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...battle, famine, and plague. It has been described as a clash between the Protestant factions of Germany and the Austrian and German Catholics, yet from another ..., one year following the Treaty of Xanten. The interaction of these great powers with each other and with the minor German and Italian states, vassal states

July 31, 1619: Protestant leaders in Bohemia feared the fervent Catholic Ferdinand II, successor to M ...d for less. Each player represents one of the major and regional European powers of the early 17th century: