onega
* Altered Adjacencies: Astrakhan @ Siberia, Moscow @ Severia & White Ruthenia, Novgorod @ Karelia, Permia & Siberia, Belgrade @ Adriatic Sea

'''4.4'''
* Rules Change: France gets 6 DPs, while the other Great Powers receive only 3.
* Altered Adjacencies: Franconia @ Vienna

'''4.6'''
* Space Removals: Styria

'''4.8'''
* Rules Change: Victory criterion increased from 16 to 17 SCs
* New Minor Power: Croatia (i.e promoted to SC/minor power status)
* Space Removals: Gulf of Sirte
* Altered Adjacencies: Bristol @ Ireland

'''4.9'''
* Rules Change: Victory criterion increased from 17 to 18 SCs
* Space Additions: Cornwall

'''5.0'''
* Rules Change: Certain powers have vassals. Their DPs allocated to these are increased by one in value. Once controlled, the vassal's SC serves its overlord as a build site.
* Space Additions: Styria
* Space Removals: Cornwall
* Altered Adjacencies: Bristol no longer borders Ireland

'''5.1'''
* Vassal Status Change: Croatia is considered a Turkish vassal.
* Unit Change: Austria starts with a fleet in Trieste instead of an army.

'''5.4'''
* Space Addition: Gulf of Venice

'''5.5'''
* Altered Adjacencies: Levantine Sea @ Strait of Sicily & Tunis.
* Rules Change: Victory requires not only 18 SCs, but also 2 more SCs than the second-strongest power.

'''5.6'''
* Space Additions: Anhalt, East Frisia, Brunswick
* Space Removal: Lower Saxony

'''5.7'''
* Space Removal: Yorkshire
* Rules Change: A surviving vassal's SCs count for victory purposes towards its suzerain's SC total.
* Rules Change: Minor powers may perform sorties. At least one player needs to spend two DPs on a sortie order for it to be valid.

'''5.8'''
* Vassal Status Change: Ducal Prussia is no longer a Polish vassal. Nor is Savoy a French one anymore.
* Rules Change: France's DP budget is reduced from 6 to 5 DPs.
* Rules Change: The DP bonus increases by one after every three turns.
* Rules Change: -1 DP penalty for each originally owned SC which is foreign-controlled.
* Rules Change: Certain powers have junior allies. Their DPs allocated to these are increased after every three turns by 1 in value.
* Rules Change: HRE minors count towards Austria's victory tally. Austria also receives beginning with Fall 1650 a DP bonus for these.
* Ally Additions: Bavaria, Portugal, Rhineland, Savoy, Transylvania become French allies.
* Build Site Additions: Croatia and Transylvania for Austria, Ducal Prussia and Moldavia for Poland, Crimea and Ukraine for Russia.

'''6.5'''
* Rule Change: Remote Turkestan Rule
* Rule Change: 2 DPs only in one minor power. Rule geared towards limiting France's advantage.
* Rule Change: May no longer allocate DPs to a minor one intends to support an attack against.
* Abolished Rule: "If, during a Spring or Fall turn, a Great Power allocates more DPs to minor powers than it is entitled to, all of that Great Power’s DPs are forfeited for that particular turn."
* Rules Change: Vassals and Allies now effectively operate the same way. Only feature: Increasing DP bonus for patron. No more impact on victory for vassals/allies/imperial subjects.
* Ally Changes: Ukraine Russian instead of Polish, Portugal English instead of French, Croatia no longer Turkish vassal, Savoy no longer French ally, Persia Austrian ally
* Build Site Additions: England - Holland & Morocco, Poland - Wallachia, no longer Ukraine, Lorraine no longer French build site
* Name Change: United Provinces > Holland
* Altered Adjacencies: Gascony @ Paris, Bulgaria @ Hungary, Brunswick not @ Brandenburg, Atlantic Ocean @ Egypt
* Space Addition: Silistria

'''7.3'''
* Rule Change: Remote Turkestan Rule abolished.
* Rule Change: Imperial Subjects Rule abolished.
* Rule Change: 2 DPs (one each from two powers) suffice for a sortie order to be considered by the GM.
* Client Additions: Austria - Candia,Poland - Saxony, Russia - Turkestan, Sweden - Mecklenburg, Swabia.
* Build Site Additions: Denmark - Brunswick, France - Flanders, Lorraine, Sweden - Brandenburg.
* Name Change: Dauphiné > Dauphiny

'''7.5'''
* Build Site Additions: France - Savoy, Spain - Tuscany
* Space Addition: Kartli

'''7.6'''
* Client Change: Courland an English client instead of Poland's.
* Build Site Additions: Turkey - Algiers, Tunis.

'''Summary v7.6'''

* Since v2.0 a new 41 spaces have been added to the game, while 13 have been removed, i.e. a net addition of 28 spaces (among which are 4 SC provinces). The game now includes 139 spaces. 59 of these are SC provinces.

* As such the map now has a considerably higher buffer-to-SC ratio. It rose from 1.91 to 2.35 (v7.6). Standard Diplomacy clocks in at 2.2. Stephen Agar once recommended remain within the 2.0 to 2.5 range. If you remove Iceland and the Caspian Sea from the equation - both being of very marginal use - 1648 v7.6's ratio falls to 2.32. In other words, the map density is somewhat below Standard's.

= Space Names and Abbreviations =

All spaces on the 1648 map, along with their abbreviations, are listed below. SCs are annotated with an asterisk (*).

<tt>
Abo* Abo
Adriatic Sea ADR
Aegean Sea AEG
Albania Alb
Algiers* Alg

Anhalt Anh
Arabia Ara
Aragon Arg
Arctic Ocean ARC
Armenia Arm

Astrakhan Ast
Atlantic Ocean ATL
Baltic Sea BAL
Barbary Sea BAR
Bavaria* Bav

Bay of Luebeck BOL
Belgrade* Bel
Black Ruthenia BRu
Black Sea BLA
Bohuslan Boh

Bosnia Bos
Brandenburg* Bra
Brest* Bre
Bristol* Bri
Brunswick* Bwk

Bulgaria Bul
Caledonian Ocean CAL
Candia* Cnd
Cantabrian Sea CAN
Caspian Sea CAS

Christiania* Chr
Constantinople* Con
Copenhagen* Cop
Courland* Cou
Cracow* Cra

Crimea* Cri
Croatia* Cro
Dalmatia Dal
Damascus* Dam
Dauphiny Dau

Ducal Prussia* DPr
East Frisia EFr
Egypt Egy
English Channel ENG
Extremadura Ext

Finnmark Fin
Flanders* Fla
Franconia Fra
Gascony Gas
German Sea GER

Greater Poland GPo
Gulf of Bothnia GOB
Gulf of Lion GOL
Gulf of Venice GOV
Helgoland Bight HEL

Hesse Hes
Holland* UPr
Holstein* Hol
Hungary Hun
Iceland Ice

Indian Ocean IND
Ingria Ing
Ionian Sea ION
Ireland* Ire
Irish Sea IRI

Karaman Krm
Karelia Kar
Kartli Ktl
Lake Ladoga LLA
La Mancha LMa

Lapland Lap
Leon Leo
Levantine Sea LEV
Lombardy Lom
London* Lon

Lorraine* Lor
Luxembourg Lux
Madrid* Mad
Marseille* Mar
Mecklenburg* Mec

Mesopotamia Mes
Moldavia* Mol
Morocco* Mor
Moscow* Mos
Naples* Nap

Norwegian Sea NOR
Novgorod* Nov
Papal States* Pap
Paris* Par
Permia Prm

Persia* Per
Picardy Pic
Podolia Pod
Polish Livonia PLi
Portugal* Por

Prague* Pra
Pskov Psk
Riga* Rig
Rhineland-Westphalia* Rhi
Royal Prussia RPr

Sahara Sah
Samogitia Sam
Sardinia Sar
Savoy* Sav
Saxony* Sax

Scania Sca
Scotland* Sco
Severia Svr
Seville* Sev
Siberia Sib

Sicily Sic
Silesia Sil
Silistria Sls
Skagerrak SKA
Slovakia Slo

Smolensk Smo
Stettin* Ste
Stockholm* Sto
Strait of Sicily SOS
Styria Sty

Swabia* Swa
Switzerland* Swi
Transylvania* Tra
Trieste* Tri
Tunis* Tun

Turkestan* Tur
Tuscany* Tus
Tyrolia Tyr
Tyrrhenian Sea TYS
Ukraine* Ukr

Venice* Ven
Vienna* Vie
Vilna* Vil
Vitebsk Vit
Volhynia Vol

Voronezh* Vor
Wallachia* Wal
Warsaw* War
White Ruthenia WRu

</tt>

0 to D Variant Names

2016-09-19T15:45:53Z

Charlesf:

* [[1600]]
* [[1648 v30]]
* [[1648 v33]]
* [[1648 v35]]
* [[1648 v3.7]]
* [[1648 v4.3]]
* [[1648 v4.4]]
* [[1648 v4.6]]
* [[1648 v4.8]]
* [[1648 v4.9]]
* [[1648 v5.0]]
* [[1648 v5.1]]
* [[1648 v5.5]]
* [[1648 v5.6]]
* [[1648 v5.7]]
* [[1648 v5.8]]
* [[1648 v6.5]]
* [[1648 v7.3]]
* [[1648 v7.5]]
* [[1648 v7.6]]
* [[1720]]
* [[1847]]
* [[1885]]
* [[1897]]
* [[1898]]
* [[1900]]
* [[1913]]
* [[1926]]
* [[1936 v1.1]]
* [[1936 v1.3]]
* [[1936 v1.5]]
* [[1936 v1.7]]
* [[1936 v2.0]]
* [[1936 v2.2]]
* [[1936 v2.5]]
* [[1936 v2.6]]
* [[1936 v2.9]]
* [[1936 v3.3]]
* [[1936 v3.4]]
* [[1939]]
* 1939.Blitzkrieg, see: [[Blitzkrieg]]
* [[30JK Diplomacy]] (30 years war)
* [[7 Island]]
* [[Aberration]]
* [[Abstraction2]]
* [[Aegean]]
* [[African Diplomacy]] (I and II)
* [[African Riots]]
* [[Ambition and Empire]]
* Americas, see: [[War in the Americas]]
* [[Anarchy]]
* [[Ancient Mediterranean]]
* [[Ancient World]]
* [[Aotearoa]]
* [[Arctic]]
* [[Arab]]
* [[Asia]]
* [[Babylon 5]]
* [[Balkan]]
* [[Balkans1860]]
* [[Balkan War]]
* [[Baltic]]
* [[Black Hole]] (3 variations)
* [[Blitzkrieg]]
* [[Bourse]]
* [[Britain]]
* [[Canton]]
* [[Canton 3]]
* [[Catspaw]]
* [[Chaos]]
* [[ChessDip]]
* [[Chicago]]
* [[Chromatic]]
* [[CivDip|Civilization Diplomacy]]
* [[Classical]]
* [[Cold War]]
* [[Colonia VIIb]]
* [[Colonial]]
* [[Confederate]]
* [[Congress of Vienna]]
* [[Conquest Of The Americas]]
* [[Consolidation 1865]]
* [[Crisis]]
* [[Crowded]]
* [[Crusades]]
* [[Crystal Ball]]
* [[Dark Ages]]
* [[Deluge]]
* [[Deutsches Reich 1871]]
* [[Diplomyddiaeth Gymreig]]
* [[Diplowinn]]
* [[Double Diplomacy]]
* [[Duo]]

'''Other Variants:'''
* [[Build Variations]]
* [[E to L Variant Names]]
* [[M to S Variant Names]]
* [[T to Z Variant Names]]
* [[Variants by Subject]]

File:1648 75.gif

2016-09-18T19:06:07Z

Charlesf:

1648 v6.5

2016-06-11T19:11:04Z

Charlesf: /* Diplomacy Points */

[[Category:Variant]]
= Introduction =

1648 is a nine-player Diplomacy variant set in Europe following the Peace of Westphalia, the first adjucated season being Spring 1649.

1648's rules are based upon those of Ambition & Empire, a variant designed by Jeff Kase and Baron Powell. As its most striking departure from Standard Diplomacy, the latter first featured armed neutrals whose actions players may secretly influence by bidding Diplomacy Points (DPs).

Should you be interested in joining or observing a future game, contact [mailto:cfeaux@gmail.com me.]

= Maps =

The map (v6.5) with starting units:

[[Image:1648_65 48_4.gif]]

The map (v6.5) with space abbreviations:

[[Image:1648_65.gif]]

= Rules =

All the rules of standard Diplomacy apply save those noted below:

== Great Powers ==
===Initial Setup===

Austria (HRE): A Prague, F Trieste, A Vienna.
Denmark-Norway: F Christiania, F Copenhagen, A Holstein.
England: F Bristol, F London.
France: F Brest, A Marseilles, A Paris.
Poland-Lithuania: A Cracow, A Vilna, A Warsaw.
Russia (Muscovy): A Moscow, A Novgorod, A Voronezh.
Spain: A Flanders, A Madrid, F Naples, F Seville.
Sweden: A Abo, A Riga, A Stettin, F Stockholm (East Coast).
Turkey (Ottoman Empire): A Belgrade, F Constantinople, A Damascus.

=== Home Supply Centers (HSCs) ===

Austria (HRE): Prague, Trieste, Vienna.
Denmark-Norway: Christiania, Copenhagen, Holstein.
England: Bristol, London.
France: Brest, Marseille, Paris.
Poland-Lithuania: Cracow, Vilna, Warsaw.
Russia (Muscovy): Moscow, Novgorod, Voronezh.
Spain: Madrid, Naples, Seville.
Sweden: Abo, Riga, Stettin, Stockholm.
Turkey (Ottoman Empire): Belgrade, Constantinople, Damascus.

Flanders is not considered a Spanish HSC and therefore does not serve as a Spanish build site.

These great powers may also build (once controlled) in:

Austria (HRE): Croatia, Transylvania.
England: Holland, Ireland, Morocco, Scotland.
Poland-Lithuania: Courland, Ducal Prussia, Moldavia, Wallachia.
Russia (Muscovy): Ukraine, Crimea.

== Minor Powers ==

In addition to the nine Great Powers, there is also a host of "minor powers", which are non-player neutral Supply Centres (SCs) representing the smaller states of Europe, North Africa and the Near East. These include (space names in bold) the following:

* The Regency of '''Algiers''' (an autonomous province of the Ottoman Empire)
* The Electorate of '''Bavaria'''
* The Electorate of '''Brandenburg'''
* The Duchy of '''Brunswick'''
* The Venetian Colony of '''Candia'''
* The Duchy of '''Courland''' (an autonomous fiefdom of Poland-Lithuania)
* Kingdom of '''Croatia''' (representing independent-minded nobles and corsairs)
* The '''Rhineland''' (representing various territories belonging to the Lower-Rhenish, Electoral Rhenish and Lower Saxonian imperial circles)
* The Khanate of '''Crimea''' (a vassal state of the Ottoman Empire that includes the lands of the Crimean and Nagay Tatars)
* '''Holland'''(representing the United Provinces of the Netherlands)
* The Kingdom of '''Ireland'''
* The Duchy of '''Lorraine'''
* '''Mecklenburg''' (representing the Duchies of Mecklenburg)
* The Principality of '''Moldavia'''
* The Sultanate of '''Morocco'''
* The '''Papal States'''
* The Shahdom of '''Persia'''
* The Kingdom of '''Portugal'''
* The Duchy of '''Prussia''' (an autonomous fiefdom of Poland-Lithuania, called "Ducal Prussia" in the game as there's also a "Royal Prussia" space)
* The Duchy of '''Savoy'''
* The Electorate of '''Saxony'''
* The Kingdom of '''Scotland'''
* '''Swabia''' (representing various territories belonging to the Swabian and Upper Rhenish imperial circles)
* The Swiss Confederation ('''Switzerland''')
* The Principality of '''Transylvania'''
* The Regency of '''Tunis''' (an autonomous province of the Ottoman Empire)
* The Khanates of '''Turkestan'''
* The Grand Duchy of '''Tuscany'''
* The Republic of '''Venice'''
* The Cossack Hetmanate of the '''Ukraine'''
* The Principality of '''Wallachia'''

Each minor power, although a "non-player," starts with a unit (unit colour is white). All minor powers start with an army except for the following minors that start with a fleet: Algiers, Candia, Courland, Holland, Morocco, Portugal, Tunis and Venice.

Minor power units prevent a Great Power from simply moving into an empty space and gaining control of the SC. To occupy a minor power SC, a Great Power will need to move in with support. A minor power unit that is forced to retreat is disbanded. If a Great Power does not occupy the minor power SC at the end of a Fall turn, the minor power’s unit is automatically rebuilt in the Winter.

A Great Power controls a minor power SC when one of its units occupies the space after a Fall turn has been played and completed. Once a Great Power gains control of a minor power SC, it can leave the SC vacant and still keep control of it as long as that SC is not occupied by another Great Power at the close of a Fall turn.

Minor power units do nothing but hold in place, unless the unit has been ordered by a Great Power using its Diplomacy Points.

== Diplomacy Points ==

Each Great Power receives a set number of Diplomacy Points (DPs) every Spring and Fall turn. '''France gets 5 DPs, while the other Great Power are allocated 3 DPs each. Deduct 1 DP from a Great Power's DP budget for each SC it originally owned, yet is controlled by another power.'''

During each Spring and Fall turn, each Great Power may allocate DPs to minor powers that still have units on the map. '''A Great Power may only allocate one DP to a given power except for one minor power where an additional DP might be allocated (i.e. two).''' (Design Note: ''This is a departure from the Ambition & Empire rules.'')

Remote Turkestan Rule: For a DP order for A Turkestan to be successful, it needs to unify two more DPs than any competing orders. If only one order receives DPs, then that order will needs two DPs.

'''A Major Power may not allocate any DPs to a minor power SC it intends to attack (or support an attack against) during the current game turn.'''

For each DP allocated, the allocating Great Power submits an order for that particular minor power’s unit. A Great Power may order a minor power to move, hold or support. '''A minor power's unit given a move order (also known as a "sortie") will not actually move. However, the move action may cut support and bounce other units.'''

'''If a minor power unit is given a move order that under Standard rules would result in it moving, the order will result in the unit remaining in its starting territory, but no other unit may retreat or move into the territory the minor successfully attacked. A unit already in the target territory at turn start will not be dislodged.'''

The GM determines how DPs have been allocated. In the event of a conflict, an order for a particular minor power’s unit is followed if it is supported by more DPs than any conflicting order.

'''For a move/sortie order to be considered by the GM when determining which order a minor power will execute, at least one player will have to spend 2 DPs on the move/sortie order in question. Client bonuses (Vassals, Allies and Imperial Principalities) count towards this 2 DP requirement.'''

Unused DPs may not be carried over into the next turn. They are simply lost.

Players are not required to tell each other how they allocated their DPs. Just as with negotiations, players may honour their agreements with other players or not, as they see fit. Only the GM will know how Great Powers have allocated their DPs. DP allocation is not published in the adjudication; only the end results are published.

Example:
<blockquote>
''In Spring 1649, Austria allocates one DP to Swabia to get it to support an Austrian attack on Bavaria. France allocates one DP to Swabia to get it to support a French attack on Lorraine. In support of Austria, Spain allocates one DP to Swabia to get it to support the Austrian attack on Bavaria. Although Austria, France and Spain each allocated one DP to Swabia, the Austrians get the Swabian support because the Spaniards supported the Austrian diplomatic efforts with the Swabians.''</blockquote>

== Clients==

Clients (vassals, (minor power) allies, imperial subjects) bestow certain privileges on their great power patrons:

=== Allies ===

A minor power may be an (junior) ally of a great power (i.e. senior ally).

Benefits of being a minor power's ally:

* '''Any DPs a senior ally allocates to a junior ally are initially boosted by one in value. After every three major seasons (i.e. spring or fall seasons) this bonus increases by one (i.e. the DP bonus rises to 2 for the Fall 1650 season, to 3 for the Spring 1652 season, etc).

These are the respective powers' vassals:

Austria: Persia.
England: Ireland, Portugal, Scotland.
France: Bavaria, Lorraine, Rhineland, Transylvania.
Poland-Lithuania: Courland, Moldavia, Wallachia.
Russia: Ukraine.
Turkey (Ottoman Empire): Algiers, Crimea, Tunis.

Allies which also serve as build-sites for their patron may be considered vassals. This has no impact on the game.

=== Imperial Subjects ===

The Emperor (i.e. Austria) enjoys the following privileges in Holy Roman Empire (HRE) minor powers:

* '''Beginning with Fall 1650, any DPs Austria allocates to an HRE minor are at first boosted by 1 in value. Then, after every three major seasons (i.e. spring or fall) this bonus increases by one (i.e. the DP bonus rises to 2 for Spring 1652, to 3 for the Fall 1653 season, etc).

Following minors belong to the HRE:

* Bavaria
* Brandenburg
* Brunswick
* Lorraine
* Mecklenburg
* Rhineland
* Saxony
* Swabia

Their SC dots are partially marked in grey. HRE SCs initially controlled by great powers are marked the same way, though this has no game effect.

== Victory Conditions ==

As soon as one Great Power controls '''18 SCs''', the game ends immediately and the player representing that Great Power is the winner.

If two Great Powers each gain control of 18 or more SCs at the same time, the player representing the Great Power with the most SCs is considered the winner. If the two Great Powers each control the same number of SCs, the game continues until one player has 18 or more SCs and that player has more SCs than any other player.

Players may terminate the game by mutual agreement before a winner is determined. If this occurs, any decision reached by the players (e.g., concede game to one player, concede game to an alliance) must be accepted unanimously. If the players cannot agree, all players who still have pieces on the board when the game ends share equally in a draw.

== Map Clarifications ==

• Constantinople, Copenhagen, Ingria and Scania are canal provinces and hence fleets located there are not designated as being on any particular coast. Note the Neva river (a thick blue line) runs through Ingria.

• Red arrows indicate that two spaces are adjacent to another.

• Constantinople encompasses Northwestern Anatolia, much of mainland Greece and Thrace as well as the Sea of Marmara. So the space borders the Ionian Sea (among other spaces) to the West.

• Note that the Atlantic and Indian Oceans adjoin. In other words, fleets may "circumnavigate Africa".

• Ducal Prussia and Courland are adjacent, whereas the Baltic Sea and Samogitia are not.

== Civil Disorder (Optional Rule) ==

If a player is lost during the game, the GM is strongly encouraged to find a replacement player for the affected Great Power rather than have it lapse into civil disorder. In the event no replacement player is found and the GM declares the Great Power to be in permanent civil disorder, the following rules apply:

* All units of the Great Power in civil disorder (GPCD) are immediately disbanded.
* All SCs controlled by the GPCD that are unoccupied are immediately considered newly independent minor powers. Minor power army units are built in those minor power spaces.
* All SCs controlled by the GPCD that are occupied by a unit belonging to another Great Power are unaffected. If the occupying Great Power moves its unit out of the GPCD’s SC so that the SC is unoccupied at the conclusion of a Fall turn, a minor power army unit is built there and that SC is considered a newly independent minor power.
* For the remainder of the game, all newly independent minor powers are subject to the provisions of regarding minor powers. In particular, this means the new minor power can be influenced using Diplomacy Points.
* Once a Great Power is declared to be in permanent civil disorder, it may not be played by an active player again.

= Game Notes =

Two detailed articles about the variant may be found in previous DIPLOMACY WORLD issues:

[http://www.diplomacyworld.net/pdf/dw106.pdf First Article]

[http://www.diplomacyworld.net/pdf/dw107.pdf Second Article]

Note that these articles are based on an earlier variant version.

== Brief Introduction to the Major Powers ==

===Austria===
* Emperor Ferdinand III (1637-57)
* Head of Privy Council: Max, Count Trauttmannsdorff (1634-50)

''AUSTRIA is bang in the centre of the map. Lots of growth options (especially HRE, Italy, South-Eastern "Borderlands" minor power cluster), but doesn't really have the prospect of ever establishing a secure edge position.

===Denmark-Norway===
* King Frederick III

''DENMARK-NORWAY is stringed along a North-South Axis. Effectively sandwiched between England and Sweden. Well-positioned to expand southwards into the HRE goodies. But that further stretches DN on that vertical axis. So at some point Denmark will have to consolidate a more compact position by either turning East or West. Position favours a nice mix of fleets and armies.

===Commonwealth of England===
* Oliver Cromwell (Lord Protector, 1653-58)

''ENGLAND starts off smaller than any other power. But in a good position to secure her Celtic backyard and thus gain those extra build sites. A major advantage balancing her modest initial size is that she holds considerable diplomatic trump cards. Danish-Swedish and Franco-Spanish relations have a lot of in-built friction. That's something Cromwell needs to exploit to good effect. Under wise rule, England will often prosper (as in the present game). Intially small, diplomatically favoured, most navally oriented power, island position: Those factors make England very unique.

===France===
* King Louis XIV, the Sun King (1643-1715)
* Chief Minister: Jules Mazarin (1643-61)

''FRANCE enjoys the most compact starting-position of any power. All three initial SCs adjoin. This considerably helps home defence. Louis XIV is well-positioned to secure Lorraine, a potential French build site. Good access to the central minor power cluster. Plus access to the Atlantic sphere. One key question the Sun-King will have to adress is how to deal with Spain - a power which half-encircles "la hexagone". A Franco-Spanish alliance could be very strong. But the temptation for either power to attack the other is also there. Already a sortie by the Brest fleet into the Cantabrian Sea creates considerable difficulties for Spain. Though a move to ENG is also strong and might smother England before Cromwell can consolidate his position. More defensive play might mean bouncing A Flanders in Normandy and thus concentrating on the East for early builds. Successful eastward expansion could bring France into collision course with the Emperor. Indeed seizing the Imperial Crown is possible! But one can also nicely divide the central spoils with Austria: Lorraine, Switzerland and Savoy being within the French sphere, Swabia possibly left as a minor power buffer and Austria taking Saxony-Bavaria-Venice. With such an arrangement extended by France taking Tuscany and Austria the Papal States, the only place where the two spheres immediately touch would be on the Tus-Pap border. A perfectly sustainable arrangement for both, allowing France to focus on other theatres of operations. Or not, if France opts for a continued push eastwards.... I believe France faces lots of interesting challenges and options. Compact, somewhat more land-based than naval orientation, interesting question regarding Spanish "encirclement", Turkey very much a natural ally... Some key facets of France's position.

===Poland-Lithuania===
* King John II Casimir (1648-68)

''POLAND-LITHUANIA is a central power. Key for her is the Russo-Swedish-Polish triangle. I rate Austria and Denmark as natural allies. Good access to minor powers. A whopping three additional potential build sites promises considerable flexibility. Very much a land-based power. Non-contiguous home SCs somewhat complicate home defence. Though Warsaw is the only great power home SC no other rival can threaten within the opening year. So that compensates for Vilna being fairly vulnerable to attack. Relations with Russia are tricky. A bit like Austro-Turkish relations in Standard. Though with Sweden and Turkey on Russia's flanks, there are ways to keep the Czar honest without actually storming the East. Though if doing so, Poland might anchor her position along the map edge.

===Russia (Muscovy)===
* Tsar Alexis (1645-76)

''RUSSIA enjoys an edge position. But it may not feel like one. For, by design, it's nothing like the fairly secure corner position Standard's "witches" can call their own. Russia is best-placed to seize the Crimea. A potential Russian build site. The Polish-Swedish-Russian triangle (or Baltic quadrangle, if you include Denmark in the equation) is a key concern for the Czar. Courland being a point of Polish-Swedish contention presents considerable diplomatic opportunity. Regarding the Sublime Porte, Russia arguably holds the better diplomatic cards in that it can more gravely threaten Turkey than vice versa. Austria and especially Spain might prove very handy allies in a crusading campaign. A more secure edge position beckons following such a campaign. And would make Central Asia (Persia, Turkestan) an undisputed Russian domain. Russia is among the least maritime-oriented powers. But it has immediate access to the Northern Seas, potential access to the Baltic and Black Seas (also Caspian, but that is very much a backwater which very rarely should see any action).

===Spain===
* King Phillip IV (1621-65)

''SPAIN is all over the place! Flanders and Naples are very far removed from Iberia. Of these, Naples is far more important. Indeed, I rate Naples as Spain's most useful home SC. Building an empire in the Central Mediterranean may be key to Spanish success. As for Flanders, it's not even a home SC! So really no prospect of reinforcements there. It's more of a diplomatic pawn than a base for sustained expansion. So A Flanders should best be viewed as being subservient to Spain's wider cause. The Army of Flanders could indeed prove a useful wandering nomad. Spain's fundamentally a Mediterreanean power. She will try to secure the Maghreb for herself and link up Iberia with Naples. Naturally such Mediterranean ambitions impinge on Turkish interests. Spain's nightmare is a Franco-Turkish alliance against her. As such, any attack of hers against either could see the other quickly joining the party. This danger seriously complicates plans for attacking either and means that Spain should adopt a very broad diplomatic outlook, making sure France and Turkey are kept preoccupied in other theatres of operations. Spain, yet more than other powers, needs to play the whole board! Spanish summary: Far-flung domains, four initial units, threat of Franco-Turkish alliance, generally naval orientation, needs to play the "whole board" yet more than others, generally perceived as strong and as such probably often at a disadvantage in DP contests, can consolidate a powerful Mediterranean corner position.

===Sweden===
* Queen Christine (1632-54)

''SWEDEN shares two characteristics with Spain: Both have four non-contiguous initial SCs. Though these are all arrayed around the Baltic. As such, turning the Baltic into a Swedish lake should be a priority. Denmark most immediately poses a threat to such Baltic hegemony, but so might Russia and Poland further down the road. As for expansion at the expense of minor powers, Stockholm might not have the easiest time of it. In Northern Germany, Sweden has the first claim to Brandenburg, but beyond that SC, it'd be stepping on other powers' toes. Indeed, the HRE might be described as a dangerous pool of sharks. Especially the two Scandinavians' spheres of interest tend to overlap there. As for the Baltic SC cluster (Ducal Prussia, Courland), expansion there poses potential difficulties with Poland. In brief: Sweden may be envied by others for starting off with four units. But in all likelihood with have to work harder for her first gains! Indeed, such are those difficulties that Sweden may be among those powers most ready to immediately invade another great power. The position thus encourages early aggressive play as befits Vasa warrior-kings!

===Turkey===
* Sultan Mehmed IV, the Hunter (1648-87
* Regent: Kösem Sultan
* Grand Vizier: Sofu Mehmed Pasha (1648-49)

''TURKEY might consider itself a corner power. But that corner is initially very vulnerable. Her neighbours have good reason not to let her consolidate that corner position. To the West, the two Habsburg powers are natural allies. They could very effectively pool DPs. The Venetians on Crete could thus help the Spaniards storm Constantinople. Or the Wallachians ease the Austrians' path into Belgrade. And then there's the Czar... Any move by the Czar into Armenia will cause the Sultan fits! So while Turkey benefits from plenty of growth options around her, I'd say no other power is as vulnerable to a devastating opening attack. If the Sultan overcomes that initial vulnerability, then much can be made of that position. Armies and fleets may well play an equal role in Turkish plans. Perhaps moreso than any other power. Diplomatically speaking, France is very much a natural ally. And Spain arguably the most dangerous foe. The Med may often amount to an expensive Turkish-Spanish zero-sum contest and may often be Turkey's primary theatre of operations.
''

== Version Changelog since v2.0==

* Asterisk = SC province
* @ = adjacent to
* > = renamed

'''2.1'''
* Space Additions: Karelia, Persia*, Polotsk, Trondheim, Tunis*, Urals
* Space Removals: Archangel, Foix, Lancashire, Lyon*, Smolensk
* Altered Adjacencies: Constantinope* @ Belgrade*/Illyria, Leon @ Gascony/Aragon, Novgorod* @ Norwegian Sea, Seville @ Morocco, Voronezh @ Armenia/Persia*
* Name Change: Vitebsk > Smolensk

'''2.2'''
* Space Additions: Caspian Sea, Mesopotamia, Sardinia
* Altered Adjacencies: Astrakhan @ Persia*

'''2.3'''
* Altered Adjacencies: Christiania* @ Lapland
* Name Changes: Trondheim > Northern Norway

'''2.5'''
* Space Additions: Azerbaijan, Candia*, Permia, Turkestan*
* Altered Adjacencies: Norwegian Sea @ Karelia, Novgorod*, Permia
* Name Change: Urals > Siberia

'''2.8'''
* Space Additions: Hesse, Lower Saxony*

'''2.9'''
* Space Additions: Cantabrian Sea, Sicily
* Altered Adjacencies: Flanders* @ North Sea, Bavaria* @ Saxony*

'''3.0'''
* Space Addition: Lake Ladoga

'''3.1'''
* Space Additions: Gulf of Sidra, Luxembourg, Strait of Sicily
* Altered Adjacencies: Lombardy @ Papal States*, Paris @ Luxembourg

'''3.2'''
* Space Additions: Franconia, Royal Prussia
* Altered Adjacencies: Armenia @ Karaman
* Name Changes: Normandy > Picardy, Prussia > Ducal Prussia

'''3.3'''
* Space Additions: Onega, Smolensk
* Altered Adjacencies: Moscow* @ Norwegian Sea/Permia
* Name Changes: Polotsk > Polish Livonia, Smolensk (old space) > Vitebsk

'''3.4'''
* Rules Change: Victory criterion lowered from 18 to 15 SCs
* Space Additions: Arabia, Indian Ocean, Sahara, Terra Incognita (impassable)
* Altered Adjacencies: Damascus @ Indian Ocean (thereby bicoastal), Franconia @ Hesse
* Name Changes: Eastern Mediterranean Sea > Levantine Sea, Western Mediterranean Sea > Barbary Sea, Mid-Atlantic Ocean > Atlantic Ocean, North-Atlantic Ocean > Caledonian Ocean, North Sea > German Sea

'''3.5'''
* Rules Change: England is entitled to 3 DPs each (rather than just 2) for the opening year's spring and fall seasons.
* Space Additions: Black Ruthenia
* Altered Adjacencies: Brest* @ Marseille*

'''3.6'''
* Space Additions: Extremadura, La Mancha
* Altered Adjacencies: Lombardy @ Tyrolia

'''3.7'''
* Rules Change: Victory criterion increased from 15 to 16 SCs
* Altered Adjacencies: Black Ruthenia @ White Ruthenia
* Name Changes: Rhineland-Westphalia > Rhineland, Marseilles > Marseille
* Cosmetic Map Change: Lombardy's borders redrawn so as to include the Free State of Grisons (i.e. the later Swiss canton of Graubünden) instead of a portion of Venetian territory.

'''4.3'''
* Rules Change: HRE-specific rules abolished
* Space Additions: Albania, Bosnia, Styria
* Space Removals: Azerbaijan, Devon (incorporated into London), Illyria, Onega
* Altered Adjacencies: Astrakhan @ Siberia, Moscow @ Severia & White Ruthenia, Novgorod @ Karelia, Permia & Siberia, Belgrade @ Adriatic Sea

'''4.4'''
* Rules Change: France gets 6 DPs, while the other Great Powers receive only 3.
* Altered Adjacencies: Franconia @ Vienna

'''4.6'''
* Space Removals: Styria

'''4.8'''
* Rules Change: Victory criterion increased from 16 to 17 SCs
* New Minor Power: Croatia (i.e promoted to SC/minor power status)
* Space Removals: Gulf of Sirte
* Altered Adjacencies: Bristol @ Ireland

'''4.9'''
* Rules Change: Victory criterion increased from 17 to 18 SCs
* Space Additions: Cornwall

'''5.0'''
* Rules Change: Certain powers have vassals. Their DPs allocated to these are increased by one in value. Once controlled, the vassal's SC serves its overlord as a build site.
* Space Additions: Styria
* Space Removals: Cornwall
* Altered Adjacencies: Bristol no longer borders Ireland

'''5.1'''
* Vassal Status Change: Croatia is considered a Turkish vassal.
* Unit Change: Austria starts with a fleet in Trieste instead of an army.

'''5.4'''
* Space Addition: Gulf of Venice

'''5.5'''
* Altered Adjacencies: Levantine Sea @ Strait of Sicily & Tunis.
* Rules Change: Victory requires not only 18 SCs, but also 2 more SCs than the second-strongest power.

'''5.6'''
* Space Additions: Anhalt, East Frisia, Brunswick
* Space Removal: Lower Saxony

'''5.7'''
* Space Removal: Yorkshire
* Rules Change: A surviving vassal's SCs count for victory purposes towards its suzerain's SC total.
* Rules Change: Minor powers may perform sorties. At least one player needs to spend two DPs on a sortie order for it to be valid.

'''5.8'''
* Vassal Status Change: Ducal Prussia is no longer a Polish vassal. Nor is Savoy a French one anymore.
* Rules Change: France's DP budget is reduced from 6 to 5 DPs.
* Rules Change: The DP bonus increases by one after every three turns.
* Rules Change: -1 DP penalty for each originally owned SC which is foreign-controlled.
* Rules Change: Certain powers have junior allies. Their DPs allocated to these are increased after every three turns by 1 in value.
* Rules Change: HRE minors count towards Austria's victory tally. Austria also receives beginning with Fall 1650 a DP bonus for these.
* Ally Additions: Bavaria, Portugal, Rhineland, Savoy, Transylvania become French allies.
* Build Site Additions: Croatia and Transylvania for Austria, Ducal Prussia and Moldavia for Poland, Crimea and Ukraine for Russia.

'''6.5'''
* Rule Change: Remote Turkestan Rule
* Rule Change: 2 DPs only in one minor power. Rule geared towards limiting France's advantage.
* Rule Change: May no longer allocate DPs to a minor one intends to support an attack against.
* Abolished Rule: "If, during a Spring or Fall turn, a Great Power allocates more DPs to minor powers than it is entitled to, all of that Great Power’s DPs are forfeited for that particular turn."
* Rules Change: Vassals and Allies now effectively operate the same way. Only feature: Increasing DP bonus for patron. No more impact on victory for vassals/allies/imperial subjects.
* Ally Changes: Ukraine Russian instead of Polish, Portugal English instead of French, Croatia no longer Turkish vassal, Savoy no longer French ally, Persia Austrian ally
* Build Site Additions: England - Holland & Morocco, Poland - Wallachia, no longer Ukraine, Lorraine no longer French build site
* Name Change: United Provinces > Holland
* Altered Adjacencies: Gascony @ Paris, Bulgaria @ Hungary, Brunswick not @ Brandenburg
* Space Addition: Silistria

'''Summary v5.8'''

* Since v2.0 a new 39 spaces have been added to the game, while 13 have been removed, i.e. a net addition of 26 spaces (among which are 4 SC provinces). The game now includes 137 spaces. 59 of these are SC provinces.

* As such the map now has a considerably higher buffer-to-SC ratio. It rose from 1.91 to 2.32 (v5.8). Standard Diplomacy clocks in at 2.2. Stephen Agar once recommended remain within the 2.0 to 2.5 range. If you remove Iceland and the Caspian Sea from the equation - both being of very marginal use - 1648 v5.8's ratio falls to 2.29. In other words, the map density is somewhat below Standard's.

= Space Names and Abbreviations =

All spaces on the 1648 map, along with their abbreviations, are listed below. SCs are annotated with an asterisk (*).

<tt>
Abo* Abo
Adriatic Sea ADR
Aegean Sea AEG
Albania Alb
Algiers* Alg

Anhalt Anh
Arabia Ara
Aragon Arg
Arctic Ocean ARC
Armenia Arm

Astrakhan Ast
Atlantic Ocean ATL
Baltic Sea BAL
Barbary Sea BAR
Bavaria* Bav

Bay of Luebeck BOL
Belgrade* Bel
Black Ruthenia BRu
Black Sea BLA
Bohuslan Boh

Bosnia Bos
Brandenburg* Bra
Brest* Bre
Bristol* Bri
Brunswick* Bwk

Bulgaria Bul
Caledonian Ocean CAL
Candia* Cnd
Cantabrian Sea CAN
Caspian Sea CAS

Christiania* Chr
Constantinople* Con
Copenhagen* Cop
Courland* Cou
Cracow* Cra

Crimea* Cri
Croatia* Cro
Dalmatia Dal
Damascus* Dam
Dauphiné Dau

Ducal Prussia* DPr
East Frisia EFr
Egypt Egy
English Channel ENG
Extremadura Ext

Finnmark Fin
Flanders* Fla
Franconia Fra
Gascony Gas
German Sea GER

Greater Poland GPo
Gulf of Bothnia GOB
Gulf of Lion GOL
Gulf of Venice GOV
Helgoland Bight HEL

Hesse Hes
Holland* UPr
Holstein* Hol
Hungary Hun
Iceland Ice

Indian Ocean IND
Ingria Ing
Ionian Sea ION
Ireland* Ire
Irish Sea IRI

Karaman Krm
Karelia Kar
Lake Ladoga LLA
La Mancha LMa
Lapland Lap

Leon Leo
Levantine Sea LEV
Lombardy Lom
London* Lon
Lorraine* Lor

Luxembourg Lux
Madrid* Mad
Marseille* Mar
Mecklenburg* Mec
Mesopotamia Mes

Moldavia* Mol
Morocco* Mor
Moscow* Mos
Naples* Nap
Norwegian Sea NOR

Novgorod* Nov
Papal States* Pap
Paris* Par
Permia Prm
Persia* Per

Picardy Pic
Podolia Pod
Polish Livonia PLi
Portugal* Por
Prague* Pra

Pskov Psk
Riga* Rig
Rhineland-Westphalia* Rhi
Royal Prussia RPr
Sahara Sah

Samogitia Sam
Sardinia Sar
Savoy* Sav
Saxony* Sax
Scania Sca

Scotland* Sco
Severia Svr
Seville* Sev
Siberia Sib
Sicily Sic

Silesia Sil
Skagerrak SKA
Slovakia Slo
Smolensk Smo
Stettin* Ste

Stockholm* Sto
Strait of Sicily SOS
Styria Sty
Swabia* Swa
Switzerland* Swi

Transylvania* Tra
Trieste* Tri
Tunis* Tun
Turkestan* Tur
Tuscany* Tus

Tyrolia Tyr
Tyrrhenian Sea TYS
Ukraine* Ukr
Venice* Ven
Vienna* Vie

Vilna* Vil
Vitebsk Vit
Volhynia Vol
Voronezh* Vor
Wallachia* Wal

Warsaw* War
White Ruthenia WRu

</tt>

1648 v6.5

2016-06-11T17:42:27Z

Charlesf:

[[Category:Variant]]
= Introduction =

1648 is a nine-player Diplomacy variant set in Europe following the Peace of Westphalia, the first adjucated season being Spring 1649.

1648's rules are based upon those of Ambition & Empire, a variant designed by Jeff Kase and Baron Powell. As its most striking departure from Standard Diplomacy, the latter first featured armed neutrals whose actions players may secretly influence by bidding Diplomacy Points (DPs).

Should you be interested in joining or observing a future game, contact [mailto:cfeaux@gmail.com me.]

= Maps =

The map (v6.5) with starting units:

[[Image:1648_65 48_4.gif]]

The map (v6.5) with space abbreviations:

[[Image:1648_65.gif]]

= Rules =

All the rules of standard Diplomacy apply save those noted below:

== Great Powers ==
===Initial Setup===

Austria (HRE): A Prague, F Trieste, A Vienna.
Denmark-Norway: F Christiania, F Copenhagen, A Holstein.
England: F Bristol, F London.
France: F Brest, A Marseilles, A Paris.
Poland-Lithuania: A Cracow, A Vilna, A Warsaw.
Russia (Muscovy): A Moscow, A Novgorod, A Voronezh.
Spain: A Flanders, A Madrid, F Naples, F Seville.
Sweden: A Abo, A Riga, A Stettin, F Stockholm (East Coast).
Turkey (Ottoman Empire): A Belgrade, F Constantinople, A Damascus.

=== Home Supply Centers (HSCs) ===

Austria (HRE): Prague, Trieste, Vienna.
Denmark-Norway: Christiania, Copenhagen, Holstein.
England: Bristol, London.
France: Brest, Marseille, Paris.
Poland-Lithuania: Cracow, Vilna, Warsaw.
Russia (Muscovy): Moscow, Novgorod, Voronezh.
Spain: Madrid, Naples, Seville.
Sweden: Abo, Riga, Stettin, Stockholm.
Turkey (Ottoman Empire): Belgrade, Constantinople, Damascus.

Flanders is not considered a Spanish HSC and therefore does not serve as a Spanish build site.

These great powers may also build (once controlled) in:

Austria (HRE): Croatia, Transylvania.
England: Holland, Ireland, Morocco, Scotland.
Poland-Lithuania: Courland, Ducal Prussia, Moldavia, Wallachia.
Russia (Muscovy): Ukraine, Crimea.

== Minor Powers ==

In addition to the nine Great Powers, there is also a host of "minor powers", which are non-player neutral Supply Centres (SCs) representing the smaller states of Europe, North Africa and the Near East. These include (space names in bold) the following:

* The Regency of '''Algiers''' (an autonomous province of the Ottoman Empire)
* The Electorate of '''Bavaria'''
* The Electorate of '''Brandenburg'''
* The Duchy of '''Brunswick'''
* The Venetian Colony of '''Candia'''
* The Duchy of '''Courland''' (an autonomous fiefdom of Poland-Lithuania)
* Kingdom of '''Croatia''' (representing independent-minded nobles and corsairs)
* The '''Rhineland''' (representing various territories belonging to the Lower-Rhenish, Electoral Rhenish and Lower Saxonian imperial circles)
* The Khanate of '''Crimea''' (a vassal state of the Ottoman Empire that includes the lands of the Crimean and Nagay Tatars)
* '''Holland'''(representing the United Provinces of the Netherlands)
* The Kingdom of '''Ireland'''
* The Duchy of '''Lorraine'''
* '''Mecklenburg''' (representing the Duchies of Mecklenburg)
* The Principality of '''Moldavia'''
* The Sultanate of '''Morocco'''
* The '''Papal States'''
* The Shahdom of '''Persia'''
* The Kingdom of '''Portugal'''
* The Duchy of '''Prussia''' (an autonomous fiefdom of Poland-Lithuania, called "Ducal Prussia" in the game as there's also a "Royal Prussia" space)
* The Duchy of '''Savoy'''
* The Electorate of '''Saxony'''
* The Kingdom of '''Scotland'''
* '''Swabia''' (representing various territories belonging to the Swabian and Upper Rhenish imperial circles)
* The Swiss Confederation ('''Switzerland''')
* The Principality of '''Transylvania'''
* The Regency of '''Tunis''' (an autonomous province of the Ottoman Empire)
* The Khanates of '''Turkestan'''
* The Grand Duchy of '''Tuscany'''
* The Republic of '''Venice'''
* The Cossack Hetmanate of the '''Ukraine'''
* The Principality of '''Wallachia'''

Each minor power, although a "non-player," starts with a unit (unit colour is white). All minor powers start with an army except for the following minors that start with a fleet: Algiers, Candia, Courland, Holland, Morocco, Portugal, Tunis and Venice.

Minor power units prevent a Great Power from simply moving into an empty space and gaining control of the SC. To occupy a minor power SC, a Great Power will need to move in with support. A minor power unit that is forced to retreat is disbanded. If a Great Power does not occupy the minor power SC at the end of a Fall turn, the minor power’s unit is automatically rebuilt in the Winter.

A Great Power controls a minor power SC when one of its units occupies the space after a Fall turn has been played and completed. Once a Great Power gains control of a minor power SC, it can leave the SC vacant and still keep control of it as long as that SC is not occupied by another Great Power at the close of a Fall turn.

Minor power units do nothing but hold in place, unless the unit has been ordered by a Great Power using its Diplomacy Points.

== Diplomacy Points ==

Each Great Power receives a set number of Diplomacy Points (DPs) every Spring and Fall turn. '''France gets 5 DPs, while the other Great Power are allocated 3 DPs each. Deduct 1 DP from a Great Power's DP budget for each SC it originally owned, yet is controlled by another power.'''

During each Spring and Fall turn, each Great Power may allocate DPs to minor powers that still have units on the map. '''A Great Power may only allocate one DP to a given power except for one minor power where an additional DP might be allocated (i.e. two).''' (Design Note: ''This is a departure from the Ambition & Empire rules.'')

'''A Major Power may not allocate any DPs to a minor power SC it intends to attack (or support an attack against) during the current game turn.'''

For each DP allocated, the allocating Great Power submits an order for that particular minor power’s unit. A Great Power may order a minor power to move, hold or support. '''A minor power's unit given a move order (also known as a "sortie") will not actually move. However, the move action may cut support and bounce other units.'''

'''If a minor power unit is given a move order that under Standard rules would result in it moving, the order will result in the unit remaining in its starting territory, but no other unit may retreat or move into the territory the minor successfully attacked. A unit already in the target territory at turn start will not be dislodged.'''

The GM determines how DPs have been allocated. In the event of a conflict, an order for a particular minor power’s unit is followed if it is supported by more DPs than any conflicting order.

'''For a move/sortie order to be considered by the GM when determining which order a minor power will execute, at least one player will have to spend 2 DPs on the move/sortie order in question. Client bonuses (Vassals, Allies and Imperial Principalities) count towards this 2 DP requirement.'''

Unused DPs may not be carried over into the next turn. They are simply lost.

Players are not required to tell each other how they allocated their DPs. Just as with negotiations, players may honour their agreements with other players or not, as they see fit. Only the GM will know how Great Powers have allocated their DPs. DP allocation is not published in the adjudication; only the end results are published.

Example:
<blockquote>
''In Spring 1649, Austria allocates one DP to Swabia to get it to support an Austrian attack on Bavaria. France allocates one DP to Swabia to get it to support a French attack on Lorraine. In support of Austria, Spain allocates one DP to Swabia to get it to support the Austrian attack on Bavaria. Although Austria, France and Spain each allocated one DP to Swabia, the Austrians get the Swabian support because the Spaniards supported the Austrian diplomatic efforts with the Swabians.''</blockquote>

== Clients==

Clients (vassals, (minor power) allies, imperial subjects) bestow certain privileges on their great power patrons:

=== Allies ===

A minor power may be an (junior) ally of a great power (i.e. senior ally).

Benefits of being a minor power's ally:

* '''Any DPs a senior ally allocates to a junior ally are initially boosted by one in value. After every three major seasons (i.e. spring or fall seasons) this bonus increases by one (i.e. the DP bonus rises to 2 for the Fall 1650 season, to 3 for the Spring 1652 season, etc).

These are the respective powers' vassals:

Austria: Persia.
England: Ireland, Portugal, Scotland.
France: Bavaria, Lorraine, Rhineland, Transylvania.
Poland-Lithuania: Courland, Moldavia, Wallachia.
Russia: Ukraine.
Turkey (Ottoman Empire): Algiers, Crimea, Tunis.

Allies which also serve as build-sites for their patron may be considered vassals. This has no impact on the game.

=== Imperial Subjects ===

The Emperor (i.e. Austria) enjoys the following privileges in Holy Roman Empire (HRE) minor powers:

* '''Beginning with Fall 1650, any DPs Austria allocates to an HRE minor are at first boosted by 1 in value. Then, after every three major seasons (i.e. spring or fall) this bonus increases by one (i.e. the DP bonus rises to 2 for Spring 1652, to 3 for the Fall 1653 season, etc).

Following minors belong to the HRE:

* Bavaria
* Brandenburg
* Brunswick
* Lorraine
* Mecklenburg
* Rhineland
* Saxony
* Swabia

Their SC dots are partially marked in grey. HRE SCs initially controlled by great powers are marked the same way, though this has no game effect.

== Victory Conditions ==

As soon as one Great Power controls '''18 SCs''', the game ends immediately and the player representing that Great Power is the winner.

If two Great Powers each gain control of 18 or more SCs at the same time, the player representing the Great Power with the most SCs is considered the winner. If the two Great Powers each control the same number of SCs, the game continues until one player has 18 or more SCs and that player has more SCs than any other player.

Players may terminate the game by mutual agreement before a winner is determined. If this occurs, any decision reached by the players (e.g., concede game to one player, concede game to an alliance) must be accepted unanimously. If the players cannot agree, all players who still have pieces on the board when the game ends share equally in a draw.

== Map Clarifications ==

• Constantinople, Copenhagen, Ingria and Scania are canal provinces and hence fleets located there are not designated as being on any particular coast. Note the Neva river (a thick blue line) runs through Ingria.

• Red arrows indicate that two spaces are adjacent to another.

• Constantinople encompasses Northwestern Anatolia, much of mainland Greece and Thrace as well as the Sea of Marmara. So the space borders the Ionian Sea (among other spaces) to the West.

• Note that the Atlantic and Indian Oceans adjoin. In other words, fleets may "circumnavigate Africa".

• Ducal Prussia and Courland are adjacent, whereas the Baltic Sea and Samogitia are not.

== Civil Disorder (Optional Rule) ==

If a player is lost during the game, the GM is strongly encouraged to find a replacement player for the affected Great Power rather than have it lapse into civil disorder. In the event no replacement player is found and the GM declares the Great Power to be in permanent civil disorder, the following rules apply:

* All units of the Great Power in civil disorder (GPCD) are immediately disbanded.
* All SCs controlled by the GPCD that are unoccupied are immediately considered newly independent minor powers. Minor power army units are built in those minor power spaces.
* All SCs controlled by the GPCD that are occupied by a unit belonging to another Great Power are unaffected. If the occupying Great Power moves its unit out of the GPCD’s SC so that the SC is unoccupied at the conclusion of a Fall turn, a minor power army unit is built there and that SC is considered a newly independent minor power.
* For the remainder of the game, all newly independent minor powers are subject to the provisions of regarding minor powers. In particular, this means the new minor power can be influenced using Diplomacy Points.
* Once a Great Power is declared to be in permanent civil disorder, it may not be played by an active player again.

= Game Notes =

Two detailed articles about the variant may be found in previous DIPLOMACY WORLD issues:

[http://www.diplomacyworld.net/pdf/dw106.pdf First Article]

[http://www.diplomacyworld.net/pdf/dw107.pdf Second Article]

Note that these articles are based on an earlier variant version.

== Brief Introduction to the Major Powers ==

===Austria===
* Emperor Ferdinand III (1637-57)
* Head of Privy Council: Max, Count Trauttmannsdorff (1634-50)

''AUSTRIA is bang in the centre of the map. Lots of growth options (especially HRE, Italy, South-Eastern "Borderlands" minor power cluster), but doesn't really have the prospect of ever establishing a secure edge position.

===Denmark-Norway===
* King Frederick III

''DENMARK-NORWAY is stringed along a North-South Axis. Effectively sandwiched between England and Sweden. Well-positioned to expand southwards into the HRE goodies. But that further stretches DN on that vertical axis. So at some point Denmark will have to consolidate a more compact position by either turning East or West. Position favours a nice mix of fleets and armies.

===Commonwealth of England===
* Oliver Cromwell (Lord Protector, 1653-58)

''ENGLAND starts off smaller than any other power. But in a good position to secure her Celtic backyard and thus gain those extra build sites. A major advantage balancing her modest initial size is that she holds considerable diplomatic trump cards. Danish-Swedish and Franco-Spanish relations have a lot of in-built friction. That's something Cromwell needs to exploit to good effect. Under wise rule, England will often prosper (as in the present game). Intially small, diplomatically favoured, most navally oriented power, island position: Those factors make England very unique.

===France===
* King Louis XIV, the Sun King (1643-1715)
* Chief Minister: Jules Mazarin (1643-61)

''FRANCE enjoys the most compact starting-position of any power. All three initial SCs adjoin. This considerably helps home defence. Louis XIV is well-positioned to secure Lorraine, a potential French build site. Good access to the central minor power cluster. Plus access to the Atlantic sphere. One key question the Sun-King will have to adress is how to deal with Spain - a power which half-encircles "la hexagone". A Franco-Spanish alliance could be very strong. But the temptation for either power to attack the other is also there. Already a sortie by the Brest fleet into the Cantabrian Sea creates considerable difficulties for Spain. Though a move to ENG is also strong and might smother England before Cromwell can consolidate his position. More defensive play might mean bouncing A Flanders in Normandy and thus concentrating on the East for early builds. Successful eastward expansion could bring France into collision course with the Emperor. Indeed seizing the Imperial Crown is possible! But one can also nicely divide the central spoils with Austria: Lorraine, Switzerland and Savoy being within the French sphere, Swabia possibly left as a minor power buffer and Austria taking Saxony-Bavaria-Venice. With such an arrangement extended by France taking Tuscany and Austria the Papal States, the only place where the two spheres immediately touch would be on the Tus-Pap border. A perfectly sustainable arrangement for both, allowing France to focus on other theatres of operations. Or not, if France opts for a continued push eastwards.... I believe France faces lots of interesting challenges and options. Compact, somewhat more land-based than naval orientation, interesting question regarding Spanish "encirclement", Turkey very much a natural ally... Some key facets of France's position.

===Poland-Lithuania===
* King John II Casimir (1648-68)

''POLAND-LITHUANIA is a central power. Key for her is the Russo-Swedish-Polish triangle. I rate Austria and Denmark as natural allies. Good access to minor powers. A whopping three additional potential build sites promises considerable flexibility. Very much a land-based power. Non-contiguous home SCs somewhat complicate home defence. Though Warsaw is the only great power home SC no other rival can threaten within the opening year. So that compensates for Vilna being fairly vulnerable to attack. Relations with Russia are tricky. A bit like Austro-Turkish relations in Standard. Though with Sweden and Turkey on Russia's flanks, there are ways to keep the Czar honest without actually storming the East. Though if doing so, Poland might anchor her position along the map edge.

===Russia (Muscovy)===
* Tsar Alexis (1645-76)

''RUSSIA enjoys an edge position. But it may not feel like one. For, by design, it's nothing like the fairly secure corner position Standard's "witches" can call their own. Russia is best-placed to seize the Crimea. A potential Russian build site. The Polish-Swedish-Russian triangle (or Baltic quadrangle, if you include Denmark in the equation) is a key concern for the Czar. Courland being a point of Polish-Swedish contention presents considerable diplomatic opportunity. Regarding the Sublime Porte, Russia arguably holds the better diplomatic cards in that it can more gravely threaten Turkey than vice versa. Austria and especially Spain might prove very handy allies in a crusading campaign. A more secure edge position beckons following such a campaign. And would make Central Asia (Persia, Turkestan) an undisputed Russian domain. Russia is among the least maritime-oriented powers. But it has immediate access to the Northern Seas, potential access to the Baltic and Black Seas (also Caspian, but that is very much a backwater which very rarely should see any action).

===Spain===
* King Phillip IV (1621-65)

''SPAIN is all over the place! Flanders and Naples are very far removed from Iberia. Of these, Naples is far more important. Indeed, I rate Naples as Spain's most useful home SC. Building an empire in the Central Mediterranean may be key to Spanish success. As for Flanders, it's not even a home SC! So really no prospect of reinforcements there. It's more of a diplomatic pawn than a base for sustained expansion. So A Flanders should best be viewed as being subservient to Spain's wider cause. The Army of Flanders could indeed prove a useful wandering nomad. Spain's fundamentally a Mediterreanean power. She will try to secure the Maghreb for herself and link up Iberia with Naples. Naturally such Mediterranean ambitions impinge on Turkish interests. Spain's nightmare is a Franco-Turkish alliance against her. As such, any attack of hers against either could see the other quickly joining the party. This danger seriously complicates plans for attacking either and means that Spain should adopt a very broad diplomatic outlook, making sure France and Turkey are kept preoccupied in other theatres of operations. Spain, yet more than other powers, needs to play the whole board! Spanish summary: Far-flung domains, four initial units, threat of Franco-Turkish alliance, generally naval orientation, needs to play the "whole board" yet more than others, generally perceived as strong and as such probably often at a disadvantage in DP contests, can consolidate a powerful Mediterranean corner position.

===Sweden===
* Queen Christine (1632-54)

''SWEDEN shares two characteristics with Spain: Both have four non-contiguous initial SCs. Though these are all arrayed around the Baltic. As such, turning the Baltic into a Swedish lake should be a priority. Denmark most immediately poses a threat to such Baltic hegemony, but so might Russia and Poland further down the road. As for expansion at the expense of minor powers, Stockholm might not have the easiest time of it. In Northern Germany, Sweden has the first claim to Brandenburg, but beyond that SC, it'd be stepping on other powers' toes. Indeed, the HRE might be described as a dangerous pool of sharks. Especially the two Scandinavians' spheres of interest tend to overlap there. As for the Baltic SC cluster (Ducal Prussia, Courland), expansion there poses potential difficulties with Poland. In brief: Sweden may be envied by others for starting off with four units. But in all likelihood with have to work harder for her first gains! Indeed, such are those difficulties that Sweden may be among those powers most ready to immediately invade another great power. The position thus encourages early aggressive play as befits Vasa warrior-kings!

===Turkey===
* Sultan Mehmed IV, the Hunter (1648-87
* Regent: Kösem Sultan
* Grand Vizier: Sofu Mehmed Pasha (1648-49)

''TURKEY might consider itself a corner power. But that corner is initially very vulnerable. Her neighbours have good reason not to let her consolidate that corner position. To the West, the two Habsburg powers are natural allies. They could very effectively pool DPs. The Venetians on Crete could thus help the Spaniards storm Constantinople. Or the Wallachians ease the Austrians' path into Belgrade. And then there's the Czar... Any move by the Czar into Armenia will cause the Sultan fits! So while Turkey benefits from plenty of growth options around her, I'd say no other power is as vulnerable to a devastating opening attack. If the Sultan overcomes that initial vulnerability, then much can be made of that position. Armies and fleets may well play an equal role in Turkish plans. Perhaps moreso than any other power. Diplomatically speaking, France is very much a natural ally. And Spain arguably the most dangerous foe. The Med may often amount to an expensive Turkish-Spanish zero-sum contest and may often be Turkey's primary theatre of operations.
''

== Version Changelog since v2.0==

* Asterisk = SC province
* @ = adjacent to
* > = renamed

'''2.1'''
* Space Additions: Karelia, Persia*, Polotsk, Trondheim, Tunis*, Urals
* Space Removals: Archangel, Foix, Lancashire, Lyon*, Smolensk
* Altered Adjacencies: Constantinope* @ Belgrade*/Illyria, Leon @ Gascony/Aragon, Novgorod* @ Norwegian Sea, Seville @ Morocco, Voronezh @ Armenia/Persia*
* Name Change: Vitebsk > Smolensk

'''2.2'''
* Space Additions: Caspian Sea, Mesopotamia, Sardinia
* Altered Adjacencies: Astrakhan @ Persia*

'''2.3'''
* Altered Adjacencies: Christiania* @ Lapland
* Name Changes: Trondheim > Northern Norway

'''2.5'''
* Space Additions: Azerbaijan, Candia*, Permia, Turkestan*
* Altered Adjacencies: Norwegian Sea @ Karelia, Novgorod*, Permia
* Name Change: Urals > Siberia

'''2.8'''
* Space Additions: Hesse, Lower Saxony*

'''2.9'''
* Space Additions: Cantabrian Sea, Sicily
* Altered Adjacencies: Flanders* @ North Sea, Bavaria* @ Saxony*

'''3.0'''
* Space Addition: Lake Ladoga

'''3.1'''
* Space Additions: Gulf of Sidra, Luxembourg, Strait of Sicily
* Altered Adjacencies: Lombardy @ Papal States*, Paris @ Luxembourg

'''3.2'''
* Space Additions: Franconia, Royal Prussia
* Altered Adjacencies: Armenia @ Karaman
* Name Changes: Normandy > Picardy, Prussia > Ducal Prussia

'''3.3'''
* Space Additions: Onega, Smolensk
* Altered Adjacencies: Moscow* @ Norwegian Sea/Permia
* Name Changes: Polotsk > Polish Livonia, Smolensk (old space) > Vitebsk

'''3.4'''
* Rules Change: Victory criterion lowered from 18 to 15 SCs
* Space Additions: Arabia, Indian Ocean, Sahara, Terra Incognita (impassable)
* Altered Adjacencies: Damascus @ Indian Ocean (thereby bicoastal), Franconia @ Hesse
* Name Changes: Eastern Mediterranean Sea > Levantine Sea, Western Mediterranean Sea > Barbary Sea, Mid-Atlantic Ocean > Atlantic Ocean, North-Atlantic Ocean > Caledonian Ocean, North Sea > German Sea

'''3.5'''
* Rules Change: England is entitled to 3 DPs each (rather than just 2) for the opening year's spring and fall seasons.
* Space Additions: Black Ruthenia
* Altered Adjacencies: Brest* @ Marseille*

'''3.6'''
* Space Additions: Extremadura, La Mancha
* Altered Adjacencies: Lombardy @ Tyrolia

'''3.7'''
* Rules Change: Victory criterion increased from 15 to 16 SCs
* Altered Adjacencies: Black Ruthenia @ White Ruthenia
* Name Changes: Rhineland-Westphalia > Rhineland, Marseilles > Marseille
* Cosmetic Map Change: Lombardy's borders redrawn so as to include the Free State of Grisons (i.e. the later Swiss canton of Graubünden) instead of a portion of Venetian territory.

'''4.3'''
* Rules Change: HRE-specific rules abolished
* Space Additions: Albania, Bosnia, Styria
* Space Removals: Azerbaijan, Devon (incorporated into London), Illyria, Onega
* Altered Adjacencies: Astrakhan @ Siberia, Moscow @ Severia & White Ruthenia, Novgorod @ Karelia, Permia & Siberia, Belgrade @ Adriatic Sea

'''4.4'''
* Rules Change: France gets 6 DPs, while the other Great Powers receive only 3.
* Altered Adjacencies: Franconia @ Vienna

'''4.6'''
* Space Removals: Styria

'''4.8'''
* Rules Change: Victory criterion increased from 16 to 17 SCs
* New Minor Power: Croatia (i.e promoted to SC/minor power status)
* Space Removals: Gulf of Sirte
* Altered Adjacencies: Bristol @ Ireland

'''4.9'''
* Rules Change: Victory criterion increased from 17 to 18 SCs
* Space Additions: Cornwall

'''5.0'''
* Rules Change: Certain powers have vassals. Their DPs allocated to these are increased by one in value. Once controlled, the vassal's SC serves its overlord as a build site.
* Space Additions: Styria
* Space Removals: Cornwall
* Altered Adjacencies: Bristol no longer borders Ireland

'''5.1'''
* Vassal Status Change: Croatia is considered a Turkish vassal.
* Unit Change: Austria starts with a fleet in Trieste instead of an army.

'''5.4'''
* Space Addition: Gulf of Venice

'''5.5'''
* Altered Adjacencies: Levantine Sea @ Strait of Sicily & Tunis.
* Rules Change: Victory requires not only 18 SCs, but also 2 more SCs than the second-strongest power.

'''5.6'''
* Space Additions: Anhalt, East Frisia, Brunswick
* Space Removal: Lower Saxony

'''5.7'''
* Space Removal: Yorkshire
* Rules Change: A surviving vassal's SCs count for victory purposes towards its suzerain's SC total.
* Rules Change: Minor powers may perform sorties. At least one player needs to spend two DPs on a sortie order for it to be valid.

'''5.8'''
* Vassal Status Change: Ducal Prussia is no longer a Polish vassal. Nor is Savoy a French one anymore.
* Rules Change: France's DP budget is reduced from 6 to 5 DPs.
* Rules Change: The DP bonus increases by one after every three turns.
* Rules Change: -1 DP penalty for each originally owned SC which is foreign-controlled.
* Rules Change: Certain powers have junior allies. Their DPs allocated to these are increased after every three turns by 1 in value.
* Rules Change: HRE minors count towards Austria's victory tally. Austria also receives beginning with Fall 1650 a DP bonus for these.
* Ally Additions: Bavaria, Portugal, Rhineland, Savoy, Transylvania become French allies.
* Build Site Additions: Croatia and Transylvania for Austria, Ducal Prussia and Moldavia for Poland, Crimea and Ukraine for Russia.

'''6.5'''
* Rule Change: Remote Turkestan Rule
* Rule Change: 2 DPs only in one minor power. Rule geared towards limiting France's advantage.
* Rule Change: May no longer allocate DPs to a minor one intends to support an attack against.
* Abolished Rule: "If, during a Spring or Fall turn, a Great Power allocates more DPs to minor powers than it is entitled to, all of that Great Power’s DPs are forfeited for that particular turn."
* Rules Change: Vassals and Allies now effectively operate the same way. Only feature: Increasing DP bonus for patron. No more impact on victory for vassals/allies/imperial subjects.
* Ally Changes: Ukraine Russian instead of Polish, Portugal English instead of French, Croatia no longer Turkish vassal, Savoy no longer French ally, Persia Austrian ally
* Build Site Additions: England - Holland & Morocco, Poland - Wallachia, no longer Ukraine, Lorraine no longer French build site
* Name Change: United Provinces > Holland
* Altered Adjacencies: Gascony @ Paris, Bulgaria @ Hungary, Brunswick not @ Brandenburg
* Space Addition: Silistria

'''Summary v5.8'''

* Since v2.0 a new 39 spaces have been added to the game, while 13 have been removed, i.e. a net addition of 26 spaces (among which are 4 SC provinces). The game now includes 137 spaces. 59 of these are SC provinces.

* As such the map now has a considerably higher buffer-to-SC ratio. It rose from 1.91 to 2.32 (v5.8). Standard Diplomacy clocks in at 2.2. Stephen Agar once recommended remain within the 2.0 to 2.5 range. If you remove Iceland and the Caspian Sea from the equation - both being of very marginal use - 1648 v5.8's ratio falls to 2.29. In other words, the map density is somewhat below Standard's.

= Space Names and Abbreviations =

All spaces on the 1648 map, along with their abbreviations, are listed below. SCs are annotated with an asterisk (*).

<tt>
Abo* Abo
Adriatic Sea ADR
Aegean Sea AEG
Albania Alb
Algiers* Alg

Anhalt Anh
Arabia Ara
Aragon Arg
Arctic Ocean ARC
Armenia Arm

Astrakhan Ast
Atlantic Ocean ATL
Baltic Sea BAL
Barbary Sea BAR
Bavaria* Bav

Bay of Luebeck BOL
Belgrade* Bel
Black Ruthenia BRu
Black Sea BLA
Bohuslan Boh

Bosnia Bos
Brandenburg* Bra
Brest* Bre
Bristol* Bri
Brunswick* Bwk

Bulgaria Bul
Caledonian Ocean CAL
Candia* Cnd
Cantabrian Sea CAN
Caspian Sea CAS

Christiania* Chr
Constantinople* Con
Copenhagen* Cop
Courland* Cou
Cracow* Cra

Crimea* Cri
Croatia* Cro
Dalmatia Dal
Damascus* Dam
Dauphiné Dau

Ducal Prussia* DPr
East Frisia EFr
Egypt Egy
English Channel ENG
Extremadura Ext

Finnmark Fin
Flanders* Fla
Franconia Fra
Gascony Gas
German Sea GER

Greater Poland GPo
Gulf of Bothnia GOB
Gulf of Lion GOL
Gulf of Venice GOV
Helgoland Bight HEL

Hesse Hes
Holland* UPr
Holstein* Hol
Hungary Hun
Iceland Ice

Indian Ocean IND
Ingria Ing
Ionian Sea ION
Ireland* Ire
Irish Sea IRI

Karaman Krm
Karelia Kar
Lake Ladoga LLA
La Mancha LMa
Lapland Lap

Leon Leo
Levantine Sea LEV
Lombardy Lom
London* Lon
Lorraine* Lor

Luxembourg Lux
Madrid* Mad
Marseille* Mar
Mecklenburg* Mec
Mesopotamia Mes

Moldavia* Mol
Morocco* Mor
Moscow* Mos
Naples* Nap
Norwegian Sea NOR

Novgorod* Nov
Papal States* Pap
Paris* Par
Permia Prm
Persia* Per

Picardy Pic
Podolia Pod
Polish Livonia PLi
Portugal* Por
Prague* Pra

Pskov Psk
Riga* Rig
Rhineland-Westphalia* Rhi
Royal Prussia RPr
Sahara Sah

Samogitia Sam
Sardinia Sar
Savoy* Sav
Saxony* Sax
Scania Sca

Scotland* Sco
Severia Svr
Seville* Sev
Siberia Sib
Sicily Sic

Silesia Sil
Skagerrak SKA
Slovakia Slo
Smolensk Smo
Stettin* Ste

Stockholm* Sto
Strait of Sicily SOS
Styria Sty
Swabia* Swa
Switzerland* Swi

Transylvania* Tra
Trieste* Tri
Tunis* Tun
Turkestan* Tur
Tuscany* Tus

Tyrolia Tyr
Tyrrhenian Sea TYS
Ukraine* Ukr
Venice* Ven
Vienna* Vie

Vilna* Vil
Vitebsk Vit
Volhynia Vol
Voronezh* Vor
Wallachia* Wal

Warsaw* War
White Ruthenia WRu

</tt>

1648 v6.5

2016-06-11T16:55:00Z

[[Category:Variant]]
= Introduction =

1648 is a nine-player Diplomacy variant set in Europe following the Peace of Westphalia, the first adjucated season being Spring 1649.

1648's rules are based upon those of Ambition & Empire, a variant designed by Jeff Kase and Baron Powell. As its most striking departure from Standard Diplomacy, the latter first featured armed neutrals whose actions players may secretly influence by bidding Diplomacy Points (DPs).

Should you be interested in joining or observing a future game, contact [mailto:cfeaux@gmail.com me.]

= Maps =

The map (v6.5) with starting units:

[[Image:1648_65 48_4.gif]]

The map (v6.5) with space abbreviations:

[[Image:1648_65.gif]]

= Rules =

All the rules of standard Diplomacy apply save those noted below:

== Great Powers ==
===Initial Setup===

Austria (HRE): A Prague, F Trieste, A Vienna.
Denmark-Norway: F Christiania, F Copenhagen, A Holstein.
England: F Bristol, F London.
France: F Brest, A Marseilles, A Paris.
Poland-Lithuania: A Cracow, A Vilna, A Warsaw.
Russia (Muscovy): A Moscow, A Novgorod, A Voronezh.
Spain: A Flanders, A Madrid, F Naples, F Seville.
Sweden: A Abo, A Riga, A Stettin, F Stockholm (East Coast).
Turkey (Ottoman Empire): A Belgrade, F Constantinople, A Damascus.

=== Home Supply Centers (HSCs) ===

Austria (HRE): Prague, Trieste, Vienna.
Denmark-Norway: Christiania, Copenhagen, Holstein.
England: Bristol, London.
France: Brest, Marseille, Paris.
Poland-Lithuania: Cracow, Vilna, Warsaw.
Russia (Muscovy): Moscow, Novgorod, Voronezh.
Spain: Madrid, Naples, Seville.
Sweden: Abo, Riga, Stettin, Stockholm.
Turkey (Ottoman Empire): Belgrade, Constantinople, Damascus.

Flanders is not considered a Spanish HSC and therefore does not serve as a Spanish build site.

These great powers may also build (once controlled) in:

Austria (HRE): Croatia, Transylvania.
England: Holland, Ireland, Morocco, Scotland.
Poland-Lithuania: Courland, Ducal Prussia, Moldavia, Wallachia.
Russia (Muscovy): Ukraine, Crimea.

== Minor Powers ==

In addition to the nine Great Powers, there is also a host of "minor powers", which are non-player neutral Supply Centres (SCs) representing the smaller states of Europe, North Africa and the Near East. These include (space names in bold) the following:

* The Regency of '''Algiers''' (an autonomous province of the Ottoman Empire)
* The Electorate of '''Bavaria'''
* The Electorate of '''Brandenburg'''
* The Duchy of '''Brunswick'''
* The Venetian Colony of '''Candia'''
* The Duchy of '''Courland''' (an autonomous fiefdom of Poland-Lithuania)
* Kingdom of '''Croatia''' (representing independent-minded nobles and corsairs)
* The '''Rhineland''' (representing various territories belonging to the Lower-Rhenish, Electoral Rhenish and Lower Saxonian imperial circles)
* The Khanate of '''Crimea''' (a vassal state of the Ottoman Empire that includes the lands of the Crimean and Nagay Tatars)
* '''Holland'''(representing the United Provinces of the Netherlands)
* The Kingdom of '''Ireland'''
* The Duchy of '''Lorraine'''
* '''Mecklenburg''' (representing the Duchies of Mecklenburg)
* The Principality of '''Moldavia'''
* The Sultanate of '''Morocco'''
* The '''Papal States'''
* The Shahdom of '''Persia'''
* The Kingdom of '''Portugal'''
* The Duchy of '''Prussia''' (an autonomous fiefdom of Poland-Lithuania, called "Ducal Prussia" in the game as there's also a "Royal Prussia" space)
* The Duchy of '''Savoy'''
* The Electorate of '''Saxony'''
* The Kingdom of '''Scotland'''
* '''Swabia''' (representing various territories belonging to the Swabian and Upper Rhenish imperial circles)
* The Swiss Confederation ('''Switzerland''')
* The Principality of '''Transylvania'''
* The Regency of '''Tunis''' (an autonomous province of the Ottoman Empire)
* The Khanates of '''Turkestan'''
* The Grand Duchy of '''Tuscany'''
* The Republic of '''Venice'''
* The Cossack Hetmanate of the '''Ukraine'''
* The Principality of '''Wallachia'''

Each minor power, although a "non-player," starts with a unit (unit colour is white). All minor powers start with an army except for the following minors that start with a fleet: Algiers, Candia, Courland, Holland, Morocco, Portugal, Tunis and Venice.

Minor power units prevent a Great Power from simply moving into an empty space and gaining control of the SC. To occupy a minor power SC, a Great Power will need to move in with support. A minor power unit that is forced to retreat is disbanded. If a Great Power does not occupy the minor power SC at the end of a Fall turn, the minor power’s unit is automatically rebuilt in the Winter.

A Great Power controls a minor power SC when one of its units occupies the space after a Fall turn has been played and completed. Once a Great Power gains control of a minor power SC, it can leave the SC vacant and still keep control of it as long as that SC is not occupied by another Great Power at the close of a Fall turn.

Minor power units do nothing but hold in place, unless the unit has been ordered by a Great Power using its Diplomacy Points.

== Diplomacy Points ==

Each Great Power receives a set number of Diplomacy Points (DPs) every Spring and Fall turn. '''France gets 5 DPs, while the other Great Power are allocated 3 DPs each. Deduct 1 DP from a Great Power's DP budget for each SC it originally owned, yet is controlled by another power.'''

During each Spring and Fall turn, each Great Power may allocate DPs to minor powers that still have units on the map. '''A Great Power may only allocate one DP to a given power except for one minor power where an additional DP might be allocated (i.e. two).''' (Design Note: ''This is a departure from the Ambition & Empire rules.'')

'''A Major Power may not allocate any DPs to a minor power SC it intends to attack (or support an attack against) during the current game turn.'''

For each DP allocated, the allocating Great Power submits an order for that particular minor power’s unit. A Great Power may order a minor power to move, hold or support. '''A minor power's unit given a move order (also known as a "sortie") will not actually move. However, the move action may cut support and bounce other units.'''

'''If a minor power unit is given a move order that under Standard rules would result in it moving, the order will result in the unit remaining in its starting territory, but no other unit may retreat or move into the territory the minor successfully attacked. A unit already in the target territory at turn start will not be dislodged.'''

The GM determines how DPs have been allocated. In the event of a conflict, an order for a particular minor power’s unit is followed if it is supported by more DPs than any conflicting order.

'''For a move/sortie order to be considered by the GM when determining which order a minor power will execute, at least one player will have to spend 2 DPs on the move/sortie order in question. Client bonuses (Vassals, Allies and Imperial Principalities) count towards this 2 DP requirement.'''

Unused DPs may not be carried over into the next turn. They are simply lost.

Players are not required to tell each other how they allocated their DPs. Just as with negotiations, players may honour their agreements with other players or not, as they see fit. Only the GM will know how Great Powers have allocated their DPs. DP allocation is not published in the adjudication; only the end results are published.

Example:
<blockquote>
''In Spring 1649, Austria allocates one DP to Swabia to get it to support an Austrian attack on Bavaria. France allocates one DP to Swabia to get it to support a French attack on Lorraine. In support of Austria, Spain allocates one DP to Swabia to get it to support the Austrian attack on Bavaria. Although Austria, France and Spain each allocated one DP to Swabia, the Austrians get the Swabian support because the Spaniards supported the Austrian diplomatic efforts with the Swabians.''</blockquote>

== Clients==

Clients (vassals, (minor power) allies, imperial subjects) bestow certain privileges on their great power patrons:

=== Allies ===

A minor power may be an (junior) ally of a great power (i.e. senior ally).

Benefits of being a minor power's ally:

* '''Any DPs a senior ally allocates to a junior ally are initially boosted by one in value. After every three major seasons (i.e. spring or fall seasons) this bonus increases by one (i.e. the DP bonus rises to 2 for the Fall 1650 season, to 3 for the Spring 1652 season, etc).

These are the respective powers' vassals:

Austria: Persia.
England: Ireland, Portugal, Scotland.
France: Bavaria, Lorraine, Rhineland, Transylvania.
Poland-Lithuania: Courland, Moldavia, Wallachia.
Russia: Ukraine.
Turkey (Ottoman Empire): Algiers, Crimea, Tunis.

Allies which also serve as build-sites for their patron may be considered vassals. This has no impact on the game.

=== Imperial Subjects ===

The Emperor (i.e. Austria) enjoys the following privileges in Holy Roman Empire (HRE) minor powers:

* '''Beginning with Fall 1650, any DPs Austria allocates to an HRE minor are at first boosted by 1 in value. Then, after every three major seasons (i.e. spring or fall) this bonus increases by one (i.e. the DP bonus rises to 2 for Spring 1652, to 3 for the Fall 1653 season, etc).

Following minors belong to the HRE:

* Bavaria
* Brandenburg
* Brunswick
* Lorraine
* Mecklenburg
* Rhineland
* Saxony
* Swabia

Their SC dots are partially marked in grey. HRE SCs initially controlled by great powers are marked the same way, though this has no game effect.

== Victory Conditions ==

As soon as one Great Power controls '''18 SCs''', the game ends immediately and the player representing that Great Power is the winner.

If two Great Powers each gain control of 18 or more SCs at the same time, the player representing the Great Power with the most SCs is considered the winner. If the two Great Powers each control the same number of SCs, the game continues until one player has 18 or more SCs and that player has more SCs than any other player.

Players may terminate the game by mutual agreement before a winner is determined. If this occurs, any decision reached by the players (e.g., concede game to one player, concede game to an alliance) must be accepted unanimously. If the players cannot agree, all players who still have pieces on the board when the game ends share equally in a draw.

== Map Clarifications ==

• Constantinople, Copenhagen, Ingria and Scania are canal provinces and hence fleets located there are not designated as being on any particular coast. Note the Neva river (a thick blue line) runs through Ingria.

• Red arrows indicate that two spaces are adjacent to another.

• Constantinople encompasses Northwestern Anatolia, much of mainland Greece and Thrace as well as the Sea of Marmara. So the space borders the Ionian Sea (among other spaces) to the West.

• Note that the Atlantic and Indian Oceans adjoin. In other words, fleets may "circumnavigate Africa".

• Ducal Prussia and Courland are adjacent, whereas the Baltic Sea and Samogitia are not.

== Civil Disorder (Optional Rule) ==

If a player is lost during the game, the GM is strongly encouraged to find a replacement player for the affected Great Power rather than have it lapse into civil disorder. In the event no replacement player is found and the GM declares the Great Power to be in permanent civil disorder, the following rules apply:

* All units of the Great Power in civil disorder (GPCD) are immediately disbanded.
* All SCs controlled by the GPCD that are unoccupied are immediately considered newly independent minor powers. Minor power army units are built in those minor power spaces.
* All SCs controlled by the GPCD that are occupied by a unit belonging to another Great Power are unaffected. If the occupying Great Power moves its unit out of the GPCD’s SC so that the SC is unoccupied at the conclusion of a Fall turn, a minor power army unit is built there and that SC is considered a newly independent minor power.
* For the remainder of the game, all newly independent minor powers are subject to the provisions of regarding minor powers. In particular, this means the new minor power can be influenced using Diplomacy Points.
* Once a Great Power is declared to be in permanent civil disorder, it may not be played by an active player again.

= Game Notes =

Two detailed articles about the variant may be found in previous DIPLOMACY WORLD issues:

[http://www.diplomacyworld.net/pdf/dw106.pdf First Article]

[http://www.diplomacyworld.net/pdf/dw107.pdf Second Article]

Note that these articles are based on an earlier variant version.

== Brief Introduction to the Major Powers ==

===Austria===
* Emperor Ferdinand III (1637-57)
* Head of Privy Council: Max, Count Trauttmannsdorff (1634-50)

''AUSTRIA is bang in the centre of the map. Lots of growth options (especially HRE, Italy, South-Eastern "Borderlands" minor power cluster), but doesn't really have the prospect of ever establishing a secure edge position.

===Denmark-Norway===
* King Frederick III

''DENMARK-NORWAY is stringed along a North-South Axis. Effectively sandwiched between England and Sweden. Well-positioned to expand southwards into the HRE goodies. But that further stretches DN on that vertical axis. So at some point Denmark will have to consolidate a more compact position by either turning East or West. Position favours a nice mix of fleets and armies.

===Commonwealth of England===
* Oliver Cromwell (Lord Protector, 1653-58)

''ENGLAND starts off smaller than any other power. But in a good position to secure her Celtic backyard and thus gain those extra build sites. A major advantage balancing her modest initial size is that she holds considerable diplomatic trump cards. Danish-Swedish and Franco-Spanish relations have a lot of in-built friction. That's something Cromwell needs to exploit to good effect. Under wise rule, England will often prosper (as in the present game). Intially small, diplomatically favoured, most navally oriented power, island position: Those factors make England very unique.

===France===
* King Louis XIV, the Sun King (1643-1715)
* Chief Minister: Jules Mazarin (1643-61)

''FRANCE enjoys the most compact starting-position of any power. All three initial SCs adjoin. This considerably helps home defence. Louis XIV is well-positioned to secure Lorraine, a potential French build site. Good access to the central minor power cluster. Plus access to the Atlantic sphere. One key question the Sun-King will have to adress is how to deal with Spain - a power which half-encircles "la hexagone". A Franco-Spanish alliance could be very strong. But the temptation for either power to attack the other is also there. Already a sortie by the Brest fleet into the Cantabrian Sea creates considerable difficulties for Spain. Though a move to ENG is also strong and might smother England before Cromwell can consolidate his position. More defensive play might mean bouncing A Flanders in Normandy and thus concentrating on the East for early builds. Successful eastward expansion could bring France into collision course with the Emperor. Indeed seizing the Imperial Crown is possible! But one can also nicely divide the central spoils with Austria: Lorraine, Switzerland and Savoy being within the French sphere, Swabia possibly left as a minor power buffer and Austria taking Saxony-Bavaria-Venice. With such an arrangement extended by France taking Tuscany and Austria the Papal States, the only place where the two spheres immediately touch would be on the Tus-Pap border. A perfectly sustainable arrangement for both, allowing France to focus on other theatres of operations. Or not, if France opts for a continued push eastwards.... I believe France faces lots of interesting challenges and options. Compact, somewhat more land-based than naval orientation, interesting question regarding Spanish "encirclement", Turkey very much a natural ally... Some key facets of France's position.

===Poland-Lithuania===
* King John II Casimir (1648-68)

''POLAND-LITHUANIA is a central power. Key for her is the Russo-Swedish-Polish triangle. I rate Austria and Denmark as natural allies. Good access to minor powers. A whopping three additional potential build sites promises considerable flexibility. Very much a land-based power. Non-contiguous home SCs somewhat complicate home defence. Though Warsaw is the only great power home SC no other rival can threaten within the opening year. So that compensates for Vilna being fairly vulnerable to attack. Relations with Russia are tricky. A bit like Austro-Turkish relations in Standard. Though with Sweden and Turkey on Russia's flanks, there are ways to keep the Czar honest without actually storming the East. Though if doing so, Poland might anchor her position along the map edge.

===Russia (Muscovy)===
* Tsar Alexis (1645-76)

''RUSSIA enjoys an edge position. But it may not feel like one. For, by design, it's nothing like the fairly secure corner position Standard's "witches" can call their own. Russia is best-placed to seize the Crimea. A potential Russian build site. The Polish-Swedish-Russian triangle (or Baltic quadrangle, if you include Denmark in the equation) is a key concern for the Czar. Courland being a point of Polish-Swedish contention presents considerable diplomatic opportunity. Regarding the Sublime Porte, Russia arguably holds the better diplomatic cards in that it can more gravely threaten Turkey than vice versa. Austria and especially Spain might prove very handy allies in a crusading campaign. A more secure edge position beckons following such a campaign. And would make Central Asia (Persia, Turkestan) an undisputed Russian domain. Russia is among the least maritime-oriented powers. But it has immediate access to the Northern Seas, potential access to the Baltic and Black Seas (also Caspian, but that is very much a backwater which very rarely should see any action).

===Spain===
* King Phillip IV (1621-65)

''SPAIN is all over the place! Flanders and Naples are very far removed from Iberia. Of these, Naples is far more important. Indeed, I rate Naples as Spain's most useful home SC. Building an empire in the Central Mediterranean may be key to Spanish success. As for Flanders, it's not even a home SC! So really no prospect of reinforcements there. It's more of a diplomatic pawn than a base for sustained expansion. So A Flanders should best be viewed as being subservient to Spain's wider cause. The Army of Flanders could indeed prove a useful wandering nomad. Spain's fundamentally a Mediterreanean power. She will try to secure the Maghreb for herself and link up Iberia with Naples. Naturally such Mediterranean ambitions impinge on Turkish interests. Spain's nightmare is a Franco-Turkish alliance against her. As such, any attack of hers against either could see the other quickly joining the party. This danger seriously complicates plans for attacking either and means that Spain should adopt a very broad diplomatic outlook, making sure France and Turkey are kept preoccupied in other theatres of operations. Spain, yet more than other powers, needs to play the whole board! Spanish summary: Far-flung domains, four initial units, threat of Franco-Turkish alliance, generally naval orientation, needs to play the "whole board" yet more than others, generally perceived as strong and as such probably often at a disadvantage in DP contests, can consolidate a powerful Mediterranean corner position.

===Sweden===
* Queen Christine (1632-54)

''SWEDEN shares two characteristics with Spain: Both have four non-contiguous initial SCs. Though these are all arrayed around the Baltic. As such, turning the Baltic into a Swedish lake should be a priority. Denmark most immediately poses a threat to such Baltic hegemony, but so might Russia and Poland further down the road. As for expansion at the expense of minor powers, Stockholm might not have the easiest time of it. In Northern Germany, Sweden has the first claim to Brandenburg, but beyond that SC, it'd be stepping on other powers' toes. Indeed, the HRE might be described as a dangerous pool of sharks. Especially the two Scandinavians' spheres of interest tend to overlap there. As for the Baltic SC cluster (Ducal Prussia, Courland), expansion there poses potential difficulties with Poland. In brief: Sweden may be envied by others for starting off with four units. But in all likelihood with have to work harder for her first gains! Indeed, such are those difficulties that Sweden may be among those powers most ready to immediately invade another great power. The position thus encourages early aggressive play as befits Vasa warrior-kings!

===Turkey===
* Sultan Mehmed IV, the Hunter (1648-87
* Regent: Kösem Sultan
* Grand Vizier: Sofu Mehmed Pasha (1648-49)

''TURKEY might consider itself a corner power. But that corner is initially very vulnerable. Her neighbours have good reason not to let her consolidate that corner position. To the West, the two Habsburg powers are natural allies. They could very effectively pool DPs. The Venetians on Crete could thus help the Spaniards storm Constantinople. Or the Wallachians ease the Austrians' path into Belgrade. And then there's the Czar... Any move by the Czar into Armenia will cause the Sultan fits! So while Turkey benefits from plenty of growth options around her, I'd say no other power is as vulnerable to a devastating opening attack. If the Sultan overcomes that initial vulnerability, then much can be made of that position. Armies and fleets may well play an equal role in Turkish plans. Perhaps moreso than any other power. Diplomatically speaking, France is very much a natural ally. And Spain arguably the most dangerous foe. The Med may often amount to an expensive Turkish-Spanish zero-sum contest and may often be Turkey's primary theatre of operations.
''

== Version Changelog since v2.0==

* Asterisk = SC province
* @ = adjacent to
* > = renamed

'''2.1'''
* Space Additions: Karelia, Persia*, Polotsk, Trondheim, Tunis*, Urals
* Space Removals: Archangel, Foix, Lancashire, Lyon*, Smolensk
* Altered Adjacencies: Constantinope* @ Belgrade*/Illyria, Leon @ Gascony/Aragon, Novgorod* @ Norwegian Sea, Seville @ Morocco, Voronezh @ Armenia/Persia*
* Name Change: Vitebsk > Smolensk

'''2.2'''
* Space Additions: Caspian Sea, Mesopotamia, Sardinia
* Altered Adjacencies: Astrakhan @ Persia*

'''2.3'''
* Altered Adjacencies: Christiania* @ Lapland
* Name Changes: Trondheim > Northern Norway

'''2.5'''
* Space Additions: Azerbaijan, Candia*, Permia, Turkestan*
* Altered Adjacencies: Norwegian Sea @ Karelia, Novgorod*, Permia
* Name Change: Urals > Siberia

'''2.8'''
* Space Additions: Hesse, Lower Saxony*

'''2.9'''
* Space Additions: Cantabrian Sea, Sicily
* Altered Adjacencies: Flanders* @ North Sea, Bavaria* @ Saxony*

'''3.0'''
* Space Addition: Lake Ladoga

'''3.1'''
* Space Additions: Gulf of Sidra, Luxembourg, Strait of Sicily
* Altered Adjacencies: Lombardy @ Papal States*, Paris @ Luxembourg

'''3.2'''
* Space Additions: Franconia, Royal Prussia
* Altered Adjacencies: Armenia @ Karaman
* Name Changes: Normandy > Picardy, Prussia > Ducal Prussia

'''3.3'''
* Space Additions: Onega, Smolensk
* Altered Adjacencies: Moscow* @ Norwegian Sea/Permia
* Name Changes: Polotsk > Polish Livonia, Smolensk (old space) > Vitebsk

'''3.4'''
* Rules Change: Victory criterion lowered from 18 to 15 SCs
* Space Additions: Arabia, Indian Ocean, Sahara, Terra Incognita (impassable)
* Altered Adjacencies: Damascus @ Indian Ocean (thereby bicoastal), Franconia @ Hesse
* Name Changes: Eastern Mediterranean Sea > Levantine Sea, Western Mediterranean Sea > Barbary Sea, Mid-Atlantic Ocean > Atlantic Ocean, North-Atlantic Ocean > Caledonian Ocean, North Sea > German Sea

'''3.5'''
* Rules Change: England is entitled to 3 DPs each (rather than just 2) for the opening year's spring and fall seasons.
* Space Additions: Black Ruthenia
* Altered Adjacencies: Brest* @ Marseille*

'''3.6'''
* Space Additions: Extremadura, La Mancha
* Altered Adjacencies: Lombardy @ Tyrolia

'''3.7'''
* Rules Change: Victory criterion increased from 15 to 16 SCs
* Altered Adjacencies: Black Ruthenia @ White Ruthenia
* Name Changes: Rhineland-Westphalia > Rhineland, Marseilles > Marseille
* Cosmetic Map Change: Lombardy's borders redrawn so as to include the Free State of Grisons (i.e. the later Swiss canton of Graubünden) instead of a portion of Venetian territory.

'''4.3'''
* Rules Change: HRE-specific rules abolished
* Space Additions: Albania, Bosnia, Styria
* Space Removals: Azerbaijan, Devon (incorporated into London), Illyria, Onega
* Altered Adjacencies: Astrakhan @ Siberia, Moscow @ Severia & White Ruthenia, Novgorod @ Karelia, Permia & Siberia, Belgrade @ Adriatic Sea

'''4.4'''
* Rules Change: France gets 6 DPs, while the other Great Powers receive only 3.
* Altered Adjacencies: Franconia @ Vienna

'''4.6'''
* Space Removals: Styria

'''4.8'''
* Rules Change: Victory criterion increased from 16 to 17 SCs
* New Minor Power: Croatia (i.e promoted to SC/minor power status)
* Space Removals: Gulf of Sirte
* Altered Adjacencies: Bristol @ Ireland

'''4.9'''
* Rules Change: Victory criterion increased from 17 to 18 SCs
* Space Additions: Cornwall

'''5.0'''
* Rules Change: Certain powers have vassals. Their DPs allocated to these are increased by one in value. Once controlled, the vassal's SC serves its overlord as a build site.
* Space Additions: Styria
* Space Removals: Cornwall
* Altered Adjacencies: Bristol no longer borders Ireland

'''5.1'''
* Vassal Status Change: Croatia is considered a Turkish vassal.
* Unit Change: Austria starts with a fleet in Trieste instead of an army.

'''5.4'''
* Space Addition: Gulf of Venice

'''5.5'''
* Altered Adjacencies: Levantine Sea @ Strait of Sicily & Tunis.
* Rules Change: Victory requires not only 18 SCs, but also 2 more SCs than the second-strongest power.

'''5.6'''
* Space Additions: Anhalt, East Frisia, Brunswick
* Space Removal: Lower Saxony

'''5.7'''
* Space Removal: Yorkshire
* Rules Change: A surviving vassal's SCs count for victory purposes towards its suzerain's SC total.
* Rules Change: Minor powers may perform sorties. At least one player needs to spend two DPs on a sortie order for it to be valid.

'''5.8'''
* Vassal Status Change: Ducal Prussia is no longer a Polish vassal. Nor is Savoy a French one anymore.
* Rules Change: France's DP budget is reduced from 6 to 5 DPs.
* Rules Change: The DP bonus increases by one after every three turns.
* Rules Change: -1 DP penalty for each originally owned SC which is foreign-controlled.
* Rules Change: Certain powers have junior allies. Their DPs allocated to these are increased by in value. At first by 1 DP.
* Rules Change: HRE minors count towards Austria's victory tally. Austria also receives beginning with Fall 1650 a DP bonus for these.
* Ally Additions: Bavaria, Portugal, Rhineland, Savoy, Transylvania become French allies.
* Build Site Additions: Croatia and Transylvania for Austria, Ducal Prussia and Moldavia for Poland, Crimea and Ukraine for Russia.

'''6.5'''

'''Summary v5.8'''

* Since v2.0 a new 39 spaces have been added to the game, while 13 have been removed, i.e. a net addition of 26 spaces (among which are 4 SC provinces). The game now includes 137 spaces. 59 of these are SC provinces.

* As such the map now has a considerably higher buffer-to-SC ratio. It rose from 1.91 to 2.32 (v5.8). Standard Diplomacy clocks in at 2.2. Stephen Agar once recommended remain within the 2.0 to 2.5 range. If you remove Iceland and the Caspian Sea from the equation - both being of very marginal use - 1648 v5.8's ratio falls to 2.29. In other words, the map density is somewhat below Standard's.

= Space Names and Abbreviations =

All spaces on the 1648 map, along with their abbreviations, are listed below. SCs are annotated with an asterisk (*).

<tt>
Abo* Abo
Adriatic Sea ADR
Aegean Sea AEG
Albania Alb
Algiers* Alg

Anhalt Anh
Arabia Ara
Aragon Arg
Arctic Ocean ARC
Armenia Arm

Astrakhan Ast
Atlantic Ocean ATL
Baltic Sea BAL
Barbary Sea BAR
Bavaria* Bav

Bay of Luebeck BOL
Belgrade* Bel
Black Ruthenia BRu
Black Sea BLA
Bohuslan Boh

Bosnia Bos
Brandenburg* Bra
Brest* Bre
Bristol* Bri
Brunswick* Bwk

Bulgaria Bul
Caledonian Ocean CAL
Candia* Cnd
Cantabrian Sea CAN
Caspian Sea CAS

Christiania* Chr
Constantinople* Con
Copenhagen* Cop
Courland* Cou
Cracow* Cra

Crimea* Cri
Croatia* Cro
Dalmatia Dal
Damascus* Dam
Dauphiné Dau

Ducal Prussia* DPr
East Frisia EFr
Egypt Egy
English Channel ENG
Extremadura Ext

Finnmark Fin
Flanders* Fla
Franconia Fra
Gascony Gas
German Sea GER

Greater Poland GPo
Gulf of Bothnia GOB
Gulf of Lion GOL
Gulf of Venice GOV
Helgoland Bight HEL

Hesse Hes
Holland* UPr
Holstein* Hol
Hungary Hun
Iceland Ice

Indian Ocean IND
Ingria Ing
Ionian Sea ION
Ireland* Ire
Irish Sea IRI

Karaman Krm
Karelia Kar
Lake Ladoga LLA
La Mancha LMa
Lapland Lap

Leon Leo
Levantine Sea LEV
Lombardy Lom
London* Lon
Lorraine* Lor

Luxembourg Lux
Madrid* Mad
Marseille* Mar
Mecklenburg* Mec
Mesopotamia Mes

Moldavia* Mol
Morocco* Mor
Moscow* Mos
Naples* Nap
Norwegian Sea NOR

Novgorod* Nov
Papal States* Pap
Paris* Par
Permia Prm
Persia* Per

Picardy Pic
Podolia Pod
Polish Livonia PLi
Portugal* Por
Prague* Pra

Pskov Psk
Riga* Rig
Rhineland-Westphalia* Rhi
Royal Prussia RPr
Sahara Sah

Samogitia Sam
Sardinia Sar
Savoy* Sav
Saxony* Sax
Scania Sca

Scotland* Sco
Severia Svr
Seville* Sev
Siberia Sib
Sicily Sic

Silesia Sil
Skagerrak SKA
Slovakia Slo
Smolensk Smo
Stettin* Ste

Stockholm* Sto
Strait of Sicily SOS
Styria Sty
Swabia* Swa
Switzerland* Swi

Transylvania* Tra
Trieste* Tri
Tunis* Tun
Turkestan* Tur
Tuscany* Tus

Tyrolia Tyr
Tyrrhenian Sea TYS
Ukraine* Ukr
Venice* Ven
Vienna* Vie

Vilna* Vil
Vitebsk Vit
Volhynia Vol
Voronezh* Vor
Wallachia* Wal

Warsaw* War
White Ruthenia WRu

</tt>

0 to D Variant Names

2016-06-11T12:41:46Z

Charlesf:

* [[1600]]
* [[1648 v30]]
* [[1648 v33]]
* [[1648 v35]]
* [[1648 v3.7]]
* [[1648 v4.3]]
* [[1648 v4.4]]
* [[1648 v4.6]]
* [[1648 v4.8]]
* [[1648 v4.9]]
* [[1648 v5.0]]
* [[1648 v5.1]]
* [[1648 v5.5]]
* [[1648 v5.6]]
* [[1648 v5.7]]
* [[1648 v5.8]]
* [[1648 v6.5]]
* [[1720]]
* [[1847]]
* [[1885]]
* [[1897]]
* [[1898]]
* [[1900]]
* [[1913]]
* [[1926]]
* [[1936 v1.1]]
* [[1936 v1.3]]
* [[1936 v1.5]]
* [[1936 v1.7]]
* [[1936 v2.0]]
* [[1936 v2.2]]
* [[1936 v2.5]]
* [[1936 v2.6]]
* [[1936 v2.9]]
* [[1936 v3.3]]
* [[1936 v3.4]]
* [[1939]]
* 1939.Blitzkrieg, see: [[Blitzkrieg]]
* [[30JK Diplomacy]] (30 years war)
* [[7 Island]]
* [[Aberration]]
* [[Abstraction2]]
* [[Aegean]]
* [[African Diplomacy]] (I and II)
* [[African Riots]]
* [[Ambition and Empire]]
* Americas, see: [[War in the Americas]]
* [[Anarchy]]
* [[Ancient Mediterranean]]
* [[Ancient World]]
* [[Aotearoa]]
* [[Arctic]]
* [[Arab]]
* [[Asia]]
* [[Babylon 5]]
* [[Balkan]]
* [[Balkans1860]]
* [[Balkan War]]
* [[Baltic]]
* [[Black Hole]] (3 variations)
* [[Blitzkrieg]]
* [[Bourse]]
* [[Britain]]
* [[Canton]]
* [[Canton 3]]
* [[Catspaw]]
* [[Chaos]]
* [[ChessDip]]
* [[Chicago]]
* [[Chromatic]]
* [[CivDip|Civilization Diplomacy]]
* [[Classical]]
* [[Cold War]]
* [[Colonia VIIb]]
* [[Colonial]]
* [[Confederate]]
* [[Congress of Vienna]]
* [[Conquest Of The Americas]]
* [[Consolidation 1865]]
* [[Crisis]]
* [[Crowded]]
* [[Crusades]]
* [[Crystal Ball]]
* [[Dark Ages]]
* [[Deluge]]
* [[Deutsches Reich 1871]]
* [[Diplomyddiaeth Gymreig]]
* [[Diplowinn]]
* [[Double Diplomacy]]
* [[Duo]]

'''Other Variants:'''
* [[Build Variations]]
* [[E to L Variant Names]]
* [[M to S Variant Names]]
* [[T to Z Variant Names]]
* [[Variants by Subject]]

1936 v3.4

2016-03-30T00:55:34Z

Charlesf: /* Version Changelog */

=Introduction=
1936 is a seven-player Diplomacy variant set in the mid-thirties – at a time when the precarious order established after the Great War was increasingly undermined and finally destroyed.

Next to the seven great powers vying for influence, the two main factions in the Spanish Civil War – the Nationalists and Republicans are playable. Nationalist Spain is controlled by its main sponsor – Italy, whereas the Soviet Union champions the cause of Republican Spain.

1936's rules are based upon those of Ambition & Empire, a variant designed by Jeff Kase and Baron Powell. As its most striking departure from Standard Diplomacy, the latter first featured armed neutrals whose actions players may secretly influence by bidding Diplomacy Points (DPs).

Should you be interested in joining or observing a future game, contact [mailto:cfeaux@gmail.com me.]

=Maps=

[[Image:1936_34.gif|frame|1936 v3.4]]

[[Image:v34 35_4.gif|frame|1936 v3.4 initial setup]]

=Inital Setup=

BRITAIN: F Edinburgh, F Gibraltar, F London, F Suez

FRANCE: A Algiers, A Beirut, F Brest, A Marseille, A Paris

GERMANY: A Berlin, F Hamburg, A Munich

ITALY: A Milan, F Naples, A Rome, F Tripoli

POLAND: A Cracow, F Gdynia, A Warsaw

SOVIET UNION: F Leningrad (sc), A Moscow, A Stalingrad

TURKEY: A Ankara, A Istanbul, F Izmir

NATIONALIST SPAIN: A Burgos

REPUBLICAN SPAIN: A Valencia

=Rules=
All the rules of standard Diplomacy apply save those noted below.

==Minor Powers==

In addition to the seven Great Powers (and the Spanish factions), there also are a host of "minor powers" that represent the smaller states of Europe.

Each minor power controls one unit (two in the case of Yugoslavia) and the SCs they occupy. All minor powers start with an army except for the following minors that start with a fleet: Denmark, Greece, the Netherlands, Norway, Portugal and Sweden.

Minor power units prevent a Great Power from simply moving into an empty space and gaining control of the SC. To occupy a minor power SC, a Great Power will need to move in with support. A minor power unit that is forced to retreat is disbanded. If a Great Power does not occupy the minor power SC at the end of a Fall turn, the minor power’s unit is automatically rebuilt in the Winter.

As in standard Diplomacy, a Great Power controls a minor power SC when one of its units occupies the space after a Fall turn has been played and completed. Once a Great Power gains control of a minor power SC, it can leave the SC vacant and still keep control of it as long as that SC is not occupied by another Great Power at the close of a Fall turn.

Minor power units do nothing but hold in place, unless the unit has been ordered by a Great Power using its Diplomacy Points.

==Diplomacy Points==

Each Great Power receives a set number of Diplomacy Points (DPs) every Spring and Fall turn.

• '''France receives 5 DPs.

• '''The other Great Powers are allocated 3 DPs each.

• '''Deduct 1 DP from a Great Power's DP budget for each SC it originally owned, yet is controlled by another power. Exception: French ownership of any SC within two spaces of Beirut (i.e. Ankara, Iraq, Suez) cancels any penalty for losing Beirut.

• '''Deduct 1 DP from sponsor's DP budget if its corresponding faction controls fewer Spanish SCs than the opposing faction or no longer controls any Spanish SC.

A patron receives a DP bonus when allocating DPs to a client (see further below).

During each Spring and Fall turn, each Great Power may allocate DPs to minor powers that still have units on the map, though '''no more than two of its DPs may be allocated to any particular minor power SC.'''

'''A Major Power may not allocate any DPs to a minor power SC it intends to attack (or support an attack against) during the current game turn.'''

For each DP allocated, the allocating Great Power submits an order for that particular minor power’s unit. A Great Power may order a minor power to move, hold or support. '''A minor power's unit given a move order (also known as a "sortie") will not actually move. However, the move action may cut support and bounce other units. '''

'''If a minor power unit is given a move order that under Standard rules would result in it moving, the order will result in the unit remaining in its starting territory, but no other unit may retreat or move into the territory the minor successfully attacked. A unit already in the target territory at turn start will not be dislodged.'''

Unused DPs may not be carried over into the next turn. They are simply lost.

Players are not required to tell each other how they allocated their DPs. Just as with negotiations, players may honour their agreements with other players or not, as they see fit. Only the GM will know how Great Powers have allocated their DPs. DP allocation is not published in the adjudication; only the end results are published.

The GM determines how DPs have been allocated. In the event of a conflict, an order for a particular minor power’s unit is followed if it is supported by more DPs than any conflicting order. See the following examples:

<blockquote>
Example 1. ''In Spring ‘36, Germany allocates one DP to Austria to get it to support a German attack on Czechia. No other major Power allocates a DP to Austria so the Austrian unit supports the German attack on Czechia.''
</blockquote>

<blockquote>
Example 2. ''In Spring ‘36, Germany allocates one DP to Austria to get it to support a German attack on Czechia. Italy also allocates one DP to Austria to get it to support an Italian attack on Switzerland. Since Germany and Italy each allocated one DP to Austria, neither controls Austria and the Austrian army simply holds in place.''
</blockquote>

<blockquote>
Example 3. ''In Spring ‘36, Germany allocates two DPs to Austria to get it to support a German attack on Czechia. Italy allocates only one DP to Austria to get it to support an Italian attack on Switzerland. Since Germany allocated one more DP to Austria than Italy did, the Austrian support the German attack on Czechia.''
</blockquote>

<blockquote>
Example 4. ''In Spring ‘36, Germany allocates one DP to Austria to get it to support a German attack on Czechia. Italy allocates one DP to Austria to get it to support an Italian attack on Switzerland. In support of Germany, Turkey allocates one DP to Austria to get it to support the German attack on Czechia. Although Germany, Italy and Turkey each allocated one DP to Austria, the Germans get the Austrian support because the Turks supported the German diplomatic efforts with the Austrians.''
</blockquote>

==Client States==

'''Should a Great Power (patron) invest any DPs in a minor power designated as a client (i.e. lesser ally, junior partner, protectorate, state within a power's sphere of influence), those DPs are increased in value. Initially by one. After every three move turns, the DP bonus further increases by one. This means that the DP bonus rises to +2 during the Fall 1937 season, to +3 in Spring 1939 and so on.

A surviving client's SCs count towards its patron's SC total for victory purposes.

These are the various Great Powers' clients:

BRITAIN: Egypt, Iraq

FRANCE: Belgium, Czechoslovakia (i.e. Bohemia), Greece, Morocco, Rumania, Yugoslavia (i.e. Croatia, Serbia)

GERMANY: Austria (also a potential German build site), Bulgaria, Finland,
Hungary, Iran, Rumania

ITALY: Bulgaria, Hungary

POLAND: Rumania

SOVIET UNION: Czechoslovakia (i.e. Bohemia), Lithuania

TURKEY: Egypt

As a visual cue, minor power SC dots are partially coloured in their patron's colours. Austria's SC is fully coloured grey to account for it being also a potential German build site.

==Yugoslavia==

Yugoslavia is a minor power initially consisting of two units/SCs (i.e. A Croatia and A Serbia). As such, '''the Yugoslav A Croatia may not attack, help cut or dislodge its fellow Yugoslav unit in Serbia (and vice-versa). DPs are allocated to A Croatia or A Serbia rather than to Yugoslavia as a whole.'''

==Spain==

The Nationalists and Republicans are considered factions. Italy and the Soviet Union are their respective sponsoring Great Powers.

The Italian player submits orders for Nationalist Spain, while the Soviet player does the same for Republican Spain. However, the two powers under the control of the same player are treated for all purposes other than victory as separate powers.

Burgos, Madrid and Valencia are home supply centres for both the Nationalists and Republicans. Initially the Nationalists control Burgos, the Republicans Valencia (their respective provisional capitals), whereas Madrid is neutral and controlled by neither. There is no neutral garrison in vacant Madrid – unlike all other neutral SCs at game-start.

'''Deduct 1 DP from sponsor's DP budget if its corresponding faction controls fewer Spanish SCs (i.e. Burgos, Madrid, Valencia) than the opposing faction or no longer controls any Spanish SCs.

Factions do not receive any DPs.

Should a faction's sponsoring Great Power (Italy for the Nationalists, the Soviet Union for the Republicans) be eliminated, its faction is immediately put into civil disorder (see the below rules section). Therefore the controlling player is entirely eliminated from the game.

==Victory Conditions==

As soon as one player controls '''18 SCs''', the game ends immediately and the player representing that Great Power is the winner. If two players each gain 18 or more SCs at the same time, the player with the most SCs is considered the winner. If the two players each control the same number of SCs, the game continues until one player has 18 or more SCs and that player has more SCs than any other player.

For the purposes of this rule Italy & Nationalist Spain are considered one Great Power. The same applies to the Soviet Union & Republican Spain.

'''A surviving client's SCs count towards its patron's SC total for victory purposes.'''

==Civil Disorder==

If a player is lost during the game, the GM is strongly encouraged to find a replacement player for the affected Great Power rather than have it lapse into civil disorder. In the event no replacement player is found and the GM declares the Great Power to be in permanent civil disorder, the following rules apply:

• All units of the Great Power in civil disorder (GPCD) are immediately disbanded.

• All SCs controlled by the GPCD that are unoccupied are immediately considered newly independent minor powers. Minor power army units are built in those minor power spaces.

• All SCs controlled by the GPCD that are occupied by a unit belonging to another Great Power are unaffected. If the occupying Great Power moves its unit out of the GPCD’s SC so that the SC is unoccupied at the conclusion of a Fall turn, a minor power army unit is built there and that SC is considered a newly independent minor power.

• For the remainder of the game, all newly independent minor powers are subject to the provisions of the Minor Powers rules. In particular, this means the new minor power can be influenced using Diplomacy Points.

• Once a Great Power is declared to be in permanent civil disorder, it may not be played by an active player again.

==Special Rules==

• The first turn of the game begins in Spring 1936.

• France may not build units in Beirut, nor may Italy do so in Tripoli (as a visual cue these SCs are filled with white colour).

• Austria serves as an additional German build-site.

• Britain starts the game with a fleet located in Gibraltar, whereas there’s no unit in Liverpool.

==Map Clarifications==

• Gibraltar and the Dodecanese are sea spaces that contain land. This means that a fleet stationed in Gibraltar or in the Dodecanese can convoy an army. Equally, army movement between Gibraltar and Madrid, Grenada or Morocco is allowed. Much as between the Dodecanese and Izmir.

• Hamburg, Suez, Denmark and Istanbul are canal provinces. Hence, they have merely one coast.

• The Persian Gulf and the Atlantic Ocean are adjacent and are divided by a line in what we generally consider Red Sea. Blue bands along the map edges indicate that these portions of the Red Sea respectively belong to the Persian Gulf and the Atlantic Ocean.

'''Four-way Intersections:'''

• Sicily and Naples are adjacent as shown by the landbridge arrow. Both fleet and army movement across the Straits of Messina is possible.

• Edinburgh, Northern Ireland, the North-Western Approaches and the Irish Sea all border each other.

• Gibraltar, Morocco, the Atlantic Ocean and the South-Western Approaches all border each other.

• Sweden, the Gulf of Bothnia, the Gulf of Danzig and Baltic Sea all border each other.

• Stalingrad, Western Caucasia, the Eastern Ukraine and the Black Sea all border each other.

• Greece, the Aegean Sea, Libyan Sea and Ionian Sea all border each other.

== Version Changelog==

* Asterisk = SC province
* @ = adjacent to
* > = renamed

'''0.3'''
* Space Additions: Azov Sea
* Altered Adjacencies: Stalingrad @ Azov Sea

'''1.0'''
* Space Additions: Ligurian Sea, Konya, Georgia, Trentino, Transylvania, Slovenia, Bosnia, Thrace, Dobruja, Abruzzi, Lorraine
* Space Removals: Armenia, Adana, Sevastopol, Cologne, Venetia
* Name Change: African Coastal Waters > Atlantic Ocean, Mid-Atlantic Ocean > South-Western Approaches, North-Atlantic Ocean > Northwestern Approaches, Saxony > Thuringia, Kiel > Hamburg
* Altered Adjacencies: Ankara @ Levantine Coastal Waters, Atlantic Ocean @ Ireland, Northwestern Approaches, Madrid @ Navarra, Berlin @ Czechia
* Rule Change:

'''1.1'''
* Space Additions: Gulf of Sidra
* Name Change: Thuringia > Saxony, Eastern Mediterranean > Libyan Sea
* Altered Adjacencies: Saxony @ Silesia, Pomerania

'''1.2'''
* Space Additions: Western Ukraine, Eastern Ukraine
* Space Removals: Ukraine
* Altered Adjacencies: Greater Poland @ Berlin, Saxony

'''1.3'''
* Name Change: Trentino > South Tyrol
* Altered Adjacencies: Rome @ Austria

'''1.6'''
* Space Additions: Tuscany, Northern Tyrrhenian Sea, Southern Tyrrhenian Sea, Bavaria
* Space Removals: Abruzzi
* Name Change: Munich > Frankfurt
* Altered Adjacencies: Bosnia @ Adriatic Sea
* Rule Change: Minor powers may be ordered to move.

'''1.7'''
* Space Additions: Lodz
* Altered Adjacencies: Silesia @ Berlin, Pomerania

'''1.8'''
* Space Additions: Venetia
* Rule Change: Suez becomes a British Home-SC.

'''1.9'''
* Space Additions: Northern Ireland
* Rule Change: The great powers are given minor powers as clients.

'''2.0'''
* Space Removals: Gulf of Sidra, Venetia
* Name Change: Saxony > Central Germany, Bavaria > Bavarian Ostmark
* Altered Adjacencies: Libyan Sea no longer adjacent to Greece, Central Germany @ Rhineland

'''2.1'''
* Rule Change: Finland, Latvia no longer Polish clients, Greece no longer French client, Lithuania Soviet client

'''2.2'''
* Space Additions: Venetia
* Altered Adjacencies: Rome no longer @ Milan.

'''2.3'''
* Space Removals: Heligoland Bight
* Altered Adjacencies: Paris @ Marseille, Belgium, English Channel @ Netherlands

'''2.4'''
* Name Change: Bavarian Ostmark > Franconia

'''2.5'''
* Rule Change: Iran is no longer a Turkish client.

'''2.6'''
* Space Additions: Northern North Sea, Southern North Sea
* Space Removals: North Sea

'''2.7'''
* Space Additions: Extremadura, Leon
* Space Removals: Galicia, Lodz
* Altered Adjacencies: Warsaw @ Czechia, Cracow no longer adjacent to Rumania.

'''2.8'''
* Altered Adjacencies: Cracow @ Rumania, Cracow @ Silesia

'''2.9'''
* Name Change: Georgia > Western Caucasia, Arabian Sea > Persian Gulf, Czechia > Bohemia
* Altered Adjacencies: Cracow not @ Rumania
* Rule Change: Client SCs count towards their patron's SC count for victory purposes.
* Rule Change: Minus 1 DP for each originally controlled SC under enemy control. If the Nationalists (or the Republicans) no longer control a single Spanish SC, Italy (or the Soviet Union) loses 1 DP.
* Rule Change: A victorious Spain only receives 1 DP instead of 3.
* Rule Change: The DP bonus for clients increases each year after 1937 by one extra DP.

'''3.0'''
* Altered Adjacencies: Libyan Sea @ Greece
* Rule Change: Greece becomes a French client.

'''3.1'''
* Name Change: Central Germany > Saxony, Thrace > Macedonia
* Altered Adjacencies: Munich @ Hamburg
* Rule Change: Finland and Iran become German clients.

'''3.2'''
* Rule Change: Rumania becomes also a German client (next to being a French and Polish one).

'''3.3'''
* Space Addition: Maltese Sea
* Rule Change: No more DPs for a victorious Spain. Instead a faction's sponsoring power gets one DP less if its faction has zero Spanish SCs or controls fewer of these than the opposing faction.
* Rule Change: Deduct 1 DP from a Great Power's DP budget for each SC it originally owned, yet now is controlled by another power. Exception: French ownership of any SC within two spaces of Beirut (i.e. Ankara, Iraq, Suez) cancels any penalty for losing Beirut.

'''3.4'''
* Altered Adjacencies: Saudi Arabia @ Suez (i.e. a new crossroads involving Suez, Palestine, Saudi Arabia and the Persian Gulf is created).
* Rule Change: The DP bonus for clients increases each year after every three move turns by one extra DP. This means that the DP bonus rises to +2 during the Fall 1937 season, to +3 in Spring 1939 and so on.
* Rule Change/Clarification: A Major Power may not allocate any DPs to a minor power SC it intends to support an attack against during the current game turn.

=Space Names and Abbreviations=

All spaces on the 1936 map, along with their abbreviations, are listed below. SCs are annotated with an asterisk (*).

Albania Alb
Alexandretta Ale
Algiers* Alg
Ankara* Ank
Archangel Agl

Austria* Aus
Beirut* Bei
Belgium* Bel
Berlin* Ber
Bohemia Boh

Bosnia Bos
Brest* Bre
Bulgaria* Bul
Burgos* Brg
Burgundy Bur

Byelorussia Bye
Catalonia Cat
Cracow* Cra
Croatia* Cro

Denmark* Den
Dobruja Dob
Dodecanese Dod
Eastern Anatolia EAn
East Prussia EPr

Eastern Ukraine EUk
Edinburgh* Edi
Egypt* Egy
Estonia Est
Extremadura Ext

Finland* Fin
Franconia Fra
Gascony Gas
Gdynia* Gdy
Gibraltar Gib

Granada Gra
Greater Poland GPo
Greece* Gre
Hamburg* Ham
Hungary* Hun

Iceland Ice
Iran* Irn
Iraq* Irq
Ireland Ire
Istanbul* Ist
Izmir* Izm

Kazakhstan Kaz
Konya Kon
Kurdistan Kur
Kuweit Kuw
Latvia* Lat

Leningrad* Len
Leon Leo
Lithuania* Lit
Liverpool* Liv
London* Lon

Lorraine Lor
Madrid* Mad
Marseille* Mar
Milan* Mil
Morocco* Mor

Moscow* Mos
Munich* Mun
Naples* Nap
Navarra Nav
Netherlands* Net

Norway* Nwy
Palestine Pal
Paris* Par
Picardy Pic

Piedmont Pie
Pomerania Pom
Portugal* Por
Rhineland Rhi
Rome* Rom

Rumania* Rum
Sardinia Sdn
Saudi Arabia SAr
Saxony Sax
Serbia* Ser
Siberia Sib

Sicily Sic
Silesia Sil
Slovakia Svk
Slovenia Svn
Southern Algeria SAl

South Tyrol STy
Stalingrad* Sta
Suez Sue
Sweden* Swe
Switzerland* Swi

Syria Syr
Thrace Thr
Transylvania Tra
Tripoli* Tri
Tunisia Tun

Tuscany Tus
Valencia* Val
Venetia Ven
Volhynia Vol
Wales Wal

Warsaw* War
Western Caucasia WCa
Western Ukraine WUk
Yorkshire Yor
Adriatic Sea ADR

Aegean Sea AEG
Arctic Ocean, ARC
Atlantic Ocean ATL
Baltic Sea BAL

Bay of Biscay BOB
Black Sea BLA
Caspian Sea CAS
English Channel ENG
Gulf of Bothnia GOB

Gulf of Danzig GOD
Gulf of Lion GOL
Ionian Sea ION
Irish Sea IRI
Levantine Sea LEV

Libyan Sea LIB
Maltese Sea MAL
Northern North Sea NNS
Northern Tyrrhenian Sea NTS
North-Western Approaches NWA
Norwegian Sea NRG

Persian Gulf PGU

Skaggerak SKA
Southern North Sea SNS
Southern Tyrrhenian Sea STS
South-Western Approaches SWA
Western Mediterranean WES

1936 v3.4

2016-03-30T00:54:59Z

Charlesf: /* Version Changelog */

=Introduction=
1936 is a seven-player Diplomacy variant set in the mid-thirties – at a time when the precarious order established after the Great War was increasingly undermined and finally destroyed.

Next to the seven great powers vying for influence, the two main factions in the Spanish Civil War – the Nationalists and Republicans are playable. Nationalist Spain is controlled by its main sponsor – Italy, whereas the Soviet Union champions the cause of Republican Spain.

1936's rules are based upon those of Ambition & Empire, a variant designed by Jeff Kase and Baron Powell. As its most striking departure from Standard Diplomacy, the latter first featured armed neutrals whose actions players may secretly influence by bidding Diplomacy Points (DPs).

Should you be interested in joining or observing a future game, contact [mailto:cfeaux@gmail.com me.]

=Maps=

[[Image:1936_34.gif|frame|1936 v3.4]]

[[Image:v34 35_4.gif|frame|1936 v3.4 initial setup]]

=Inital Setup=

BRITAIN: F Edinburgh, F Gibraltar, F London, F Suez

FRANCE: A Algiers, A Beirut, F Brest, A Marseille, A Paris

GERMANY: A Berlin, F Hamburg, A Munich

ITALY: A Milan, F Naples, A Rome, F Tripoli

POLAND: A Cracow, F Gdynia, A Warsaw

SOVIET UNION: F Leningrad (sc), A Moscow, A Stalingrad

TURKEY: A Ankara, A Istanbul, F Izmir

NATIONALIST SPAIN: A Burgos

REPUBLICAN SPAIN: A Valencia

=Rules=
All the rules of standard Diplomacy apply save those noted below.

==Minor Powers==

In addition to the seven Great Powers (and the Spanish factions), there also are a host of "minor powers" that represent the smaller states of Europe.

Each minor power controls one unit (two in the case of Yugoslavia) and the SCs they occupy. All minor powers start with an army except for the following minors that start with a fleet: Denmark, Greece, the Netherlands, Norway, Portugal and Sweden.

Minor power units prevent a Great Power from simply moving into an empty space and gaining control of the SC. To occupy a minor power SC, a Great Power will need to move in with support. A minor power unit that is forced to retreat is disbanded. If a Great Power does not occupy the minor power SC at the end of a Fall turn, the minor power’s unit is automatically rebuilt in the Winter.

As in standard Diplomacy, a Great Power controls a minor power SC when one of its units occupies the space after a Fall turn has been played and completed. Once a Great Power gains control of a minor power SC, it can leave the SC vacant and still keep control of it as long as that SC is not occupied by another Great Power at the close of a Fall turn.

Minor power units do nothing but hold in place, unless the unit has been ordered by a Great Power using its Diplomacy Points.

==Diplomacy Points==

Each Great Power receives a set number of Diplomacy Points (DPs) every Spring and Fall turn.

• '''France receives 5 DPs.

• '''The other Great Powers are allocated 3 DPs each.

• '''Deduct 1 DP from a Great Power's DP budget for each SC it originally owned, yet is controlled by another power. Exception: French ownership of any SC within two spaces of Beirut (i.e. Ankara, Iraq, Suez) cancels any penalty for losing Beirut.

• '''Deduct 1 DP from sponsor's DP budget if its corresponding faction controls fewer Spanish SCs than the opposing faction or no longer controls any Spanish SC.

A patron receives a DP bonus when allocating DPs to a client (see further below).

During each Spring and Fall turn, each Great Power may allocate DPs to minor powers that still have units on the map, though '''no more than two of its DPs may be allocated to any particular minor power SC.'''

'''A Major Power may not allocate any DPs to a minor power SC it intends to attack (or support an attack against) during the current game turn.'''

For each DP allocated, the allocating Great Power submits an order for that particular minor power’s unit. A Great Power may order a minor power to move, hold or support. '''A minor power's unit given a move order (also known as a "sortie") will not actually move. However, the move action may cut support and bounce other units. '''

'''If a minor power unit is given a move order that under Standard rules would result in it moving, the order will result in the unit remaining in its starting territory, but no other unit may retreat or move into the territory the minor successfully attacked. A unit already in the target territory at turn start will not be dislodged.'''

Unused DPs may not be carried over into the next turn. They are simply lost.

Players are not required to tell each other how they allocated their DPs. Just as with negotiations, players may honour their agreements with other players or not, as they see fit. Only the GM will know how Great Powers have allocated their DPs. DP allocation is not published in the adjudication; only the end results are published.

The GM determines how DPs have been allocated. In the event of a conflict, an order for a particular minor power’s unit is followed if it is supported by more DPs than any conflicting order. See the following examples:

<blockquote>
Example 1. ''In Spring ‘36, Germany allocates one DP to Austria to get it to support a German attack on Czechia. No other major Power allocates a DP to Austria so the Austrian unit supports the German attack on Czechia.''
</blockquote>

<blockquote>
Example 2. ''In Spring ‘36, Germany allocates one DP to Austria to get it to support a German attack on Czechia. Italy also allocates one DP to Austria to get it to support an Italian attack on Switzerland. Since Germany and Italy each allocated one DP to Austria, neither controls Austria and the Austrian army simply holds in place.''
</blockquote>

<blockquote>
Example 3. ''In Spring ‘36, Germany allocates two DPs to Austria to get it to support a German attack on Czechia. Italy allocates only one DP to Austria to get it to support an Italian attack on Switzerland. Since Germany allocated one more DP to Austria than Italy did, the Austrian support the German attack on Czechia.''
</blockquote>

<blockquote>
Example 4. ''In Spring ‘36, Germany allocates one DP to Austria to get it to support a German attack on Czechia. Italy allocates one DP to Austria to get it to support an Italian attack on Switzerland. In support of Germany, Turkey allocates one DP to Austria to get it to support the German attack on Czechia. Although Germany, Italy and Turkey each allocated one DP to Austria, the Germans get the Austrian support because the Turks supported the German diplomatic efforts with the Austrians.''
</blockquote>

==Client States==

'''Should a Great Power (patron) invest any DPs in a minor power designated as a client (i.e. lesser ally, junior partner, protectorate, state within a power's sphere of influence), those DPs are increased in value. Initially by one. After every three move turns, the DP bonus further increases by one. This means that the DP bonus rises to +2 during the Fall 1937 season, to +3 in Spring 1939 and so on.

A surviving client's SCs count towards its patron's SC total for victory purposes.

These are the various Great Powers' clients:

BRITAIN: Egypt, Iraq

FRANCE: Belgium, Czechoslovakia (i.e. Bohemia), Greece, Morocco, Rumania, Yugoslavia (i.e. Croatia, Serbia)

GERMANY: Austria (also a potential German build site), Bulgaria, Finland,
Hungary, Iran, Rumania

ITALY: Bulgaria, Hungary

POLAND: Rumania

SOVIET UNION: Czechoslovakia (i.e. Bohemia), Lithuania

TURKEY: Egypt

As a visual cue, minor power SC dots are partially coloured in their patron's colours. Austria's SC is fully coloured grey to account for it being also a potential German build site.

==Yugoslavia==

Yugoslavia is a minor power initially consisting of two units/SCs (i.e. A Croatia and A Serbia). As such, '''the Yugoslav A Croatia may not attack, help cut or dislodge its fellow Yugoslav unit in Serbia (and vice-versa). DPs are allocated to A Croatia or A Serbia rather than to Yugoslavia as a whole.'''

==Spain==

The Nationalists and Republicans are considered factions. Italy and the Soviet Union are their respective sponsoring Great Powers.

The Italian player submits orders for Nationalist Spain, while the Soviet player does the same for Republican Spain. However, the two powers under the control of the same player are treated for all purposes other than victory as separate powers.

Burgos, Madrid and Valencia are home supply centres for both the Nationalists and Republicans. Initially the Nationalists control Burgos, the Republicans Valencia (their respective provisional capitals), whereas Madrid is neutral and controlled by neither. There is no neutral garrison in vacant Madrid – unlike all other neutral SCs at game-start.

'''Deduct 1 DP from sponsor's DP budget if its corresponding faction controls fewer Spanish SCs (i.e. Burgos, Madrid, Valencia) than the opposing faction or no longer controls any Spanish SCs.

Factions do not receive any DPs.

Should a faction's sponsoring Great Power (Italy for the Nationalists, the Soviet Union for the Republicans) be eliminated, its faction is immediately put into civil disorder (see the below rules section). Therefore the controlling player is entirely eliminated from the game.

==Victory Conditions==

As soon as one player controls '''18 SCs''', the game ends immediately and the player representing that Great Power is the winner. If two players each gain 18 or more SCs at the same time, the player with the most SCs is considered the winner. If the two players each control the same number of SCs, the game continues until one player has 18 or more SCs and that player has more SCs than any other player.

For the purposes of this rule Italy & Nationalist Spain are considered one Great Power. The same applies to the Soviet Union & Republican Spain.

'''A surviving client's SCs count towards its patron's SC total for victory purposes.'''

==Civil Disorder==

If a player is lost during the game, the GM is strongly encouraged to find a replacement player for the affected Great Power rather than have it lapse into civil disorder. In the event no replacement player is found and the GM declares the Great Power to be in permanent civil disorder, the following rules apply:

• All units of the Great Power in civil disorder (GPCD) are immediately disbanded.

• All SCs controlled by the GPCD that are unoccupied are immediately considered newly independent minor powers. Minor power army units are built in those minor power spaces.

• All SCs controlled by the GPCD that are occupied by a unit belonging to another Great Power are unaffected. If the occupying Great Power moves its unit out of the GPCD’s SC so that the SC is unoccupied at the conclusion of a Fall turn, a minor power army unit is built there and that SC is considered a newly independent minor power.

• For the remainder of the game, all newly independent minor powers are subject to the provisions of the Minor Powers rules. In particular, this means the new minor power can be influenced using Diplomacy Points.

• Once a Great Power is declared to be in permanent civil disorder, it may not be played by an active player again.

==Special Rules==

• The first turn of the game begins in Spring 1936.

• France may not build units in Beirut, nor may Italy do so in Tripoli (as a visual cue these SCs are filled with white colour).

• Austria serves as an additional German build-site.

• Britain starts the game with a fleet located in Gibraltar, whereas there’s no unit in Liverpool.

==Map Clarifications==

• Gibraltar and the Dodecanese are sea spaces that contain land. This means that a fleet stationed in Gibraltar or in the Dodecanese can convoy an army. Equally, army movement between Gibraltar and Madrid, Grenada or Morocco is allowed. Much as between the Dodecanese and Izmir.

• Hamburg, Suez, Denmark and Istanbul are canal provinces. Hence, they have merely one coast.

• The Persian Gulf and the Atlantic Ocean are adjacent and are divided by a line in what we generally consider Red Sea. Blue bands along the map edges indicate that these portions of the Red Sea respectively belong to the Persian Gulf and the Atlantic Ocean.

'''Four-way Intersections:'''

• Sicily and Naples are adjacent as shown by the landbridge arrow. Both fleet and army movement across the Straits of Messina is possible.

• Edinburgh, Northern Ireland, the North-Western Approaches and the Irish Sea all border each other.

• Gibraltar, Morocco, the Atlantic Ocean and the South-Western Approaches all border each other.

• Sweden, the Gulf of Bothnia, the Gulf of Danzig and Baltic Sea all border each other.

• Stalingrad, Western Caucasia, the Eastern Ukraine and the Black Sea all border each other.

• Greece, the Aegean Sea, Libyan Sea and Ionian Sea all border each other.

== Version Changelog==

* Asterisk = SC province
* @ = adjacent to
* > = renamed

'''0.3'''
* Space Additions: Azov Sea
* Altered Adjacencies: Stalingrad @ Azov Sea

'''1.0'''
* Space Additions: Ligurian Sea, Konya, Georgia, Trentino, Transylvania, Slovenia, Bosnia, Thrace, Dobruja, Abruzzi, Lorraine
* Space Removals: Armenia, Adana, Sevastopol, Cologne, Venetia
* Name Change: African Coastal Waters > Atlantic Ocean, Mid-Atlantic Ocean > South-Western Approaches, North-Atlantic Ocean > Northwestern Approaches, Saxony > Thuringia, Kiel > Hamburg
* Altered Adjacencies: Ankara @ Levantine Coastal Waters, Atlantic Ocean @ Ireland, Northwestern Approaches, Madrid @ Navarra, Berlin @ Czechia
* Rule Change:

'''1.1'''
* Space Additions: Gulf of Sidra
* Name Change: Thuringia > Saxony, Eastern Mediterranean > Libyan Sea
* Altered Adjacencies: Saxony @ Silesia, Pomerania

'''1.2'''
* Space Additions: Western Ukraine, Eastern Ukraine
* Space Removals: Ukraine
* Altered Adjacencies: Greater Poland @ Berlin, Saxony

'''1.3'''
* Name Change: Trentino > South Tyrol
* Altered Adjacencies: Rome @ Austria

'''1.6'''
* Space Additions: Tuscany, Northern Tyrrhenian Sea, Southern Tyrrhenian Sea, Bavaria
* Space Removals: Abruzzi
* Name Change: Munich > Frankfurt
* Altered Adjacencies: Bosnia @ Adriatic Sea
* Rule Change: Minor powers may be ordered to move.

'''1.7'''
* Space Additions: Lodz
* Altered Adjacencies: Silesia @ Berlin, Pomerania

'''1.8'''
* Space Additions: Venetia
* Rule Change: Suez becomes a British Home-SC.

'''1.9'''
* Space Additions: Northern Ireland
* Rule Change: The great powers are given minor powers as clients.

'''2.0'''
* Space Removals: Gulf of Sidra, Venetia
* Name Change: Saxony > Central Germany, Bavaria > Bavarian Ostmark
* Altered Adjacencies: Libyan Sea no longer adjacent to Greece, Central Germany @ Rhineland

'''2.1'''
* Rule Change: Finland, Latvia no longer Polish clients, Greece no longer French client, Lithuania Soviet client

'''2.2'''
* Space Additions: Venetia
* Altered Adjacencies: Rome no longer @ Milan.

'''2.3'''
* Space Removals: Heligoland Bight
* Altered Adjacencies: Paris @ Marseille, Belgium, English Channel @ Netherlands

'''2.4'''
* Name Change: Bavarian Ostmark > Franconia

'''2.5'''
* Rule Change: Iran is no longer a Turkish client.

'''2.6'''
* Space Additions: Northern North Sea, Southern North Sea
* Space Removals: North Sea

'''2.7'''
* Space Additions: Extremadura, Leon
* Space Removals: Galicia, Lodz
* Altered Adjacencies: Warsaw @ Czechia, Cracow no longer adjacent to Rumania.

'''2.8'''
* Altered Adjacencies: Cracow @ Rumania, Cracow @ Silesia

'''2.9'''
* Name Change: Georgia > Western Caucasia, Arabian Sea > Persian Gulf, Czechia > Bohemia
* Altered Adjacencies: Cracow not @ Rumania
* Rule Change: Client SCs count towards their patron's SC count for victory purposes.
* Rule Change: Minus 1 DP for each originally controlled SC under enemy control. If the Nationalists (or the Republicans) no longer control a single Spanish SC, Italy (or the Soviet Union) loses 1 DP.
* Rule Change: A victorious Spain only receives 1 DP instead of 3.
* Rule Change: The DP bonus for clients increases each year after 1937 by one extra DP.

'''3.0'''
* Altered Adjacencies: Libyan Sea @ Greece
* Rule Change: Greece becomes a French client.

'''3.1'''
* Name Change: Central Germany > Saxony, Thrace > Macedonia
* Altered Adjacencies: Munich @ Hamburg
* Rule Change: Finland and Iran become German clients.

'''3.2'''
* Rule Change: Rumania becomes also a German client (next to being a French and Polish one).

'''3.3'''
* Space Addition: Maltese Sea
* Rule Change: No more DPs for a victorious Spain. Instead a faction's sponsoring power gets one DP less if its faction has zero Spanish SCs or controls fewer of these than the opposing faction.
* Rule Change: Deduct 1 DP from a Great Power's DP budget for each SC it originally owned, yet now is controlled by another power. Exception: French ownership of any SC within two spaces of Beirut (i.e. Ankara, Iraq, Suez) cancels any penalty for losing Beirut.

'''3.4'''
* Altered Adjacencies: Saudi Arabia @ Suez (i.e. a new crossroads involving Suez, Palestine, Saudi Arabia and the Persian Gulf is created).
* Rule Change: The DP bonus for clients increases each year after every three move turns by one extra DP. This means that the DP bonus rises to +2 during the Fall 1937 season, to +3 in Spring 1939 and so on.
* Rule Change: A Major Power may not allocate any DPs to a minor power SC it intends to support an attack against during the current game turn.

=Space Names and Abbreviations=

All spaces on the 1936 map, along with their abbreviations, are listed below. SCs are annotated with an asterisk (*).

Albania Alb
Alexandretta Ale
Algiers* Alg
Ankara* Ank
Archangel Agl

Austria* Aus
Beirut* Bei
Belgium* Bel
Berlin* Ber
Bohemia Boh

Bosnia Bos
Brest* Bre
Bulgaria* Bul
Burgos* Brg
Burgundy Bur

Byelorussia Bye
Catalonia Cat
Cracow* Cra
Croatia* Cro

Denmark* Den
Dobruja Dob
Dodecanese Dod
Eastern Anatolia EAn
East Prussia EPr

Eastern Ukraine EUk
Edinburgh* Edi
Egypt* Egy
Estonia Est
Extremadura Ext

Finland* Fin
Franconia Fra
Gascony Gas
Gdynia* Gdy
Gibraltar Gib

Granada Gra
Greater Poland GPo
Greece* Gre
Hamburg* Ham
Hungary* Hun

Iceland Ice
Iran* Irn
Iraq* Irq
Ireland Ire
Istanbul* Ist
Izmir* Izm

Kazakhstan Kaz
Konya Kon
Kurdistan Kur
Kuweit Kuw
Latvia* Lat

Leningrad* Len
Leon Leo
Lithuania* Lit
Liverpool* Liv
London* Lon

Lorraine Lor
Madrid* Mad
Marseille* Mar
Milan* Mil
Morocco* Mor

Moscow* Mos
Munich* Mun
Naples* Nap
Navarra Nav
Netherlands* Net

Norway* Nwy
Palestine Pal
Paris* Par
Picardy Pic

Piedmont Pie
Pomerania Pom
Portugal* Por
Rhineland Rhi
Rome* Rom

Rumania* Rum
Sardinia Sdn
Saudi Arabia SAr
Saxony Sax
Serbia* Ser
Siberia Sib

Sicily Sic
Silesia Sil
Slovakia Svk
Slovenia Svn
Southern Algeria SAl

South Tyrol STy
Stalingrad* Sta
Suez Sue
Sweden* Swe
Switzerland* Swi

Syria Syr
Thrace Thr
Transylvania Tra
Tripoli* Tri
Tunisia Tun

Tuscany Tus
Valencia* Val
Venetia Ven
Volhynia Vol
Wales Wal

Warsaw* War
Western Caucasia WCa
Western Ukraine WUk
Yorkshire Yor
Adriatic Sea ADR

Aegean Sea AEG
Arctic Ocean, ARC
Atlantic Ocean ATL
Baltic Sea BAL

Bay of Biscay BOB
Black Sea BLA
Caspian Sea CAS
English Channel ENG
Gulf of Bothnia GOB

Gulf of Danzig GOD
Gulf of Lion GOL
Ionian Sea ION
Irish Sea IRI
Levantine Sea LEV

Libyan Sea LIB
Maltese Sea MAL
Northern North Sea NNS
Northern Tyrrhenian Sea NTS
North-Western Approaches NWA
Norwegian Sea NRG

Persian Gulf PGU

Skaggerak SKA
Southern North Sea SNS
Southern Tyrrhenian Sea STS
South-Western Approaches SWA
Western Mediterranean WES

1936 v3.4

2016-03-30T00:47:46Z

Charlesf: /* Client States */

=Introduction=
1936 is a seven-player Diplomacy variant set in the mid-thirties – at a time when the precarious order established after the Great War was increasingly undermined and finally destroyed.

Next to the seven great powers vying for influence, the two main factions in the Spanish Civil War – the Nationalists and Republicans are playable. Nationalist Spain is controlled by its main sponsor – Italy, whereas the Soviet Union champions the cause of Republican Spain.

1936's rules are based upon those of Ambition & Empire, a variant designed by Jeff Kase and Baron Powell. As its most striking departure from Standard Diplomacy, the latter first featured armed neutrals whose actions players may secretly influence by bidding Diplomacy Points (DPs).

Should you be interested in joining or observing a future game, contact [mailto:cfeaux@gmail.com me.]

=Maps=

[[Image:1936_34.gif|frame|1936 v3.4]]

[[Image:v34 35_4.gif|frame|1936 v3.4 initial setup]]

=Inital Setup=

BRITAIN: F Edinburgh, F Gibraltar, F London, F Suez

FRANCE: A Algiers, A Beirut, F Brest, A Marseille, A Paris

GERMANY: A Berlin, F Hamburg, A Munich

ITALY: A Milan, F Naples, A Rome, F Tripoli

POLAND: A Cracow, F Gdynia, A Warsaw

SOVIET UNION: F Leningrad (sc), A Moscow, A Stalingrad

TURKEY: A Ankara, A Istanbul, F Izmir

NATIONALIST SPAIN: A Burgos

REPUBLICAN SPAIN: A Valencia

=Rules=
All the rules of standard Diplomacy apply save those noted below.

==Minor Powers==

In addition to the seven Great Powers (and the Spanish factions), there also are a host of "minor powers" that represent the smaller states of Europe.

Each minor power controls one unit (two in the case of Yugoslavia) and the SCs they occupy. All minor powers start with an army except for the following minors that start with a fleet: Denmark, Greece, the Netherlands, Norway, Portugal and Sweden.

Minor power units prevent a Great Power from simply moving into an empty space and gaining control of the SC. To occupy a minor power SC, a Great Power will need to move in with support. A minor power unit that is forced to retreat is disbanded. If a Great Power does not occupy the minor power SC at the end of a Fall turn, the minor power’s unit is automatically rebuilt in the Winter.

As in standard Diplomacy, a Great Power controls a minor power SC when one of its units occupies the space after a Fall turn has been played and completed. Once a Great Power gains control of a minor power SC, it can leave the SC vacant and still keep control of it as long as that SC is not occupied by another Great Power at the close of a Fall turn.

Minor power units do nothing but hold in place, unless the unit has been ordered by a Great Power using its Diplomacy Points.

==Diplomacy Points==

Each Great Power receives a set number of Diplomacy Points (DPs) every Spring and Fall turn.

• '''France receives 5 DPs.

• '''The other Great Powers are allocated 3 DPs each.

• '''Deduct 1 DP from a Great Power's DP budget for each SC it originally owned, yet is controlled by another power. Exception: French ownership of any SC within two spaces of Beirut (i.e. Ankara, Iraq, Suez) cancels any penalty for losing Beirut.

• '''Deduct 1 DP from sponsor's DP budget if its corresponding faction controls fewer Spanish SCs than the opposing faction or no longer controls any Spanish SC.

A patron receives a DP bonus when allocating DPs to a client (see further below).

During each Spring and Fall turn, each Great Power may allocate DPs to minor powers that still have units on the map, though '''no more than two of its DPs may be allocated to any particular minor power SC.'''

'''A Major Power may not allocate any DPs to a minor power SC it intends to attack (or support an attack against) during the current game turn.'''

For each DP allocated, the allocating Great Power submits an order for that particular minor power’s unit. A Great Power may order a minor power to move, hold or support. '''A minor power's unit given a move order (also known as a "sortie") will not actually move. However, the move action may cut support and bounce other units. '''

'''If a minor power unit is given a move order that under Standard rules would result in it moving, the order will result in the unit remaining in its starting territory, but no other unit may retreat or move into the territory the minor successfully attacked. A unit already in the target territory at turn start will not be dislodged.'''

Unused DPs may not be carried over into the next turn. They are simply lost.

Players are not required to tell each other how they allocated their DPs. Just as with negotiations, players may honour their agreements with other players or not, as they see fit. Only the GM will know how Great Powers have allocated their DPs. DP allocation is not published in the adjudication; only the end results are published.

The GM determines how DPs have been allocated. In the event of a conflict, an order for a particular minor power’s unit is followed if it is supported by more DPs than any conflicting order. See the following examples:

<blockquote>
Example 1. ''In Spring ‘36, Germany allocates one DP to Austria to get it to support a German attack on Czechia. No other major Power allocates a DP to Austria so the Austrian unit supports the German attack on Czechia.''
</blockquote>

<blockquote>
Example 2. ''In Spring ‘36, Germany allocates one DP to Austria to get it to support a German attack on Czechia. Italy also allocates one DP to Austria to get it to support an Italian attack on Switzerland. Since Germany and Italy each allocated one DP to Austria, neither controls Austria and the Austrian army simply holds in place.''
</blockquote>

<blockquote>
Example 3. ''In Spring ‘36, Germany allocates two DPs to Austria to get it to support a German attack on Czechia. Italy allocates only one DP to Austria to get it to support an Italian attack on Switzerland. Since Germany allocated one more DP to Austria than Italy did, the Austrian support the German attack on Czechia.''
</blockquote>

<blockquote>
Example 4. ''In Spring ‘36, Germany allocates one DP to Austria to get it to support a German attack on Czechia. Italy allocates one DP to Austria to get it to support an Italian attack on Switzerland. In support of Germany, Turkey allocates one DP to Austria to get it to support the German attack on Czechia. Although Germany, Italy and Turkey each allocated one DP to Austria, the Germans get the Austrian support because the Turks supported the German diplomatic efforts with the Austrians.''
</blockquote>

==Client States==

'''Should a Great Power (patron) invest any DPs in a minor power designated as a client (i.e. lesser ally, junior partner, protectorate, state within a power's sphere of influence), those DPs are increased in value. Initially by one. After every three move turns, the DP bonus further increases by one. This means that the DP bonus rises to +2 during the Fall 1937 season, to +3 in Spring 1939 and so on.

A surviving client's SCs count towards its patron's SC total for victory purposes.

These are the various Great Powers' clients:

BRITAIN: Egypt, Iraq

FRANCE: Belgium, Czechoslovakia (i.e. Bohemia), Greece, Morocco, Rumania, Yugoslavia (i.e. Croatia, Serbia)

GERMANY: Austria (also a potential German build site), Bulgaria, Finland,
Hungary, Iran, Rumania

ITALY: Bulgaria, Hungary

POLAND: Rumania

SOVIET UNION: Czechoslovakia (i.e. Bohemia), Lithuania

TURKEY: Egypt

As a visual cue, minor power SC dots are partially coloured in their patron's colours. Austria's SC is fully coloured grey to account for it being also a potential German build site.

==Yugoslavia==

Yugoslavia is a minor power initially consisting of two units/SCs (i.e. A Croatia and A Serbia). As such, '''the Yugoslav A Croatia may not attack, help cut or dislodge its fellow Yugoslav unit in Serbia (and vice-versa). DPs are allocated to A Croatia or A Serbia rather than to Yugoslavia as a whole.'''

==Spain==

The Nationalists and Republicans are considered factions. Italy and the Soviet Union are their respective sponsoring Great Powers.

The Italian player submits orders for Nationalist Spain, while the Soviet player does the same for Republican Spain. However, the two powers under the control of the same player are treated for all purposes other than victory as separate powers.

Burgos, Madrid and Valencia are home supply centres for both the Nationalists and Republicans. Initially the Nationalists control Burgos, the Republicans Valencia (their respective provisional capitals), whereas Madrid is neutral and controlled by neither. There is no neutral garrison in vacant Madrid – unlike all other neutral SCs at game-start.

'''Deduct 1 DP from sponsor's DP budget if its corresponding faction controls fewer Spanish SCs (i.e. Burgos, Madrid, Valencia) than the opposing faction or no longer controls any Spanish SCs.

Factions do not receive any DPs.

Should a faction's sponsoring Great Power (Italy for the Nationalists, the Soviet Union for the Republicans) be eliminated, its faction is immediately put into civil disorder (see the below rules section). Therefore the controlling player is entirely eliminated from the game.

==Victory Conditions==

As soon as one player controls '''18 SCs''', the game ends immediately and the player representing that Great Power is the winner. If two players each gain 18 or more SCs at the same time, the player with the most SCs is considered the winner. If the two players each control the same number of SCs, the game continues until one player has 18 or more SCs and that player has more SCs than any other player.

For the purposes of this rule Italy & Nationalist Spain are considered one Great Power. The same applies to the Soviet Union & Republican Spain.

'''A surviving client's SCs count towards its patron's SC total for victory purposes.'''

==Civil Disorder==

If a player is lost during the game, the GM is strongly encouraged to find a replacement player for the affected Great Power rather than have it lapse into civil disorder. In the event no replacement player is found and the GM declares the Great Power to be in permanent civil disorder, the following rules apply:

• All units of the Great Power in civil disorder (GPCD) are immediately disbanded.

• All SCs controlled by the GPCD that are unoccupied are immediately considered newly independent minor powers. Minor power army units are built in those minor power spaces.

• All SCs controlled by the GPCD that are occupied by a unit belonging to another Great Power are unaffected. If the occupying Great Power moves its unit out of the GPCD’s SC so that the SC is unoccupied at the conclusion of a Fall turn, a minor power army unit is built there and that SC is considered a newly independent minor power.

• For the remainder of the game, all newly independent minor powers are subject to the provisions of the Minor Powers rules. In particular, this means the new minor power can be influenced using Diplomacy Points.

• Once a Great Power is declared to be in permanent civil disorder, it may not be played by an active player again.

==Special Rules==

• The first turn of the game begins in Spring 1936.

• France may not build units in Beirut, nor may Italy do so in Tripoli (as a visual cue these SCs are filled with white colour).

• Austria serves as an additional German build-site.

• Britain starts the game with a fleet located in Gibraltar, whereas there’s no unit in Liverpool.

==Map Clarifications==

• Gibraltar and the Dodecanese are sea spaces that contain land. This means that a fleet stationed in Gibraltar or in the Dodecanese can convoy an army. Equally, army movement between Gibraltar and Madrid, Grenada or Morocco is allowed. Much as between the Dodecanese and Izmir.

• Hamburg, Suez, Denmark and Istanbul are canal provinces. Hence, they have merely one coast.

• The Persian Gulf and the Atlantic Ocean are adjacent and are divided by a line in what we generally consider Red Sea. Blue bands along the map edges indicate that these portions of the Red Sea respectively belong to the Persian Gulf and the Atlantic Ocean.

'''Four-way Intersections:'''

• Sicily and Naples are adjacent as shown by the landbridge arrow. Both fleet and army movement across the Straits of Messina is possible.

• Edinburgh, Northern Ireland, the North-Western Approaches and the Irish Sea all border each other.

• Gibraltar, Morocco, the Atlantic Ocean and the South-Western Approaches all border each other.

• Sweden, the Gulf of Bothnia, the Gulf of Danzig and Baltic Sea all border each other.

• Stalingrad, Western Caucasia, the Eastern Ukraine and the Black Sea all border each other.

• Greece, the Aegean Sea, Libyan Sea and Ionian Sea all border each other.

== Version Changelog==

* Asterisk = SC province
* @ = adjacent to
* > = renamed

'''0.3'''
* Space Additions: Azov Sea
* Altered Adjacencies: Stalingrad @ Azov Sea

'''1.0'''
* Space Additions: Ligurian Sea, Konya, Georgia, Trentino, Transylvania, Slovenia, Bosnia, Thrace, Dobruja, Abruzzi, Lorraine
* Space Removals: Armenia, Adana, Sevastopol, Cologne, Venetia
* Name Change: African Coastal Waters > Atlantic Ocean, Mid-Atlantic Ocean > South-Western Approaches, North-Atlantic Ocean > Northwestern Approaches, Saxony > Thuringia, Kiel > Hamburg
* Altered Adjacencies: Ankara @ Levantine Coastal Waters, Atlantic Ocean @ Ireland, Northwestern Approaches, Madrid @ Navarra, Berlin @ Czechia
* Rule Change:

'''1.1'''
* Space Additions: Gulf of Sidra
* Name Change: Thuringia > Saxony, Eastern Mediterranean > Libyan Sea
* Altered Adjacencies: Saxony @ Silesia, Pomerania

'''1.2'''
* Space Additions: Western Ukraine, Eastern Ukraine
* Space Removals: Ukraine
* Altered Adjacencies: Greater Poland @ Berlin, Saxony

'''1.3'''
* Name Change: Trentino > South Tyrol
* Altered Adjacencies: Rome @ Austria

'''1.6'''
* Space Additions: Tuscany, Northern Tyrrhenian Sea, Southern Tyrrhenian Sea, Bavaria
* Space Removals: Abruzzi
* Name Change: Munich > Frankfurt
* Altered Adjacencies: Bosnia @ Adriatic Sea
* Rule Change: Minor powers may be ordered to move.

'''1.7'''
* Space Additions: Lodz
* Altered Adjacencies: Silesia @ Berlin, Pomerania

'''1.8'''
* Space Additions: Venetia
* Rule Change: Suez becomes a British Home-SC.

'''1.9'''
* Space Additions: Northern Ireland
* Rule Change: The great powers are given minor powers as clients.

'''2.0'''
* Space Removals: Gulf of Sidra, Venetia
* Name Change: Saxony > Central Germany, Bavaria > Bavarian Ostmark
* Altered Adjacencies: Libyan Sea no longer adjacent to Greece, Central Germany @ Rhineland

'''2.1'''
* Rule Change: Finland, Latvia no longer Polish clients, Greece no longer French client, Lithuania Soviet client

'''2.2'''
* Space Additions: Venetia
* Altered Adjacencies: Rome no longer @ Milan.

'''2.3'''
* Space Removals: Heligoland Bight
* Altered Adjacencies: Paris @ Marseille, Belgium, English Channel @ Netherlands

'''2.4'''
* Name Change: Bavarian Ostmark > Franconia

'''2.5'''
* Rule Change: Iran is no longer a Turkish client.

'''2.6'''
* Space Additions: Northern North Sea, Southern North Sea
* Space Removals: North Sea

'''2.7'''
* Space Additions: Extremadura, Leon
* Space Removals: Galicia, Lodz
* Altered Adjacencies: Warsaw @ Czechia, Cracow no longer adjacent to Rumania.

'''2.8'''
* Altered Adjacencies: Cracow @ Rumania, Cracow @ Silesia

'''2.9'''
* Name Change: Georgia > Western Caucasia, Arabian Sea > Persian Gulf, Czechia > Bohemia
* Altered Adjacencies: Cracow not @ Rumania
* Rule Change: Client SCs count towards their patron's SC count for victory purposes.
* Rule Change: Minus 1 DP for each originally controlled SC under enemy control. If the Nationalists (or the Republicans) no longer control a single Spanish SC, Italy (or the Soviet Union) loses 1 DP.
* Rule Change: A victorious Spain only receives 1 DP instead of 3.
* Rule Change: The DP bonus for clients increases each year after 1937 by one extra DP.

'''3.0'''
* Altered Adjacencies: Libyan Sea @ Greece
* Rule Change: Greece becomes a French client.

'''3.1'''
* Name Change: Central Germany > Saxony, Thrace > Macedonia
* Altered Adjacencies: Munich @ Hamburg
* Rule Change: Finland and Iran become German clients.

'''3.2'''
* Rule Change: Rumania becomes also a German client (next to being a French and Polish one).

'''3.3'''
* Space Addition: Maltese Sea
* Rule Change: No more DPs for a victorious Spain. Instead a faction's sponsoring power gets one DP less if its faction has zero Spanish SCs or controls fewer of these than the opposing faction.
* Rule Change: Deduct 1 DP from a Great Power's DP budget for each SC it originally owned, yet now is controlled by another power. Exception: French ownership of any SC within two spaces of Beirut (i.e. Ankara, Iraq, Suez) cancels any penalty for losing Beirut.

'''3.4'''
* Altered Adjacencies: Saudi Arabia @ Suez (i.e. a new crossroads involving Suez, Palestine, Saudi Arabia and the Persian Gulf is created).

=Space Names and Abbreviations=

All spaces on the 1936 map, along with their abbreviations, are listed below. SCs are annotated with an asterisk (*).

Albania Alb
Alexandretta Ale
Algiers* Alg
Ankara* Ank
Archangel Agl

Austria* Aus
Beirut* Bei
Belgium* Bel
Berlin* Ber
Bohemia Boh

Bosnia Bos
Brest* Bre
Bulgaria* Bul
Burgos* Brg
Burgundy Bur

Byelorussia Bye
Catalonia Cat
Cracow* Cra
Croatia* Cro

Denmark* Den
Dobruja Dob
Dodecanese Dod
Eastern Anatolia EAn
East Prussia EPr

Eastern Ukraine EUk
Edinburgh* Edi
Egypt* Egy
Estonia Est
Extremadura Ext

Finland* Fin
Franconia Fra
Gascony Gas
Gdynia* Gdy
Gibraltar Gib

Granada Gra
Greater Poland GPo
Greece* Gre
Hamburg* Ham
Hungary* Hun

Iceland Ice
Iran* Irn
Iraq* Irq
Ireland Ire
Istanbul* Ist
Izmir* Izm

Kazakhstan Kaz
Konya Kon
Kurdistan Kur
Kuweit Kuw
Latvia* Lat

Leningrad* Len
Leon Leo
Lithuania* Lit
Liverpool* Liv
London* Lon

Lorraine Lor
Madrid* Mad
Marseille* Mar
Milan* Mil
Morocco* Mor

Moscow* Mos
Munich* Mun
Naples* Nap
Navarra Nav
Netherlands* Net

Norway* Nwy
Palestine Pal
Paris* Par
Picardy Pic

Piedmont Pie
Pomerania Pom
Portugal* Por
Rhineland Rhi
Rome* Rom

Rumania* Rum
Sardinia Sdn
Saudi Arabia SAr
Saxony Sax
Serbia* Ser
Siberia Sib

Sicily Sic
Silesia Sil
Slovakia Svk
Slovenia Svn
Southern Algeria SAl

South Tyrol STy
Stalingrad* Sta
Suez Sue
Sweden* Swe
Switzerland* Swi

Syria Syr
Thrace Thr
Transylvania Tra
Tripoli* Tri
Tunisia Tun

Tuscany Tus
Valencia* Val
Venetia Ven
Volhynia Vol
Wales Wal

Warsaw* War
Western Caucasia WCa
Western Ukraine WUk
Yorkshire Yor
Adriatic Sea ADR

Aegean Sea AEG
Arctic Ocean, ARC
Atlantic Ocean ATL
Baltic Sea BAL

Bay of Biscay BOB
Black Sea BLA
Caspian Sea CAS
English Channel ENG
Gulf of Bothnia GOB

Gulf of Danzig GOD
Gulf of Lion GOL
Ionian Sea ION
Irish Sea IRI
Levantine Sea LEV

Libyan Sea LIB
Maltese Sea MAL
Northern North Sea NNS
Northern Tyrrhenian Sea NTS
North-Western Approaches NWA
Norwegian Sea NRG

Persian Gulf PGU

Skaggerak SKA
Southern North Sea SNS
Southern Tyrrhenian Sea STS
South-Western Approaches SWA
Western Mediterranean WES